Inkumbulo - , futhi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi sekunesikhathi eside icwaningwa, miningi imibono engamanga - noma okungenani enganembile ngokuphelele ngayo.
Sizokutshela mayelana nezithandwa kakhulu kuzo, kanye nokuthi kungani kungelula kangako ukukhohlwa yonke into, yini eyenza "sintshontshe" inkumbulo yomunye umuntu, nokuthi izinkumbulo ezingelona iqiniso zikuthinta kanjani ukuphila kwethu.
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Inkumbulo yezithombe ikhono "lokukhumbula yonke into"
Inkumbulo yezithombe umqondo wokuthi umuntu nganoma isiphi isikhathi angathatha uhlobo "lwesithombe" esisheshayo seqiniso elizungezile futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile "alikhiphe" ezigodlweni zengqondo eqinile. Ngokuyinhloko, le nganekwane isekelwe embonweni (futhi ongamanga) wokuthi inkumbulo yomuntu ibhala ngokuqhubekayo yonke into umuntu ayibona eduze kwakhe. Le nganekwane izinzile futhi iqinile esikweni lesimanje - ngokwesibonelo, kwakuyile nqubo "yokuqoshwa kwe-mnemonic" eyaholela ekuveleni kwekhasethi levidiyo elidumile eliqalekisiwe ochungechungeni lwamanoveli kaKoji Suzuki "Indandatho".
Emkhathini we "Ring", lokhu kungase kube ngokoqobo, kodwa eqinisweni lethu, ukutholakala kwememori yezithombe "amaphesenti ayikhulu" akukakaqinisekiswa ekusebenzeni. Inkumbulo ihlobene eduze nokucubungula kokudala kanye nokuqonda kolwazi; ukuzazi nokuzihlonza kunethonya elinamandla ezinkumbulo zethu.
Ngakho-ke, ososayensi bayangabaza mayelana nezimangalo zokuthi umuntu othile angakwazi “ukurekhoda” noma “ukuthwebula isithombe” ngokoqobo. Ngokuvamile zibandakanya amahora okuqeqeshwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-mnemonics. Ngaphezu kwalokho, icala lokuqala lenkumbulo "yezithombe" elichazwe kwisayensi .
Sikhuluma ngomsebenzi kaCharles Stromeyer III. Ngo-1970, washicilela ukwaziswa ephephabhukwini elithi Nature mayelana no-Elizabeth othile, umfundi wase-Harvard owayekwazi ngekhanda amakhasi ezinkondlo ngolimi olungaziwa lapho ethi nhla. Futhi nakakhulu - ebuka ngeso elilodwa isithombe samachashazi angahleliwe angu-10, futhi ngakusasa ngelinye iso esithombeni sesibili esifanayo, wakwazi ukuhlanganisa zombili izithombe emcabangweni wakhe futhi "abone" i-autostereogram enezinhlangothi ezintathu.
Yiqiniso, abanye abanikazi benkumbulo engavamile abakwazanga ukuphinda impumelelo yakhe. U-Elizabeth ngokwakhe akazange aphinde athathe izivivinyo - futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile washada noStrohmeyer, okwandisa ukungabaza kososayensi mayelana "nokuthola" kwakhe nezisusa.
Eduze kwenganekwane yenkumbulo yezithombe i-eidéticism - ikhono lokubamba nokukhiqiza kabusha ngokuningiliziwe izithombe ezibukwayo (futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezihlekisayo, ezithintekayo, ezizwakalayo neziphunga) isikhathi eside. Ngokobufakazi obuthile, uTesla, uReagan kanye no-Aivazovsky babenenkumbulo engavamile ye-eidetic; izithombe ze-eidetics nazo zidumile esikweni elidumile - kusukela ku-Lisbeth Salander kuya kuDokotela Strange. Kodwa-ke, inkumbulo ye-eidetics nayo ayiwona umshini - ngisho ayikwazi "ukubuyisela emuva irekhodi" kunoma yisiphi isikhathi esinqunyiwe futhi ibuke yonke into futhi, kuyo yonke imininingwane. I-Eidetics, njengabanye abantu, idinga ukubandakanyeka ngokomzwelo, ukuqonda isihloko, isithakazelo kulokho okwenzekayo ukukhumbula - futhi kulokhu, inkumbulo yabo ingase iphuthe noma ilungise imininingwane ethile.
I-Amnesia ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo ngokuphelele
Le nganekwane iphinde igqugquzelwe izindaba ezivela kusiko lwe-pop - iqhawe-isisulu se-amnesia ngokuvamile, ngenxa yalesi sigameko, lilahlekelwa ngokuphelele yonke inkumbulo yesikhathi esidlule, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo lixhumana ngokukhululekile nabanye futhi ngokuvamile lihle kakhulu ekucabangeni. . Eqinisweni, i-amnesia ingazibonakalisa ngezindlela eziningi, futhi lena echazwe ngenhla ayiyona evame kakhulu.
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Isibonelo, nge-amnesia ye-retrograde, isiguli singase singakhumbuli izehlakalo ezandulele ukulimala noma ukugula, kodwa ngokuvamile sigcina inkumbulo yolwazi lwe-autobiographical, ikakhulukazi mayelana nobuntwana kanye nobusha. Endabeni ye-anterograde amnesia, isisulu, ngokuphambene nalokho, silahlekelwa ikhono lokukhumbula izenzakalo ezintsha, kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukhumbula okwenzeka kuye ngaphambi kokulimala.
