Ubuvila nokusebenza ngokweqile - mayelana ne-IT kanye nemboni yaseShayina kusukela ngaphakathi

Izithombe: Anton Areshin

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, inqolobane yaseShayina yaduma ku-GitHub 996.ICU. Esikhundleni sekhodi, iqukethe izikhalazo mayelana nezimo zokusebenza kanye nesikhathi esengeziwe esingekho emthethweni. Igama ngokwalo libhekisele kumemo yonjiniyela baseShayina ngomsebenzi wabo: “Kusuka kweyisishagalolunye kuye kweyisishiyagalolunye, izinsuku eziyisithupha ngeviki, bese kuya ekunakekelweni okukhulu” (Sebenza ngo-'996', abagulayo e-ICU). Noma ubani angazibophezela endaweni yokugcina uma eqinisekisa indaba yakhe ngezithombe-skrini zamadokhumenti angaphakathi kanye nezincwadi.

Uma kwenzeka uqaphele I-Verge futhi yathola izindaba zangaphakathi mayelana nezimo zokusebenza ezinkampanini ezinkulu ze-IT zezwe - i-Alibaba, i-Huawei, i-Tencent, i-Xiaomi nezinye. Cishe ngokushesha, lezi zinkampani zaqala ukuvimba ukufinyelela kwazo ku-996.ICU, ngaphandle kokuphendula ukuphawula kwabezindaba bakwamanye amazwe.

Angazi ukuthi yini ejwayeleke ukwedlula lezi zindaba, kanye nendlela esisabela ngayo kuzo: “Ingabe amaShayina akhononda nge-GitHub? Kulungile, maduze bazoyivimba bazenzele eyabo." Sijwayele ukuthi yilokhu kuphela abakubhalayo ngeChina - ukuvimba, ukucwaninga, amakhamera, izilinganiso zomphakathi a la "Black Mirror", ukushushiswa kwama-Uyghur, ukuxhashazwa kwesihogo, amahlazo angenangqondo nge-memes mayelana noWinnie the Pooh, nokunye umbuthano.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iChina ihlinzeka umhlaba wonke ngezimpahla. Izinkampani ezinkulu ezigxeka ukungakhululeki zizimisele ukukhohlwa imigomo yazo ukuze nje zingene emakethe yaseShayina. I-China inomkhakha onamandla kakhulu kanye nemboni ye-IT, futhi i-astronautics iyathuthuka lapho. AmaShayina acebile acekela phansi izimakethe zemizi eCanada naseNew Zealand, athenge yonke into nganoma yiliphi inani. Amafilimu nezincwadi zesiShayina eziza kithi zinhle kakhulu.

Lokhu ukuphikisana okuthakazelisayo (inhlanganisela?). Ezweni lapho iqiniso liye lafa ekugcineni ngaphansi kwemibese yemibono, kubonakala kungenakwenzeka ukuqonda umongo ogcwele walokho iChina ngempela. Ngaphandle kokuba nethemba lokukuthola, ngikhulume nabantu abambalwa asebehlale futhi basebenza lapho isikhathi eside - nje ukwengeza imibono embalwa kumgcinimafa.

Isitshudeni esiphambili ngokumelene nekhodi yeshit

U-Artem Kazakov usehlale e-China iminyaka eyisithupha futhi usebenzela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Frontind. Uvela e-Angarsk esifundeni sase-Irkutsk. Kuze kube yibanga lesi-9, u-Artem wafunda esikoleni esinesifundo esijulile solimi lwesiNgisi, kodwa phakathi ne-semester wanquma ngokuzumayo ukushintsha indlela futhi athuthele e-lyceum ye-polytechnic. Lapho bamphatha ngokungabaza - babengafuni ukuthatha umuntu esikoleni sokusiza abantu.

Ngemva konyaka, wawina uhambo oluya e-USA ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-FLEX, okwesihlanu kuwo wonke umlando we-lyceum.

