Sanibonani nonke. Ngemva sekudlule izinyanga eziyisithupha, phakathi naleso sikhathi ngakwazi ukukhuluma kwezinye izingqungquthela ezimbili futhi ngethula izinkulumo ngesihloko sokuphathwa kolwazi ezinkampanini ezimbili ezinkulu ze-IT. Ukuxhumana nozakwethu, ngabona ukuthi ku-IT kusengenzeka ukukhuluma ngokuphathwa kolwazi ezingeni "lokuqala", noma kunalokho, ngibone nje ukuthi ukuphathwa kolwazi kuyadingeka kunoma yimuphi umnyango wanoma iyiphi inkampani. Namuhla kuzoba nesipiliyoni sami esincane - ngingathanda ukubuyekeza amazinga akhona emhlabeni jikelele emkhakheni wokuphathwa kolwazi.
Ake siqale ngomkhiqizo odume kakhulu emkhakheni wokulinganisa - ISO. Cabanga ukuthi kunendinganiso ehlukene ezinikele ezinhlelweni zokuphatha ulwazi (ISO 30401:2018). Kodwa namuhla ngeke ngigxile kukho. Ngaphambi kokuqonda "indlela" uhlelo lokuphatha ulwazi okufanele lubukeke futhi lusebenze ngayo, sidinga ukuvuma ukuthi, empeleni, luyadingeka.
Thatha, isibonelo, ISO 9001: 2015 (Amasistimu okuphatha ikhwalithi). Njengoba igama lisho, leli izinga elinikezelwe ohlelweni lokuphatha ikhwalithi. Ukuze iqinisekiswe ngaphansi kwaleli zinga, inhlangano kufanele iqinisekise ukubeka izinto obala nokuqhubeka kwezinqubo zomsebenzi nemikhiqizo kanye/noma amasevisi akhiqizwayo. Ngamanye amazwi, isitifiketi sisho ukuthi yonke into enkampanini yakho isebenza kahle, ngokushelela, uyaqonda ukuthi yiziphi izingozi inhlangano yamanje yezinqubo ezithwalayo, uyazi ukuthi ungazilawula kanjani lezi zingozi, futhi ulwela ukuzinciphisa.
Kumayelana nani ukuphathwa kolwazi? Futhi nakhu:
7.1.6 Ulwazi lwenhlangano
Inhlangano izonquma ulwazi oludingekayo ekusebenzeni kwezinqubo zayo futhi ifinyelele ukuhambisana kwemikhiqizo namasevisi.
Ulwazi kufanele lugcinwe futhi lwenziwe lutholakale ngezinga elidingekayo.
Lapho kucutshungulwa izinguquko ezidingekayo kanye nokuthrendayo, inhlangano kufanele icabangele ulwazi lwayo olukhona futhi inqume ukuthi ingaluthola kanjani noma lunikeze ukufinyelela olwazini olwengeziwe kanye nokubuyekezwa kwalo.
QAPHELA 1 Ulwazi lwenhlangano luwulwazi oluqondene nenhlangano; ikakhulukazi ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho.
Ulwazi luwulwazi olusetshenziswayo nokwabelwana ngalo ukuze kuzuzwe izinjongo zenhlangano.
QAPHELA 2 Isisekelo solwazi senhlangano singaba:
a) imithombo yangaphakathi (isb. impahla yengqondo, ulwazi oluzuzwe kokuhlangenwe nakho; izifundo ezitholwe kumaphrojekthi angaphumelelanga noma ayimpumelelo; ukuqoqwa nokwabelana kolwazi olungabhaliwe kanye nolwazi oluthe xaxa; imiphumela yenqubo, ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo kanye nesevisi);
b) imithombo yangaphandle (isib. amazinga, izifundiswa, izingqungquthela, ulwazi oluvela kumakhasimende nabahlinzeki bangaphandle).
