Nakuba abaphathi, ezomnotho kanye nomthetho kuye kwahlala phakathi kwezindawo “eziphezulu” zokuqeqeshwa emanyuvesi iminyaka eminingi, muva nje udumo lwemisebenzi ye-IT lukhule ngokuphawulekayo. Abafakizicelo nabazali babo babhekene nombuzo iyiphi inyuvesi ongaya kuyo и ngobani okukhethekile?
Ingabe imfundo ephakeme ku-IT iyadingeka?
Angifuni nokuphakamisa lesi sihloko - amakhophi amaningi kangaka aphuliwe ngalolu daba ezingxoxweni zomphakathi wochwepheshe. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ngiyaqaphela ukuthi kunezindawo lapho ukuba khona "kombhoshongo" kuyimpoqo noma kunikeza izinzuzo ezengeziwe: ukusebenza njengonjiniyela (ukuklama i-telecom, izikhungo zedatha, njll.), ukusebenzela umbuso. amabhizinisi, ukufunda ngomshini wokufunda, ukuthuthela phesheya, ukubhalisa ohlelweni lwe-MBA, njll.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma uya ku 62% izikhala zohlelo azidingi imfundo ephakeme, kodwa - 61%. Futhi izisebenzi eziningi ze-IT zinemfundo engeyona eyinhloko - lelo yiqiniso.
Kodwa njengoba silapha, sizothatha ukuthi inketho yokwenza isikhethiwe.
Russia noma phesheya?
Iqiniso: imfundo yasekhaya idlula ezikhathini ezinzima, futhi amanyuvesi amaningi angaphandle (isibonelo, isiJalimane, isiFulentshi, iScandinavia) anikela ngemfundo ephakeme yamahhala noma cishe yamahhala emazingeni e-bachelor's, masters kanye ne-postgraduate. Kukhona izinketho ngokuqeqeshwa ngesiNgisi. Leli yithuba langempela lokuhamba futhi uhlale usebenza "emhlabeni wokuqala".
Izimo ezithile ziyahlukahluka kuye ngamazwe. Izithiyo eziyinhloko zabenzi bezicelo kungaba ulwazi oluncane lwezilimi zakwamanye amazwe kanye nokungakwazi ukukhokhela indawo yokuhlala (ebizayo).
Ngeshwa angibanga nalo ithuba lokuyofunda phesheya. Izindaba eziningi zempumelelo seziqoqwe kuma-hubs wendawo и .
Ngokuqhubekayo sizokhuluma kuphela ngamaqiniso aseRussia.
Ukukhetha inyuvesi
Ngo-2018, ngokusho kweYandex Atlas eRussia 344 Inyuvesi yamukele abafake izicelo emkhakheni we “Informatics and Computer Science”. Kodwa akuwona wonke amanyuvesi awusizo ngokulinganayo.
Okokuqala, udinga ukuzinqumela imibuzo eyisisekelo: ingabe usukulungele ukuthuthela kwelinye idolobha/isifunda? Ingabe inyuvesi inayo indawo yokulala? Ingabe sikhona isidingo "somnyango wezempi" (kusuka "isikhungo sokuqeqesha amasosha" ngo-2019)? Lokhu kuzonciphisa kakhulu inani lezinketho.
Ukufunda amazinga enyuvesi
Izilinganiso zikude neqiniso eliphelele, ngoba ayikho indlela ecacile yokunquma izinga lemfundo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphakathi enyuvesi kuhlala kunamakhono neminyango enamandla futhi ebuthaka. Nokho, kuyasiza ukubheka izilinganiso.
Okwamanye amazwe
Ukusuka emanyuvesi aseRussia kuya ekuqondeni kweComputer Science (, , ) yikhulu lokuqala kuphela elifakwe njalo . Kodwa ukufakwa ezilinganisweni ngokwako akukubi. Ngokuvamile zihlanganisa: , , , , , , , - amanyuvesi ahamba phambili ezweni.
IsiRussia
Kuwusizo kakhulu ukuzijwayeza amazinga ezikolo ze-Unified State Exam zokungena zezindawo onentshisekelo kuzo, isibonelo . Izilinganiso eziphezulu kakhulu ziqondana nezamazwe ngamazwe; phakathi kwezihamba phambili kufanele futhi zishiwo , , . Amanyuvesi afanayo angatholakala phezulu .