U-Artem uphinde waguqula ukulangazelela kwakhe izilimi - washintsha izilimi zemvelo ngezilimi zokuhlela, nesiNgisi wasifaka isiShayina. “Ngeminyaka yawo-2010 akekho owamangala ngolwazi lwami lwesiNgisi, ngase ngingena eDalian Pedagogical University ukuze ngenze izifundo zesiShayina. Ngemva kokuthatha izifundo iminyaka emibili, ngaphumelela ukuhlolwa kwe-HSK (okufana ne-IELTS, TOEFL) ngezinga elanele ukungena enyuvesi ngeziqu ze-bachelor,” usho kanje.

Ngemuva kukaDalian, u-Artem wathuthela eWuhan, eSifundazweni saseHubei, wangena eWuhan University, endaweni yesishiyagalombili ezikhundleni zamanyuvesi eChina. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ufunda e-Angarsk University ngokubhalelana futhi ngoJuni uzovikela amadiploma amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa.

U-Artem uhlala eChina nge-visa yabafundi, futhi ukusebenza kuyo, noma ukude, akukho emthethweni ngokuphelele. “E-China, kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenza nge-visa yokufunda, kodwa kufanele usinde,” kusho yena, “mina ngokwami ​​ngifundise abafundi be-TOEFL kanye ne-IELTS iminyaka eminingana, eDalian naseWuhan. Kukhona inketho yokusebenza njengamamodeli noma ama-bartenders, kodwa kuyingozi kakhulu. Uma ubanjwe kanye, uzohlawuliswa izinkulungwane ezinhlanu zamayuan kanye nezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu ngumqashi wakho. Okwesibili ukuxoshwa, futhi kwezinye izimo kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziyishumi nanhlanu kanye nesitembu esimnyama (awukwazi ukungena eChina iminyaka emihlanu). Ngakho-ke, akekho lapha odinga ukwazi ngomsebenzi wami ukude. Kodwa noma bengathola, angiyithathi imali kumaShayina, angiphuli mthetho, ngakho-ke ayikho inkinga ngalokho.”

Ngonyaka wakhe wesibili enyuvesi, u-Artem waqeda i-internship enkampanini yaseChina ye-IT. Bekunomkhuba omningi; bekufanele ngithayiphe amakhasi e-HTML usuku nosuku. Uthi le misebenzi ibiyisicefe, ingekho imilingo ngemuva, azikho izixazululo ezintsha ngaphambili. Wayefuna ukuthola ulwazi, kodwa washeshe wahlangana nezinto ezingavamile zendawo: “AmaShayina asebenza ngohlelo oluthakazelisa kakhulu - umsebenzi uza wephrojekthi, futhi awawunqamuli ube izingxenye ezincane, awawuboli, kodwa athathe nje. it futhi ukwenze. Bekuvame ukuba nezimo lapho abathuthukisi ababili abahlukene bebhala imodyuli efanayo ngokuhambisana. ”

Kungokwemvelo ukuthi kunomncintiswano omkhulu wezindawo eChina. Futhi kubonakala sengathi onjiniyela bendawo abanaso isikhathi sokufunda izinto ezintsha nezithuthukile ukuze babe wusizo - kunalokho, babhala ngokushesha okukhulu kulokho abanakho:

“Benza umsebenzi osezingeni eliphansi, banekhodi eningi, kodwa ngandlela thile yonke into iyasebenza, futhi kuyamangaza. Kukhona abasebenzi abaningi lapho, nezixazululo eziphelelwe yisikhathi, uma kubhekwa i-JS. Angizange ngibone abathuthukisi bezama ukufunda okuthile okusha. Uma sikhuluma nje, sifunde i-PHP, i-SQL, i-JS, futhi sibhala konke okukuyo, sisebenzisa i-jQuery ngaphambili. Ngenhlanhla, u-Evan Yu wafika, futhi amaShayina ashintshela ku-Vue ngaphambili. Kodwa lolu hlelo alusheshanga.”

Ngo-2018, ngemuva kokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi enkampanini eyodwa, u-Artem wamenywa kwenye ukuze enze isicelo esincane ku-WeChat. “Akekho owake wezwa nge-ES6 ku-javascript. Akekho owayazi ngemisebenzi yomcibisholo noma ukuphazamisa. Yona kanye isitayela sokubhala senza izinwele ekhanda lami zaphela.” Kuzo zombili izinkampani, u-Artem wachitha isikhathi esiningi ehlela ikhodi yonjiniyela wangaphambilini, futhi kuphela lapho ebuyisela yonke into evamile lapho eqala khona umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala. Kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana, waphinde wathola izingcezu ezifanayo ayezilungisile zonakele.