Futhi ngezansi, ezinhlelweni zokusebenza:
Izidingo zolwazi lwenhlangano zethulwe ku:
a) ukuvikela inhlangano ekulahlekeni kolwazi, isibonelo ngenxa:
- ukushintshwa kwabasebenzi;
- ukungenzeki kokuthola kanye nokwabelana ngolwazi;
b) ukukhuthaza inhlangano ukuthi ithole ulwazi, isibonelo ngokusebenzisa:
- ukufunda ngokwenza;
- ukweluleka;
- ukulinganisa.
Ngakho-ke, izinga le-ISO emkhakheni wokuphathwa kwekhwalithi lithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yemisebenzi yayo, ibhizinisi kufanele lihlanganyele ekuphathweni kolwazi. Kulungile, akukho okunye - "kufanele". Uma kungenjalo ukungahambisani, nokuvalelisa. Leli qiniso lilodwa, njengokungathi, libonisa ukuthi lokhu akusona isici sokuzikhethela enhlanganweni, njengoba ukuphathwa kolwazi ku-IT kuvame ukuphathwa, kodwa ingxenye eyisibopho yezinqubo zebhizinisi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indinganiso itshela ukuthi yiziphi izingozi ukuphathwa kolwazi okuklanyelwe ukuqeda. Eqinisweni, zisobala impela.
Ake sicabange... cha, akunjalo - sicela ukhumbule isimo somsebenzi wakho lapho udinga ulwazi oluthile emsebenzini, futhi okuwukuphela kwenkampani ophethe ngaleso sikhathi kwakuseholidini / uhambo lwebhizinisi, wayiyeka ngokuphelele inkampani noma wayegula nje. . Uyakhumbula? Ngicabanga ukuthi cishe sonke sike sabhekana nalokhu. Wazizwa kanjani ngaleso sikhathi?
Uma ngemva kwesikhathi esithile abaphathi beyunithi bezohlaziya ukwehluleka kwezinsuku zokugcina zephrojekthi, vele, bazothola umlandu futhi behlise umoya kulokhu. Kodwa okwamanje lapho ulwazi ludingeka, akuzange kukusize wena siqu ukuqonda ukuthi βu-RM unecala, owahamba waya e-Bali futhi ongashiyanga noma yimiphi imiyalo uma kunemibuzo.β Impela nguye onecala. Kodwa ngeke kukusize ukuxazulula inkinga yakho.
Uma ulwazi lubhalwe ohlelweni olufinyeleleka kubantu abangaludinga, khona-ke indaba echazwe "yendawo yokuhlala" iba yinto engenakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhubeka kwezinqubo zebhizinisi kuqinisekiswa, okusho ukuthi amaholide, ukuhamba kwabasebenzi kanye nesici esibi kakhulu sebhasi akuyona into embi ebhizinisini - ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo / insizakalo izohlala isezingeni layo elivamile.
Uma inkampani inesiteji sokushintshana nokugcinwa kolwazi nolwazi, futhi isiko (umkhuba) wokusebenzisa lesi sikhulumi senziwe, khona-ke abasebenzi akudingeki balinde izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze bathole impendulo evela kumuntu osebenza nabo (noma bafune lozakwethu izinsuku ezimbalwa) futhi ubeke ngenxa yalokhu ukubamba imisebenzi yakho.
Kungani ngikhuluma ngomkhuba? Ngoba akwanele ukwakha isisekelo solwazi ukuze abantu baqale ukulusebenzisa. Sonke sijwayele ukusesha u-Google ukuze sithole izimpendulo zemibuzo yethu, futhi i-intranethi ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezicelo zeholide kanye nebhodi lezaziso. Asinawo umkhuba "wokufuna ulwazi mayelana nezinhlaka ze-Agile" (ngokwesibonelo) ku-intranet. Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma sinesisekelo solwazi esibanda kunazo zonke ngomzuzwana owodwa, akekho ozoqala ukuyisebenzisa ngomzuzwana olandelayo (ngisho nangenyanga ezayo) - akukho mkhuba. Ukushintsha imikhuba yakho kubuhlungu futhi kudla isikhathi. Akuwona wonke umuntu okulungele lokhu. Ikakhulukazi uma iminyaka engu-15 "futhi basebenze ngendlela efanayo." Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokhu, ulwazi lwenkampani luzohluleka. Kungakho ongcweti be-KM bexhumanisa ngokungenakuhlukaniswa ukuphathwa kolwazi nokuphathwa koshintsho.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi "Lapho ucabangela ukushintsha izidingo kanye nezitayela, inhlangano kufanele icabangele ulwazi lwayo olukhona ...", i.e. thuthukisa isiko lokubhekisela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini lapho wenza izinqumo ezweni elishintshayo. Futhi qaphela futhi "kufanele".