Isimo lapho iqhawe lingakhumbuli lutho mayelana nesikhathi sakhe esidlule singase sihlobane ne-dissociative disorder, isibonelo, isimo. . Kulokhu, umuntu akakhumbuli lutho ngaye nangempilo yakhe yangaphambilini, ngaphezu kwalokho, angakwazi ukuza ne-biography entsha negama lakhe. Isizathu salolu hlobo lwe-amnesia ngokuvamile akukona ukugula noma ukulimala ngengozi, kodwa izehlakalo ezinodlame noma ukucindezeleka okukhulu - kuhle ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kancane kakhulu ekuphileni kunamabhayisikobho.
Izwe langaphandle aliphazamisi inkumbulo yethu
Lona omunye umbono oyiphutha, nawo osuka embonweni wokuthi inkumbulo yethu ibhala ngokunembile futhi ngokungaguquki izenzakalo ezenzeka kithi. Ekuboneni kokuqala, kubonakala sengathi lokhu kuyiqiniso: uhlobo oluthile lwesigameko senzeke kithi. Sakhumbula. Manje, uma kunesidingo, “singakhipha” lesi siqephu enkumbulweni yethu futhi “sidlale” njengesiqeshana sevidiyo.
Mhlawumbe lesi sifaniso sifanelekile, kodwa kukhona "kodwa": ngokungafani nefilimu yangempela, lesi siqeshana sizoshintsha lapho "sidlalwa" - kuye ngokuthi isipiliyoni sethu esisha, imvelo, isimo sengqondo, kanye nomlingiswa wabaxhumanisi. Kulokhu, asikhulumi ngamanga amabomu - kungase kubonakale kokhumbulayo ukuthi ukhuluma indaba efanayo njalo - ngendlela yonke into eyenzekayo ngempela.
Iqiniso liwukuthi inkumbulo ayiyona nje i-physiological, kodwa futhi isakhiwo somphakathi. Lapho sikhumbula futhi sitshela iziqephu ezithile ezimpilweni zethu, sivame ukuzilungisa ngokungazi, sicabangela izithakazelo zalabo esixoxa nabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, singakwazi “ukuboleka” noma “ukweba” izinkumbulo zabanye abantu—futhi senza kahle kakhulu kukho.
Indaba yokuboleka inkumbulo icwaningwa ikakhulukazi ngososayensi baseSouthern Methodist University e-USA. Kwenye yazo Kutholakale ukuthi lesi sigameko sesabalale kakhulu - abangaphezu kwesigamu sabaphenduli (abafundi basekolishi) baphawule ukuthi bake bahlangabezana nesimo lapho othile abamaziyo ephinda ezixoxela izindaba zakhe kuqala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abanye abaphendula babeqiniseka ukuthi izehlakalo ezishiwo kabusha zenzeke ngempela kubo futhi “azizwakalanga.”
Izinkumbulo azikwazi ukubolekwa kuphela, kodwa futhi zasungulwa - lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi inkumbulo yamanga. Kulokhu, umuntu uqinisekile ukuthi ukhumbule kahle lokhu noma leso senzakalo - ngokuvamile lokhu kuthinta imininingwane emincane, ama-nuances noma amaqiniso ngamanye. Ngokwesibonelo, ungakwazi ngokuzethemba "khumbula" ukuthi umngane wakho omusha wazethula kanjani ngokuthi Sergei, kuyilapho eqinisweni igama lakhe - Stas. Noma "khumbula ngokuphelele" ukuthi bafaka kanjani isambulela esikhwameni (empeleni babefuna ukusifaka, kodwa baphazamiseka).
Ngezinye izikhathi inkumbulo yamanga ingase ingabi yingozi kangako: kuyinto eyodwa "ukukhumbula" ukuthi ukhohliwe ukondla ikati, futhi enye ukuziqinisekisa ukuthi wenze ubugebengu futhi wakha "izinkumbulo" ezinemininingwane yalokho okwenzekile. Iqembu lososayensi abavela eNyuvesi yase-Bedfordshire eNgilandi batadisha lezi zinhlobo zezinkumbulo.
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Kwenye yakhe babonisa ukuthi izinkumbulo ezingamanga zezinsolo zobugebengu azikho nje kuphela - zingadalwa ekuhloleni okulawulwayo. Ngemuva kwamaseshini amathathu enhlolokhono, u-70% wabahlanganyeli bocwaningo “wavuma” ukuthi bakhe ukuhlasela noma ukweba lapho besebasha futhi “bakhumbula” imininingwane “yamacala” abo.
Izinkumbulo ezingamanga ziyindawo entsha ethakaselwa ososayensi; akubona nje ososayensi bezinzwa kanye nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo, kodwa futhi nezazi zobugebengu ezibhekana nakho. Lesi sici senkumbulo yethu singasikhanyisela ukuthi kungani abantu benikeza ubufakazi bamanga futhi bazibeke engcupheni - azikho izinhloso ezimbi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngemuva kwalokhu.
Inkumbulo ihlotshaniswa nokucabanga nokusebenzelana komphakathi, ingalahleka, idalwe kabusha, yebiwe futhi isungulwe - mhlawumbe amaqiniso angempela ahlotshaniswa nenkumbulo yethu avele angabi ngaphansi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi athakazelise kakhulu, kunezinganekwane nemibono eyiphutha ngayo.
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Source: www.habr.com