"Nakuba ngangingeyena onolwazi kakhulu, nganquma ukushintsha kusuka ku-code.aliyun kuya ku-GitHub, ngaqala ukubuyekeza ikhodi ngokwami ​​futhi ngiyithumele kumthuthukisi ukuze ngisebenze kabusha uma ngingathandi okuthile. Ngibatshelile abaphathi ukuthi uma befuna isicelo sabo sisebenze ngendlela abebehlose ngayo, kumele bangethembe. Ukuhola kwezobuchwepheshe kwakunganelisekile ngokwedlulele, kodwa ngemva kweviki lokuqala lomsebenzi, wonke umuntu wabona inqubekelaphambili, imvamisa yokuthumela ikhodi enenani elincane leziphazamisi kubasebenzisi be-WeChat, futhi wonke umuntu wavuma ukuqhubeka. Onjiniyela baseShayina bahlakaniphile, kodwa bathanda ukubhala ngendlela abake bafunda ngayo futhi, ngeshwa, abalweli ukufunda okuthile okusha, futhi uma befunda, kunzima kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside.”

Ngokulandelayo, azikho izimanga ku-backend. Njengathi, u-Artem uthole izilimi ze-Java no-C njengezidume kakhulu. Futhi njengalapha nje, ukusebenza ku-IT kuyindlela esheshayo nengenabungozi yokungena esigabeni esimaphakathi. Imiholo, ngokusho kokubona kwakhe, iyahlukahluka phakathi kwesibalo esiphezulu seRussian Federation kanye nesilinganiso e-USA, naphezu kokuthi ungaphila kahle ngokwesilinganiso saseMoscow izinkulungwane eziyikhulu zama-ruble ngenyanga. "Abasebenzi abalungile bayaziswa lapha, udinga nje ukuthi udlule futhi ubambelele endaweni yakho, kungenjalo uzoshintshwa."

Lokho abathuthukisi abakhala ngakho ku-996.ICU, u-Artem uyaqinisekisa: "Iziqalo eziqala ukwenza imali zihlala ekuthuthukisweni imini nobusuku. Izinkampani eziningi zihlinzeka ngamahhovisi ngezindawo zokulala. Konke lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthi kwenziwe okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi kuqedelwe esikuhlelile ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kujwayelekile kakhulu eChina. Isikhathi esengeziwe saphakade kanye namaviki amade okusebenza.”

Umphathi wokukhiqiza ngokumelene nobuvila

“Ukusho ukuthi amaShayina angabantu abampofu kangaka, asebenza ngokweqile... kodwa azizwa ephilile,” kusho u-Ivan Surkov, umphathi wezokukhiqiza e-Tion eChina, “kimi kubonakala sengathi izindaba eziphathelene nendlela amaShayina aphoqelelwa ngayo ukuba abe izigqila ezimbonini. -izimo ezinjengalezi ziyizinganekwane nje ukuze zidicilele phansi izinkampani ezizikhiqizela zona. Angikakayiboni nelilodwa ibhizinisi lapho bekunomsebenzi wesihogo. Cishe lokhu kubonakala kubantu baseYurophu abaye baphila ukuphila kwabo konke edolobheni lapho yonke into ipholile, ihlanzekile, izindlela ezigandaywe ngamatshe - bese beza bezobona ukuthi abantu bahlezi kanjani efektri kusukela ekuseni kuze kube kusihlwa.”

U-Ivan uye wabona lokhu nsuku zonke iminyaka eminingana manje, kodwa wafika e-China evela e-Ivanovo - indawo lapho kungeyona yonke into epholile futhi ehlanzekile. Eminyakeni eyisithupha edlule waqala ukufunda ulimi esikoleni sabafokazi enyuvesi. Manje u-Ivan usebenzela inkampani yaseRussia ekhiqiza imishini yokuphefumula ehlakaniphile eChina. Uya emabhizinisini nemibhalo yakhe, futhi athatha izintambo zokukhiqiza. U-Ivan ukhipha ama-oda, aqaphe ukubulawa kwawo, axazulule izimo zokungqubuzana, uya kosonkontileka futhi ulawula yonke into ehlobene nokukhiqizwa kwezinkontileka. Futhi uma mina, ngifunda mayelana nesikhathi esengeziwe saphakade, ngicabanga ukuzikhandla okuzidelayo, khona-ke u-Ivan uthi nsuku zonke ulwa nobuvila baseShayina.