Ngendlela, lesi sigaba esincane sezinga sisho okuningi mayelana nesipiliyoni. Imvamisa, uma kuziwa ekuphathweni kolwazi, ama-stereotypes aqala ukushelela isithombe sesisekelo solwazi esinamakhulu emibhalo ebekwe ngendlela yamafayela (imithetho, izidingo). Kodwa i-ISO ikhuluma ngolwazi. Ulwazi olutholwe ekuhlangenwe nakho okudlule kwenkampani kanye nabasebenzi bayo ngamunye yiyona nto evumela ukuthi ugweme ingozi yokuphinda amaphutha, ngokushesha wenze izinqumo ezingcono futhi udale umkhiqizo omusha. Ezinkampanini ezivuthiwe kakhulu emkhakheni wokuphatha ulwazi (kuhlanganise nesiRashiya, ngendlela), ukuphathwa kolwazi kubonakala njengendlela yokwandisa imali yenkampani, ukudala imikhiqizo emisha, ukuthuthukisa imibono emisha kanye nezinqubo zokuthuthukisa. Akusona isisekelo solwazi, kuyindlela yokwenza izinto ezintsha. Kusisiza ukuba sikuqonde kabanzi lokhu. Izinkombandlela ze-PMI PMBOK.
I-PMBOK iyinkomba yenhlangano yolwazi yokuphatha iphrojekthi, i-PMa Handbook. Ushicilelo lwesithupha (2016) lwalo mhlahlandlela wethula isigaba sokuphathwa kokuhlanganiswa kwephrojekthi, esihlanganisa nesigaba sokuphathwa kolwazi lwephrojekthi. Le nto idalwe "ngokusekelwe kumazwana avela kubasebenzisi bemanuwali", i.e. isibe umkhiqizo wesipiliyoni ekusebenziseni izinguqulo zangaphambilini zomhlahlandlela ezimeni zangempela. Futhi iqiniso lalifuna ukuphathwa kolwazi!
Umphumela oyinhloko wento entsha "Irejista Yezifundo Ezifundiwe" (ngokwendinganiso ye-ISO echazwe ngenhla, ngendlela, nayo iyashiwo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokweziqondiso, ukuhlanganiswa kwale rejista kufanele kwenziwe kulo lonke ukuqaliswa kwephrojekthi, hhayi ekuqedeni kwayo, uma kufika isikhathi sokuhlaziya umphumela. Ngokubona kwami, lokhu kufana kakhulu nokubukelwa emuva kwe-agile, kodwa ngizobhala okuthunyelwe okuhlukile ngalokhu. Ngokwezwi nezwi, umbhalo ku-PMBOK uzwakala kanje:
Ukuphathwa kolwazi lwephrojekthi inqubo yokusebenzisa ulwazi olukhona nokudala ulwazi olusha ukuze kuzuzwe izinhloso zephrojekthi kanye nokukhuthaza ukufunda ngaphakathi kwenhlangano.
Indawo yolwazi lokuphathwa kokuhlanganiswa kwephrojekthi idinga ukuhlanganiswa kwemiphumela etholwe kuzo zonke ezinye izindawo zolwazi.
Izitayela ezivelayo ezinqubweni zokuhlanganisa zihlanganisa, phakathi kokunye:
...
β’ Ukuphathwa Kolwazi Lwephrojekthi
Ukuhamba nokushintshashintsha kwemvelo yabasebenzi nakho kudinga inqubo eqinile yokuthwebula ulwazi kuwo wonke umjikelezo wempilo wephrojekthi futhi uludlulisele kubantu okuqondiwe kubo ngendlela evimbela ukulahleka kolwazi.