Ithola isimo nokungena ohlelweni futhi ikhombisa izinga eliphezulu lenyuvesi.
Amanyuvesi asohlwini “weligi enkulu” aziwa kakhulu abaqashi nezikhulu zabo zabasebenzi. Kodwa kunzima ukungena nokufunda khona.
Isifundo se-IBS
Ucwaningo oluthokozisayo lwenziwa ngo-2016 yi-Russian IT giant IBS: . Nasi isibonelo sesiqephu sedatha yesayithi ngokusho kweziqu ze-2015 zamanye amanyuvesi ezobuchwepheshe eMoscow:
► Ithebula: amaholo abaphothule amanyuvesi ezobuchwepheshe eMoscowIthebula libonisa isabelo salabo abaqashiwe kanye nenani elimaphakathi lezinkokhelo ngokushesha ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu.
| Inhlangano yezemfundo | Isabelo somsebenzi, %* | Umholo omaphakathi, ₽** |
| Moscow Aviation Institute | 80 | 57 693 |
| I-Moscow State Technical University eyaqanjwa ngo-N. E. Bauman | 85 | 66 722 |
| Moscow State University eqanjwe M.V. Lomonosov | 90 | 80 325 |
| Moscow State University of Food Production | 75 | 42 963 |
| Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics | 80 | 60 165 |
| I-Russian Technological University (MIREA+MITHT+MGUPI) | 75 | 50 792 |
| Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics | 75 | 52 629 |
| I-Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (inyuvesi yesifundazwe) | 100 | 104 450 |
| I-National Research Technological University "MISiS" | 80 | 51 450 |
| National Research University Higher School of Economics | 85 | 66 476 |
| National Research University "Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology" | 85 | 56 219 |
| I-National Research University "MPEI" | 75 | 58 332 |
| I-National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI" | 85 | 65 532 |
* - okwesikhathi esigcwele (isikhathi esigcwele), imfundo ephakeme yokuqala; ** - abathweswe iziqu ngo-2015 ngo-2016
Yiqiniso, iholo elinikeziwe "izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile esibhedlela," kodwa umehluko phakathi kwamanyuvesi ubonakala ngeso lenyama.
Inketho: inyuvesi "eqinile".
Izimpikiswano zokwamukelwa emanyuvesi aqhudelana kakhulu:
- amazinga aphezulu emfundo: kungcono ukuba umfundi we-C eMoscow State University kunomfundi omuhle kakhulu esikoleni sokwakha uthango;
- indawo ekhuthazayo: eyunivesithi enhle kuzodingeka ulwele ukuthola izinga eliphezulu, eyunivesithi embi, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuthathwa njengobuqhawe bokungafundi lutho futhi ngandlela-thile uphumelele ngebanga "eligculisayo";
- ukusungula ukuxhumana okuwusizo nabafana abanekhono;
- ukukhanga kwediploma kumqashi (okungenani lapho ufuna umsebenzi wokuqala noma wesibili).
Ububi:
- uma singakhulumi ngohlobo oluthile lwekhompiyutha eyi-supercomputer, izifundo ze-IT zingenziwa ngokuzimela ngokuzimela ngentshisekelo efanele;
- Kunzima kakhulu ukufaka isicelo, udinga ukulungiselela kusengaphambili;
- kuzothatha okuningi umdlwembe, ngaphandle kwalokho kulula ukundiza uphume.
Ngingancoma ukuthi izingane ezinethalente le-physics nezibalo zisazame ukungena enyuvesi ephakeme. Kodwa udinga ukucabangela ukuthi ezinye izingane zilungiselela ukungena eMoscow State University kusukela ebangeni lesi-9.
Inketho: inyuvesi "ejwayelekile".
Noma kunjalo, iningi lochwepheshe liqeqeshwe emanyuvesi alula. Uma umfundi, njengombhali wokuthunyelwe, engenazo izinkanyezi ezanele esibhakabhakeni, khona-ke inhloso yethu ukwamukelwa enyuvesi yemboni yezinga elihloniphekile.
Kungani amanyuvesi elenga izinwele ezindlebeni zawo?
Iqiniso: kule minyaka eyi-10 edlule, inani labafake izicelo ngo-40%. Isibalo sezikhala zesabelomali emanyuvesi naso sehlile, kodwa asikho kangako.