“Isibonelo, ngiza kumphathi osiza amakhasimende okufanele asebenze nami kuyo yonke le mboni. Udinga nje ukwehlela esitezi sokuqala, angene esakhiweni esilandelayo futhi akhulume amazwi ambalwa kubantu. Kodwa iqala ngokuthi: “Woza, hamba wena.” Damn, awenzanga lutho njengamanje, ugqolozele imonitha, yehla ezinqeni! Cha, angathanda ukuthola omunye umuntu. Futhi ngakho konke - ukuphoqa amaShayina ukuthi asebenze - adinga ukuphoqwa ngempela. Ungafinyelela esivumelwaneni nabo, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi udinga ukuqiniseka ukuthi awukhohliswa. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kufanele uze ubeke ingcindezi, ube ne-hysterical, uthi ngeke wamukele izimpahla, ukuthi zizolahlekelwa yimali. Ukuze zinyakaze, udinga ukuthonya njalo.”

Bekungesikho okokuqala ngizwa izinto ezinjena, futhi bekuhlale kungixaka: ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubudedengu, ubuchwepheshe obudala, ikhodi ye-shitty - kodwa ngokuhamba kweminyaka, i-China ithatha indawo yayo yonke imboni ye-inthanethi futhi ikhiqiza. amasevisi angasekela izigidigidi zabasebenzisi. Abantu bakhuluma ngobuvila nokungafuni ukusebenza - kodwa endaweni eyodwa izinsuku zamahora ayishumi nambili namasonto okusebenza ezinsuku eziyisithupha kuyinsakavukela. U-Ivan ukholelwa ukuthi akukho ukuphikisana kulokhu:

"Yebo - bayasebenza, kodwa hhayi kanzima. Isikhathi nje esiningi, hhayi ikhwalithi. Basebenza amahora ayisishiyagalombili bese kulandela amane. Futhi lawo mahora akhokhelwa ngenani elihlukile. Empeleni, kuwukuzithandela-kuyimpoqo, futhi yindlela wonke umuntu asebenza ngayo. Banenketho yokungezi kusihlwa, kodwa imali yimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma usendaweni lapho lokhu kujwayelekile, kusho ukuthi kujwayelekile kuwe.

Futhi ijubane lokukhiqiza liyibhande lokuthutha. UHenry Ford uphinde wathola ukuthi konke kufanele kusebenze kanjani. Futhi uma abasebenzi bakho beqeqeshiwe, khona-ke lena imiqulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaShayina awesabi ukutshala imali; anesibindi kulokhu. Futhi uma betshale imali, bathola konke abangakwenza ngakho.”

Ubani ongaphila kahle eChina?

Manje u-Ivan uhlala edolobheni laseShenzhen - le ndawo ibizwa ngokuthi "i-Chinese Silicon Valley". Leli dolobha lincane, cishe lineminyaka engamashumi amane ubudala, kodwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi lithuthuke ngesivinini esikhulu. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyishumi manje bahlala eShenzhen. Idolobha lisolwandle, muva nje kunezigodi ezimbili ezinkulu kakhulu ezivela kwezinye izifundazwe, ebeziyizimboni ngokuphelele, zengezwe kulo, futhi kwakhiwa esinye sezindiza ezinhle kakhulu eChina. U-Ivan uthi indawo yakhe ilungiswa ngenkuthalo, endala iyabhidlizwa futhi kwakhiwa nezakhiwo ezintsha. Lapho efika lapho, kwakunokwakhiwa okuqhubekayo nxazonke, izinqwaba zazifakwa nje. Phakathi neminyaka emibili, abathuthukisi baqala ukuletha izindlu eziqediwe.

