Izinkinga zokuphepha kwedatha yomuntu siqu, ukuvuza kwazo kanye “namandla” akhulayo ezinkampani ezinkulu ze-IT ziya ngokuya zikhathaza abasebenzisi benethiwekhi abavamile kuphela, kodwa futhi nabameleli bamaqembu ezombusazwe ahlukahlukene. Abanye, njengalabo abangakwesobunxele, bahlongoza izindlela eziqinile, kusukela ekwenzeni i-inthanethi ibe ngaphansi kombuso kuya ekuguquleni izikhondlakhondla zezobuchwepheshe zibe imifelandawonye. Mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zangempela kule ndlela "perestroika in reverse" zenziwa emazweni amaningana - ezintweni zethu zanamuhla.
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Ikuphi ngempela inkinga?
Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, abaholi abangenakuphikiswa baye bavela emakethe ye-IT - izinkampani amagama azo asephenduke amagama asekhaya zinesabelo esikhulu (ngesinye isikhathi esinzima) ezingxenyeni ezimbalwa zomkhakha we-IT. Google ngaphezu kuka-90% wemakethe yamasevisi okusesha, kanye nesiphequluli se-Chrome kumakhompyutha 56% wabasebenzisi. Isimo nge-Microsoft siyefana - cishe i-65% yezinkampani esifundeni sezomnotho se-EMEA (i-Europe, Middle East kanye ne-Afrika) neHhovisi 365.
Lesi simo sinezinhlangothi ezinhle. Izinkampani ezinkulu zidala inqwaba yemisebenzi - kanjani I-CNBC, Phakathi kuka-2000 no-2018, i-Facebook, Alphabet, i-Microsoft, i-Apple ne-Amazon iqashe abasebenzi abasha abangaphezu kwesigidi. Amabhizinisi anjalo aqongelela izinsiza ezanele ukwenza ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezinga elikhulu ezindaweni ezintsha, ngezinye izikhathi ezinobungozi obukhulu, ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yawo ewumgogodla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani zakha eyazo i-ecosystem, lapho abasebenzisi baxazulula khona izinkinga eziningi - ba-oda ngokushesha zonke izimpahla ezidingekayo, kusukela ezitolo kuya ezintweni zokusebenza, e-Amazon. Ngokusho kwabahlaziyi, ngo-2021 izoba ingxenye yemakethe ye-e-commerce yaseMelika.
Ukuba khona kwama-IT giants emakethe kuyazuzisa nakwabanye abadlali bayo - abatshalizimali abenza imali ekuhwebeni kwamasheya: amasheya abo ngokuvamile anokwethenjelwa futhi alethe imali engenayo ezinzile. Isibonelo, lapho iMicrosoft iqinisekisa izinhloso zayo zokuthola i-GitHub ngo-2018, amasheya ayo 1,27%.
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Kodwa-ke, ithonya elikhulayo lamabhizinisi amakhulu e-IT liyimbangela yokukhathazeka. Okuyinhloko ukuthi izinkampani zihlanganisa inani elikhulu ledatha yomuntu siqu. Namuhla seziyimpahla futhi zisetshenziselwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene - kusukela ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokubikezela kuya ekukhangiseni okuhlosiwe okuvinjelwe. Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha enkulu ezandleni zenkampani eyodwa kudala lonke uhla lwezingozi kubantu abajwayelekile kanye nobunzima obuthile kumlawuli.
Ikwindla 2017 mayelana "nokuvuza" kwemininingwane yama-akhawunti ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3 ku-Tumblr, Fantasy kanye ne-Flickr ye-Yahoo! Isamba semali yesinxephezelo inkampani ephoqelekile ukuba iyikhokhe yi 50 million dollars. Futhi ngoDisemba 2019, ochwepheshe bezokuphepha bolwazi isizindalwazi esiku-inthanethi esinamagama, izinombolo zocingo kanye nomazisi babasebenzisi be-Facebook abayizigidi ezingama-267.
Isimo asikhathazi kuphela abasebenzisi ngokwabo, kodwa futhi nohulumeni bezifundazwe ngabanye - ikakhulukazi ngoba abakwazi ukulawula idatha eqoqwe izinkampani ze-IT. Futhi lokhu, ngokwezinye izazi zezombangazwe, “kudala usongo ekuvikelekeni kwezwe.”
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Emazweni aseNtshonalanga, isixazululo esinamandla sale nkinga sivela kubasekeli bokunyakaza okuhlukahlukene kwesobunxele kanye nesokunxele. Phakathi kokunye, bahlongoza ukwenza izinkampani ezinkulu ze-IT zibe yizinhlaka zomphakathi nezizimele noma amadlelandawonye, kanye nenethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke ukuba ibe yindawo yonke futhi ilawulwe nguhulumeni (njengezinye izinsiza zendawo). Umqondo wesokunxele umi kanje: uma izinsiza ze-inthanethi ziyeka ukuba “izimayini zegolide” futhi ziqala ukuphathwa njengezindlu nezinsiza zomphakathi, ukuphishekela inzuzo kuzophela, okusho ukuthi isisusa “sokuxhashazwa” komuntu siqu kwabasebenzisi. idatha izokwehla. Futhi ngaphandle kwemvelo enhle yokuqala, umnyakazo oya “ku-inthanethi eyabiwe” kwamanye amazwe isiqalile.