Ngenxa yalokho, amanyuvesi kufanele aqhudelane nabafake izicelo: adinga ukugcwalisa izindawo zesabelomali, ngaphandle kwalokho lezi zindawo zingase zinqanyulwe unyaka olandelayo, futhi kungaba kuhle ukubhalisa abafundi abakhokhayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo zokuncintisana, amanyuvesi kufanele afunde ukumaketha ukuthi ayakuthanda noma cha. Ngakho-ke, kungokwemvelo ukuthi kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni, futhi ngosuku oluvulekile, inyuvesi izocula izindumiso zayo - asikho isidingo sokuthatha konke okuzwile ngenani lobuso.
Izinketho ezingabazekayo
Iyiphi imfundo enenani elincane?
- izincwadi/ukufunda kude - izimo zokuphila zihlukile, kodwa uma unethuba lokufunda isikhathi esigcwele, kungcono ukuya esikhathini esigcwele (noma okungenani kusihlwa);
- okukhethekile okungagunyaziwe - akukho ukuhlehliswa ebuthweni + ithuba lokwamukela esikhundleni sombuso. idiploma kanye nediploma (uma wamukelwe uzoqinisekiswa ukuthi lolu hlelo luvele lusungulwe, futhi ukugunyazwa kuzotholwa maduze);
- isethi okuhlosiwe - akukubi, kodwa uma sikubeka kancane, akusiwona wonke umuntu: ngaphansi kwebanga eliphaseliwe, kodwa ngemva kokuphothula - ukunikezwa okuphoqelekile kwezinye izikhungo zocwaningo noma izikhungo zomthetho (= umholo ophansi);
- igatsha - njengomthetho, ibuthakathaka kakhulu kuneyunivesithi engumzali (uma kungeyona inyuvesi ehlobene, bheka ngezansi);
- hhayi inyuvesi yobuchwepheshe - njengoba nje amanyuvesi ezobuchwepheshe esegxile kakhulu ekuqeqesheni abameli nosomnotho, futhi okuphambene nalokho - amanyuvesi asiza abantu azama ukuqeqesha ochwepheshe be-IT; Kukhona okuhlukile okuhle, isibonelo, i-HSE ephezulu, okokuqala, yakha i-Faculty of Computer Science ngokubambisana ne-Yandex, futhi okwesibili, ku-2012 "yadla" inyuvesi enhle ye-IT, i-MIEM;
- inyuvesi yezohwebo (okungezona ekahulumeni). - amanyuvesi azimele ngokuvamile akhetha ukufundisa abameli kanye nabaxhasi bezimali; asikakazwa ngamanyuvesi azimele e-IT aqinile. Abanye, ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, ngokuvamile basebenza kumodi "yokubuya kanye njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha nencwadi yokurekhoda nemali". Bona enukayo .
Lezi akuzona izimfundiso: Yebo, udinga ukubheka isimo njalo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwenyuvesi
Ngokwehlukana, kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg eminyakeni yamuva ukuhlanganiswa okuningana kwamanyuvesi. Ezinye zazixakile - ngenxa nje yokusondela kwezindawo: isibonelo, izimayini nezimboni zaseMoscow State University of Humanities zaxhunywa ku-Institute of Steel and Alloys MISiS, kanti i-Chemical Institute of Chemical Technology yaxhunyaniswa ne-Institute of I-Radioelectronics and Automation (MIREA). Futhi, i-MGUPI eyenza izinsimbi ibe yingxenye ye-MIREA. I-HSE, ngemva kokuthatha i-MIEM Institute of Electronics and Mathematics, yathola izakhiwo zayo phakathi nendawo, futhi i-MIEM ngokwayo yathuthela emaphethelweni edolobha - eStrogino.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, "uphawu" luhlala luvela eyunivesithi "enamandla". Labo. ukungena egatsheni laseMytishchi le-MSTU. Bauman, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi eminyakeni emithathu edlule kwakuyiNyuvesi Yasehlathini.
Okukhethekile
Nakuba kungenzeka ngokuyisisekelo ukudlulisela kwesinye isipesheli, kungcono ukhethe okulungile ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzodingeka ukhokhe inqwaba "yezikweletu".
Ukukhetha okukhethekile kuhlotshaniswa nokukhetha komnyango wobuhlakani kanye neziqu. Kunoma iyiphi inyuvesi kunamakhono aqinile nabuthakathaka, ngakho ukukhetha unolwazi nakho kubalulekile lapha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhetha okukhethekile akusho ukukhetha kokugcina komsebenzi - ku-IT yonke into iyaguquguquka futhi ishintsha ngokushesha. Uchwepheshe uyaziswa, hhayi umsebenzi.