Cishe wonke ama-electronics aseShayina (ngaphandle, isibonelo, i-Lenovo) enziwa lapha. Isitshalo se-Foxconn sitholakala lapha - imboni enkulu yokuhlanganisa i-electronics lapho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kukhiqizwa imishini ye-Apple. U-Ivan utshele ukuthi umngane wakhe waya kanjani kulesi sitshalo, futhi abamvumelanga ukuba angene. “Ubathakasela kuphela uma u-oda okungenani omakhalekhukhwini abayisigidi ngonyaka. Lokhu ubuncane - nje ukukhuluma nabo."

E-China, cishe yonke into imayelana nebhizinisi, futhi maningi amabhizinisi enkontileka amancane namancane e-Shenzhen. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhona amabhizinisi ambalwa agcwele umjikelezo phakathi kwawo. “Komunye benza ama-electronics nama-compounds, kowesibili baphonsa ipulasitiki, bese kuthi kowesithathu benze okunye, okweshumi bayakuhlanganisa. Okusho ukuthi, hhayi njengoba sijwayele eRussia, lapho kukhona amabhizinisi agcwele umjikelezo ongadingi muntu. Akusebenzi kanjalo emhlabeni wanamuhla,” kusho u-Ivan.

I-Shenzhen inesimo sezulu esifudumele futhi, ngokungafani nenyakatho yezwe, kunezimoto eziningi zikagesi lapho. Zonke, njengezimoto ezijwayelekile ezinezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, zitholakala kakhulu endaweni. “E-China benza izimoto ezipholile ngempela - Gili, BYD, Donfon - ziningi ngempela izinhlobo zezimoto. Okuningi kunalokho okumelelwe eRussia. Kimina kubonakala sengathi i-slag ethunyelwa eRussia ayithengiswa ngisho lapha, ngaphandle mhlawumbe kwenye indawo entshonalanga yeChina. Lapha, empumalanga, okuyikho konke ekukhiqizeni, uma imoto isiShayina, iyafaneleka. Upulasitiki omuhle, ingaphakathi, izihlalo zesikhumba, izinqe eziphuma umoya nakho konke okufunayo.”

Bobabili u-Artem no-Ivan bathi i-China ikulungele kakhulu ukuphila kunalokho ababekucabanga ngaphambi kokufika: “I-PRC inakho konke umuntu ovamile waseRussia angase akudinge. Ijimu, amachibi okubhukuda, izindawo zokudlela, izitolo ezinkulu, izitolo. Ngezimpelasonto, siphuma nabangane siyoshaywa umoya, siye ebhayisikobho, ngezinye izikhathi siye endaweni yokucima ukoma, noma siye emvelweni,” kusho u-Artem, “Kumane kuwukulindela ukuthi ukudla kwaseShayina kumnandi - kimina kwakuyi-fiasco. Ngemva kokuhlala eChina iminyaka eyisithupha, ngiye ngathola ukudla okumbalwa kwaseShayina engikuthandayo, ngisho nalezo ezicishe zifane nokudla kwaseNtshonalanga.”

U-Ivan uthi: “Izinto eziningi esizaziyo ngeChina zinehaba kakhulu.” “Awuzizwa ngempela ukuchichima kwabantu lapha. Sengihlale eShayina iminyaka eyisithupha futhi manje ngabona indlela umuntu aphushela ngayo umuntu esitimeleni esingaphansi komhlaba. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, bengihlala eBeijing, ngisendleleni engaphansi komhlaba futhi bengingakaze ngikubone okufana nalokhu - yize iBeijing iyidolobha elinabantu abaningi. Sihlale sibonisa lokhu kudlala kumabonakude, bathi, eShayina lokhu kuyinto evamile. Futhi ngabona lokhu okokuqala eminyakeni eyisithupha, kuphela e-Shenzhen ngehora lokugijima! Futhi lokhu akulona ukhahlo njengoba besho. Isigamu sehora futhi sekuphelile - ngeke usasibona isixuku."