Ingqalasizinda yabantu
Izifunda eziningi sezivele zikhona , ukusungula ilungelo lokufinyelela i-inthanethi njengento eyisisekelo. E-Spain, ukufinyelela ku-World Wide Web kuhlukaniswa esigabeni esifanayo nesocingo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sonke isakhamuzi sezwe kufanele sikwazi ukungena ku-inthanethi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sihlala yiphi indawo. EGreece leli yilungelo, ngokujwayelekile (Isihloko 5A).
Esinye isibonelo sibuyele emuva ngo-2000, e-Estonia ukuletha i-inthanethi ezindaweni ezikude zezwe - amadolobhana namapulazi. Ngokusho kosopolitiki, i-World Wide Web iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila komuntu ekhulwini lama-XNUMX futhi kufanele ifinyeleleke kuwo wonke umuntu.
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Uma kubhekwa ukubaluleka okwandayo kwe-inthanethi - indima eyibambayo ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo eziyisisekelo zabantu - amalungu enxele acela ukuthi ibe semoyeni mahhala, njengomabonakude. Ngasekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, i-Labour Party yaseBrithani uhlelele ushintsho olukhulu ku-inthanethi ye-fiber-optic yamahhala ohlelweni lwakhe lokhetho. Ngokwezibalo zokuqala, iphrojekthi izobiza amaphawundi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20. Ngendlela, bahlela ukuqongelela imali ukuze kusetshenziswe izintela ezengeziwe zemidondoshiya ye-inthanethi efana ne-Facebook ne-Google.
Kwamanye amadolobha aseMelika, abahlinzeki be-inthanethi baphethwe ohulumeni basekhaya namadlelandawonye. Ibalelwa ku-900 imiphakathi ezweni amanethiwekhi abo e-broadband - lapho zonke izingxenye zabantu ngaphandle kokukhetha zikwazi ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi enesivinini esikhulu. Okudume kakhulu - Idolobha laseChattanooga eTennessee. Ngo-2010, ngokusekelwa yi-federal grant, iziphathimandla zaqala inethiwekhi ye-gigabit yabahlali. Namuhla, i-output ikhuphuke yaba amagigabhithi ayishumi. I-fiber optic entsha iphinde ixhume kugridi yamandla ye-Chattanooga, ngakho izakhamuzi zasedolobheni akusadingeki zithumele ukufundwa kwamamitha mathupha. Ochwepheshe bathi inethiwekhi entsha isiza ukonga imali efinyelela ku-$50 million ngonyaka.
Amaphrojekthi afanayo aseqalisiwe - isibonelo, e-Thomasville, nasezindaweni zasemaphandleni - eningizimu yeMinnesota. Lapho, ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi kunikezwa umhlinzeki we-RS Fiber, okungeye-cooperative yamadolobha ayishumi namapulazi ayishumi nesikhombisa.
Imibono ehambisana namasocialists ivame ukuvezwa phezulu kuhulumeni wase-US. Ekuqaleni kuka-2018, abaphathi bakaDonald Trump Inethiwekhi ye-5G iyimpahla yezwe. Ngokusho kwabaqalayo, le ndlela izovumela ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwengqalasizinda yezwe, kwandise ukumelana nokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber futhi kwandise izinga lempilo yabantu. Nakuba ekuqaleni konyaka odlule umqondo wokwenza ingqalasizinda ibe yizwe . Kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi le ndaba izophinde iphakanyiswe esikhathini esizayo.
Kufinyeleleka kuwo wonke umuntu, ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi okushibhile noma kwamahhala kuyithuba elilingayo elingeke libangele ukuphikiswa kwanoma ubani. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwe-hardware nengqalasizinda, isofthiwe nezinhlelo zokusebenza zihlala ziyingxenye ebalulekile yenethiwekhi. Ngokuqondene nokuthi benzeni nabo, abanye abameleli bezenhlalakahle kanye nezinye izinhlangano ezingakwesokunxele nazo banombono okhethekile - sizokhuluma ngakho ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni esilandelayo.
Esizeni siyahola . Lapho sikhuluma ngobuchwepheshe bamafu, i-IaaS nokuphepha kwedatha yomuntu siqu.
Siphinde sibe nesigaba "" Kuyo sikwazisa mayelana nezinto ezintsha zakamuva zenkonzo yethu.
Sine-Habré (enenani elikhulu lokuphawula ngezinto zokwakha):
Source: www.habr.com