E-Russia, kukhona uhlelo Federal State Educational Standards (Federal State Educational Standards) okukhethekile ngamunye, ngesisekelo lapho amanyuvesi alungiselela izinhlelo zemfundo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona ezihlobene . Ngizamile ukuqhathanisa ubungcweti nobungcweti, kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile kuwukuqagela kwami.
| Ikhodi | Ikhodi endala | Okukhethekile | ~Umsebenzi |
| 09.03.01 | 230100 | I-Informatics kanye nobunjiniyela bekhompyutha | umhleli |
| 09.03.02 | 230400 | Izinhlelo zolwazi kanye nobuchwepheshe | umhleli, umlawuli wesistimu |
| 09.03.03 | 230700 | I-Informatics Esetshenzisiwe | umhleli, umhlaziyi (emkhakheni osetshenziswayo, isibonelo kwezomnotho) |
| 09.03.04 | 231000 | Ubunjiniyela Besoftware | umklami-zinhlelo |
| 01.03.02 | 010400 | Izibalo ezisetshenziswayo nesayensi yekhompyutha | umhlaziyi, umhleli |
| 01.03.04 | 231300 | Izibalo Ezisetshenziswayo | umhlaziyi |
| 01.03.05 | Izibalo | umhlaziyi | |
| 02.03.01 | 010200 | Izibalo kanye Nesayensi Yekhompyutha | isazi sezibalo, umhleli |
| 02.03.02 | 010300 | Isayensi yekhompyutha eyisisekelo kanye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi | umhleli, umhlaziyi |
| 02.03.03 | 010500 | Isoftware nokuphathwa kwezinhlelo zolwazi | Umklami, umhlaziyi |
| 10.03.01 | 090900 | Ukuphepha Kolwazi | uchwepheshe wezokuphepha kolwazi |
| 38.03.05 | 080500 | Ibhizinisi Informatics | umhlaziyi, umphathi we-IT |
| 15.03.04 | 220700 | Ukuzenzakalela kwezinqubo zobuchwepheshe nokukhiqiza | ukukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo |
| 11.03.02 | Ubuchwepheshe be-Infocommunication kanye nezinhlelo zokuxhumana | unjiniyela we-telecom, umqondisi wesistimu | |
| 27.03.04 | 220400 | Ukulawula ezinhlelweni zobuchwepheshe | ukukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo, unjiniyela wesistimu yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo |
Okukhethekile kugqagqana ngokwengxenye, futhi umehluko phakathi kwakho kunzima ukukuqonda, ngisho noma ufunda i-Federal State Educational Standard. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inyuvesi ikhululekile ukushintsha ingxenye eguquguqukayo yohlelo ibheke kokunye ukuchema. Endaweni ethile kunezibalo eziningi, endaweni ethile kukhona ama-algorithms, endaweni ethile kukhona umkhuba owengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubheka imininingwane yendawo yezinhlelo nekomidi lokwamukelwa.
Ngeshwa, angikwazanga ukuthola umhlahlandlela ofanele we-IT wokuqondisa umsebenzi. Uma kukhona oke wahlangana nayo, sicela wabelane.
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Uchwepheshe noma iziqu zeBachelor?
Kanye nohlelo olusha lwe-"Bologna": iminyaka engu-4 ye-bachelor's degree + 2 iminyaka ye-master's degree, i-Soviet specialty yeminyaka engu-5-5.5 iyaqhubeka ikhona. Eqinisweni, ngeke ngisho ukuthi yikuphi okungcono. Ngenkathi iziqu ze-bachelor ziqala ukuvela eminyakeni engaba ngu-10 edlule, amanyuvesi ayejahile ukulungisa izinhlelo ze-bachelor, ekhipha izinhlelo zakudala zochwepheshe, ngokuvamile ezisika ngokushesha. Manje, ngithemba, isimo sesibuyele kokujwayelekile futhi ungakwazi ukuya ngokuphepha ku-bachelor degree, ikakhulukazi njengoba okukhethekile kuba yinto yesikhathi esidlule. Iziqu ze-bachelor zihambisana nohlelo lwezemfundo lwase-Europe, futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ulungise okukhethekile kwakho ngokubhalisa kuhlelo lwenkosi yaseRussia noma yangaphandle. Iziqu zeBachelor zihlukaniswe "zezemfundo" kanye "nezisetshenziswa" - ekugcineni, amahora ambalwa anikelwe "kusisekelo" nokunye okwengeziwe okuzokwenziwa. Ukuzijwayeza kuhle, kodwa akulona iqiniso ukuthi inyuvesi izokwazi ukukunikeza ngezinga elifanele, futhi isisekelo singase sibe usizo ngeziqu ze-master.