Inkululeko yinhle noma yimbi

Kodwa abafana babehlukene emibonweni yabo mayelana nokucwaninga okudumile kanye nenkululeko. Ngokubona kuka-Artyom, izilinganiso zomphakathi zingena kuwo wonke amagumbi aseChina. “Manje usungakwazi ukuhlangana nabantu abangakwazi ukuthenga ithikithi lendiza noma ithikithi lesitimela lekilasi elihle ngenxa yezinga eliphansi. Ziningi izindlela zokwandisa isilinganiso sakho. Kukhona isicelo lapho amaShayina engakwazi ukuhlehlisa umakhelwane wawo ongekho emthethweni futhi athole umvuzo omuhle ngakho. Ukuthinta okumbalwa esikrinini sefoni futhi yilokho. Ngibheja kusiza izilinganiso futhi. Noma, kwanele ukuthi umShayina avele acabange ukuthi umakhelwane wakhe wangaphandle akasebenzi nge-visa yomsebenzi, futhi ngokushesha amaphoyisa afika nokuhlolwa, ”kusho u-Artem.

U-Ivan akakaze ahlangabezane namacala anjalo, noma ngokuvamile ngokunganeliseki nokungabi nandaba. “Abantu bavele baqhathanise lokhu neBlack Mirror, bathanda ukufihla yonke into, bafuna ukubona okubi kuphela kunoma yimuphi umzamo wokulungisa okuthile. Futhi mhlawumbe ukulinganiswa komphakathi akuyona into embi,” usho kanje.

“Ngicabanga ukuthi manje yonke into iyavivinywa nje, uma sekuya kubantu ngoxhaso lomthetho, sizobona. Kodwa nginomuzwa wokuthi lokhu ngeke kukushintshe ngokuphelele ukuphila. Kunezinhlobo eziningi nje zezinhlobo ezahlukene zabakhohlisi eShayina. Ngokwenkolelo evamile, bathanda ukukhohlisa abantu bangaphandle kuphela - empeleni, namaShayina. Ngicabanga ukuthi lolu hlelo luhloselwe ukwenza impilo ibe ngcono kuwo wonke umuntu. Kodwa ukuthi kuzoqalwa kanjani esikhathini esizayo umbuzo. Ummese ungasika isinkwa ubulale umuntu.”

Ngaso leso sikhathi, u-Ivan wathi akasebenzisi ingxenye yendawo ye-inthanethi - ngaphandle kokuthi mhlawumbe i-Baidu, elingana nendawo ye-Google, nomsebenzi kuphela. Njengoba ehlala eChina, uyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-Internet ngolimi lwesiRashiya. U-Artem uyayisebenzisa, kodwa ukholelwa ukuthi i-inthanethi yaseShayina ihlolwe ngokuphelele.

“Kwaqala ngezinga elikhulu ngo-2014, lapho i-Google ivinjelwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, izishoshovu zaseShayina, isibonelo, i-AiWeiWei, zathumela ku-Twitter lonke iqiniso ngempilo yaseChina. Kwakukhona icala: ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka eShayina, futhi njengoba belondoloza imali ekwakhiweni kwezikole, kwakukhona abantu abaningi abalimala. Uhulumeni wafihla inani langempela labashonile.

I-IWeiWei yayiyi-hyper futhi yakha uhlelo - yabheka abazali bazo zonke izisulu zenhlekelele ukuze itshele umhlaba mayelana nesimo sangempela sezinto. Abaningi balandela isibonelo sakhe futhi baqala ukuthumela izindaba kuwebhu yomhlaba wonke. Konke lokhu kwafika ezindlebeni zikahulumeni, base beqala ukuvimba iGoogle, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram kanye nezingosi eziningi engizidingayo manje ukuze ngithuthukise amakhono ami njengonjiniyela weFrontend.

Ibukeka kanjani i-inthanethi yamaShayina?

Bengilindele ukuthi isivinini se-inthanethi sizofana okungenani nesezweni lakithi, kodwa cha - i-inthanethi ihamba kancane. Futhi, ukuze uphequlule ngokukhululekile noma yimaphi amasayithi udinga i-VPN.

Cishe ngo-2015, ama-analogue aseShayina ezinsizakalo zakwamanye amazwe aqala ukudalwa ezweni. Ukusakazwa kwevidiyo ye-Jibo kwakudume kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Noma yikuphi okuqukethwe kwathunyelwa lapho, amaShayina akuthandile, futhi imali yayingenziwa lapho. Kodwa-ke, kamuva kwavela isevisi - i-DouIn (Tik Tok), "esayalanda". Imvamisa, okuqukethwe kukopishwa kuma-analogue angaphandle futhi kuboniswe ku-DouYin. Njengoba iningi lamaShayina lingakwazi ukuthola izinsiza zakwamanye amazwe, akekho osola ukukopela.