Ngabe ngizoba uchwepheshe ofunwayo ngemuva kwediploma yami?
Lona umbuzo omuhle okufanele uzibuze wona, okungenani kusukela onyakeni wesithathu. Impendulo: Kuncike kakhulu kumfundi kunasenyuvesi.
Kuyafiseleka kakhulu ukuthi ngokuthweswa iziqu ube namakhono athile asebenzayo angatholwa ngezifundo ezengeziwe nama-internship. Ngokuvamile amanyuvesi abambisana namabhizinisi - umqashi "ukhula" uchwepheshe ngokwakhe. Ezimweni zamanje ze-demographic hole, ngisho ne-Yandex ne-Mail.Ru abakwazi ukukhokhela "ukuqasha abantu abadala kuphela," ngakho bafuna abaqeqeshwayo. Ungesabi ukuzama ukuthola umsebenzi futhi ungesabi ukushintsha umsebenzi wakho wokuqala uma ungawuthandi.
Ngizobalula ngokwehlukana ukubaluleka kokufunda isiNgisi. Bhalisela izifundo zesiNgisi - futhi lokhu, kuzokuvulela izifundo ze-MOOC ezivela emanyuvesi angaphandle.
Mayelana nokusebenza kwezemfundo: kuyihlazo, kodwa abaqashi ababheki iqiniso lokuthi une-diploma "ehloniphekile", kodwa noma kunjalo isilinganiso samaphuzu webanga elihle (GPA) singadingeka lapho ufaka isicelo kuhlelo lwenkosi yangaphandle.
Yenzele lokho!
Okuningi ngesihloko:
Abasebenzisi ababhalisiwe kuphela abangabamba iqhaza kuhlolovo. , wamukelekile.
Nina enithweswe iziqu, ingabe ukufunda enyuvesi kwanisiza emsebenzini wenu wesikhathi esizayo?
-
Yebo
-
Kuphela ekuqaleni
-
No
Bangu-147 abasebenzisi abavotile. Abasebenzisi abangu-33 bayenqaba.
Baqashi, ingabe ukuba nemfundo ephakeme kuyawenza umehluko uma niqasha inhlangano yenu?
-
Yebo, siqasha kuphela abantu abanemfundo ephakeme eyisipesheli
-
Yebo, siqasha kuphela abantu abaneziqu zemfundo ephakeme, kuyenzeka ngomfundi ongeyena umqoka
-
Ukuba nemfundo ephakeme kuyinto efiselekayo
-
Cha, asikubheki nhlobo
Bangu-79 abasebenzisi abavotile. Abasebenzisi abangu-80 bagobile.
Imaphi amanyuvesi aseRussia ocabanga ukuthi ahamba phambili ezweni kwisayensi yekhompiyutha (ungathanda ukuqasha abaphothule)?
-
Okunye
-
Moscow State University
-
ISaint Petersburg State University
-
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (Phystech)
-
Petersburg University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO)
-
Isikole Samabanga Aphakeme Sezomnotho
-
Inyuvesi yaseTomsk Polytechnic
-
Tomsk State University
-
I-Novosibirsk State University
-
I-Moscow State Technical University ebizwa ngokuthi. N. E. Bauman
-
Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
-
Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys
-
St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University "LETI"
-
Moscow Aviation Institute
-
Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
-
I-Ural Federal University
-
I-Nizhny Novgorod State University ebizwa ngokuthi. N. I. Lobachevsky
-
I-South Federal University
-
I-Siberian Federal University
-
I-Far Eastern Federal University
-
Petersburg Polytechnic University
-
Inyuvesi yaseSamara
-
I-Baltic Federal University
-
Inyuvesi yaseNingizimu Ural State
-
ITyumen State University
Bangu-87 abasebenzisi abavotile. Abasebenzisi abangu-95 bagobile.
Source: www.habr.com