I-TuDou ne-YoKu (ama-analogue e-YouTube) awadumile, njengoba lezi zinsizakalo zikahulumeni, kukhona ukucwaninga okuningi - ayikho inkululeko yokudala.

Ngeke udideke nezithunywa ezisheshayo e-China - kukhona i-WeChat ne-QQ. Lokhu kokubili izithunywa ezisheshayo kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana. Kube khona eminye imizamo yokwenza okufanayo, kodwa i-QQ ne-Wechat zisetshenziswa cishe u-90% yenani eliphelele lamaShayina. Inkinga yesibili wukuhlolwa futhi. Konke kufanele kulawulwe. Zombili izinhlelo zokusebenza zidalwe ngu-Tencent.

I-QQ ifaneleka kakhulu abafundi ngoba iyisevisi enhle kakhulu yokubamba amafayela. I-WeChat inomsebenzi okuvumela ukuthi ukhokhele izinsiza, uthenge amathikithi endiza, amathikithi esitimela, futhi uthenge notamatisi kugogo waseShayina emgwaqweni obukeka eneminyaka engu-170 ubudala futhi umkhokhele usebenzisa i-WeChat. Kukhona enye isevisi yokwenza izinkokhelo - i-AliPay (Jifubao), futhi ungakwazi ukuxhumana nabangani lapho.

“Ngicabanga ukuthi amaShayina aphila kahle, nakuba wonke ekhala ngokuthi awakhululekile,” kusho u-Ivan, “acabanga ukuthi isizinda senkululeko sisendaweni ethile entshonalanga. Kodwa kuhlale kukuhle lapho singekho. Kunenqwaba yezihloko ku-inthanethi mayelana nobushiqela e-China namakhamera yonke indawo. Kodwa idolobha elinamakhamera amaningi yiLondon. Futhi ukukhuluma ngeChina ngale ndlela kuyinkulumo-ze emsulwa.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Ivan uyavuma ukuthi iChina inohlelo oluqinile lwezokuphepha: “AmaShayina aphethe ayaqonda ukuthi abantu abanakunikwa inkululeko, ngaphandle kwalokho azoqala ukushisana kakhulu aze adale isihogo. Ngakho-ke, umphakathi uqashwe ngeso lokhozi.” Futhi izinto ezintsha eziningi zobuchwepheshe, ngokusho kuka-Ivan, ziyadingeka ukuze kusheshiswe izinqubo ezweni elinabantu abaningi. Isibonelo, amakhadi amaphasipoti kagesi, izinhlelo zokukhokha kuzithunywa ezisheshayo, namakhodi atholakala yonke indawo e-QR ayadingeka ngokunembile kulokhu.

“Eqinisweni, eChina abantu baphathwa ngobuntu. Endingilizini engixhumana kuyo - laba ngabaqondisi bezinkampani, abasebenzi abajwayelekile kanye nonjiniyela basemahhovisi - konke kuhamba kahle ngabo."

Inqubo kanye ne-bureaucracy emgwaqeni oya ku-WeChat

Esikhathini esingangonyaka esidlule, iDodo Pizza yamemezela ukuthi izokwethula i-pizzeria engena-cashier eChina. Zonke izinkokhelo lapho kufanele zidlule ku-WeChat, kodwa kube nzima kakhulu ukwenza lokhu ngaphandle kwaseChina. Ziningi izingibe kule nqubo, futhi imibhalo esemqoka ikhona ngesiShayina kuphela.

Ngakho-ke, kuma-diploma akhe amabili, u-Artem wengeza nomsebenzi wakude weDodo. Kodwa ukufaka uhlelo lwabo lokusebenza ku-WeChat kube yindaba ende.

“Ukuze uvule iwebhusayithi eRussia, udinga nje ukuvula iwebhusayithi. Ukusingatha, isizinda futhi ngaphandle kwakho. E-China yonke into iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ake sithi udinga ukudala isitolo esiku-inthanethi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthenga iseva, kodwa iseva ayikwazi ukubhaliswa egameni lomuntu wangaphandle. Kumele ufune umngani waseShayina ukuze akunikeze umazisi wakhe, ubhalise kuwo futhi uthenge iseva.”

Ngemva kokuthenga iseva, udinga ukuthenga isizinda, kodwa ukuze uqalise isayithi, udinga ukuthola amalayisensi amaningana. Eyokuqala ilayisense ye-ICP. Ikhishwe uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi we-People's Republic of China kuzo zonke izizinda zentengiso ezisezweni laseChina. “Ukuze uthole i-ICP yenkampani entsha, ikakhulukazi eyangaphandle, udinga ukuqoqa inqwaba yamadokhumenti bese udlulela ezinyathelweni ezimbalwa kuwebhusayithi kahulumeni. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, kuzothatha amasonto amathathu. Ngemva kokuthola i-ICP, kuzothatha elinye iviki ukuthola Ukugcwaliswa Kwelayisensi Yomphakathi. Futhi wamukelekile eChina."

Kodwa uma ukuvula amawebhusayithi kuhluke kuphela ku-bureaucracy, ukusebenza ne-WeChat kuhluke ngokuphelele. U-Tencent uqhamuke nezicelo ezincane zesithunywa sakhe, base beduma kakhulu ezweni: “Ngingakujabulela ukuziqhathanisa nokuthile, kepha awekho ama-analogue. Eqinisweni, lezi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaphakathi kwesicelo. Kubo, i-WeChat iqhamuke nohlaka lwayo, olufana kakhulu ngesakhiwo ne-VueJS, yakha eyabo i-IDE, nayo esebenza kahle. Uhlaka ngokwalo lusha futhi lunamandla impela, futhi nakuba lunemikhawulo yalo, ngokwesibonelo, alusekelwe yi-AXIOS. Ngenxa yokuthi akuzona zonke izindlela zezinto nama-arrays asekelwayo, uhlaka luhlala luvela."

Ngenxa yokukhula kokuduma, bonke abathuthukisi baqala ukuhlanganisa amathani ezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanayo ezincane. Bagcwalisa isithunywa kangangokuthi uTencent wabeka imingcele kusayizi wekhodi. Okwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezincane - 2 MB, okwemidlalo emincane - 5 MB.

“Ukuze ukwazi ukungqongqoza ku-API, isizinda kumele sibe ne-ICP ne-PLF. Uma kungenjalo, ngeke ukwazi ngisho nokwengeza ikheli le-API kwelinye lamaphaneli amaningi wokuphatha we-WeChat. Kunokuphatha okuningi lapho ngezinye izikhathi kwakubonakala sengathi ngeke ngikwazi ukubheka zonke iziphathimandla, ngibhalise wonke ama-akhawunti omphathi we-Wichat, ngithole wonke amalayisensi kanye nokufinyelela. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma uthuthukise ingqondo, ubuchopho, ukubekezela, ulwazi lwezinhlelo (ngaphandle kwalokho awazi nokuthi ubheke kuphi), futhi, yiqiniso, ulwazi lolimi lwesiShayina. Iningi lemibhalo lingesiNgisi, kodwa ukhilimu wesivuno - lokho kanye okudingayo - ungesiShayina kuphela. Kunemikhawulo eminingi, futhi amaketanga anjalo okuzivala ayahlekisa ukubona kuphela ngaphandle.

Ngemva kokuqeda konke kuze kube sekupheleni, uthola injabulo yangempela - ngakolunye uhlangothi, unqobe uhlelo, futhi ngakolunye ... uvele ucabange yonke imithetho. Ukuthuthukisa okuthile endaweni entsha enjalo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuba ngeyokuqala kule ndawo, kuhle ngempela.”

Isigcawu se-post-credits

Eqinisweni, lesi sihloko sakhula siphuma embuzweni owodwa olula: ingabe kuyiqiniso ukuthi uWinnie the Pooh akekho eChina? Kwavela ukuthi ikhona. Izithombe, amathoyizi futhi atholakala lapha nalaphaya. Kodwa lapho mina no-Ivan sizama ukwenza i-Google memes mayelana no-Xi Jinping, asitholanga lutho ngaphandle kwezithombe ezinhle.

Source: www.habr.com