***
Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zale nqubo ukuthi ulwazi olutholwe ngaphambili lwenhlangano lusetshenziselwa ukufeza noma ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yephrojekthi, futhi ulwazi oluzuzwe ngesikhathi sokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi yamanje luhlala lukhona ukusekela imisebenzi yenhlangano namaphrojekthi azayo noma izigaba. Lolu hlelo lwenziwa kuyo yonke iphrojekthi.
Ngeke ngikopishe-nginamathisele sonke isigaba esikhulu semanuwali lapha. Ungazifundela wena bese ufinyelela iziphetho ezifanele. Izingcaphuno ezingenhla zanele ngokubona kwami. Kimina kubonakala sengathi ukuba khona kwalokhu kucaciswa komsebenzi we-RM wokuphathwa kolwazi lwephrojekthi kakade kukhuluma ngokubaluleka kwalesi sici lapho kusetshenzwa kumaphrojekthi. Ngendlela, ngivame ukuzwa ithisisi: "Ubani odinga ulwazi lwethu kweminye iminyango?" Okusho ukuthi, ubani odinga lezi zifundo ezifundwe?
Eqinisweni, kuvame ukubonakala ukuthi iyunithi izibuka "njengeyunithi endaweni engenalutho". Nakhu sinomtapo wolwazi wethu, kodwa kunenkampani esele, futhi ulwazi ngomtapo wolwazi wethu ngeke lube wusizo kuye nganoma iyiphi indlela. Mayelana nomtapo wolwazi - mhlawumbe. Kuthiwani ngezinqubo ezihlobene?
Isibonelo se-banal: ngesikhathi somsebenzi kuphrojekthi, kwakukhona ukuxhumana nosonkontileka. Ngokwesibonelo, nomklami. Usonkontileka kuvele ukuthi unjalo-ke, weqiwe umnqamulajuqu, wenqaba ukuphothula ngaphandle kwenkokhelo eyengeziwe. I-RM eqoshwe kurejista yezifundo ifunde ukuthi akufanelekile ukusebenza nalo sonkontileka ongathembekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, endaweni ethile ekukhangiseni nabo babefuna umklami futhi bahlangane nosonkontileka ofanayo. Futhi kuleli phuzu kukhona izinketho ezimbili:
a) Uma inkampani inosiko oluhle lokuphinda isebenzise isipiliyoni, uzakwethu kwezokukhangisa uzobheka kurejista yezifundo ezifundiwe uma kukhona oseke wathintana nalo sonkontileka, abone impendulo engemihle evela ku-PM wethu futhi ngeke amoshe isikhathi nemali ukuxhumana nalo sonkontileka ongathembekile. .
b) uma inkampani ingenalo isiko elinjalo, umkhangisi uzophendukela kusonkontileka ongathembekile, alahlekelwe yimali yenkampani, isikhathi, futhi angase aphazamise umkhankaso wokukhangisa obalulekile nophuthumayo, isibonelo.
Iyiphi inketho ebonakala iphumelela kakhulu? Futhi qaphela ukuthi kwakungelona ulwazi mayelana nomkhiqizo osathuthukiswayo oluwusizo, kodwa mayelana nezinqubo zokuthuthukiswa ezihambisanayo. Futhi kwaba usizo hhayi kwenye RM, kodwa isisebenzi isiqondiso ehluke ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke isiphetho: akunakwenzeka ukucabangela intuthuko ngokuhlukana nokuthengisa, ukusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe okuvela kubuhlakani bebhizinisi, kanye ne-IT evela ku-ACS. Wonke umuntu enkampanini unolwazi lomsebenzi oluzoba usizo komunye umuntu enkampanini. Futhi akudingekile nakancane ukuthi bazoba abamele izindawo ezihlobene.
Kodwa-ke, uhlangothi lobuchwepheshe lwephrojekthi lungase lube usizo. Zama ukuhlola amaphrojekthi enkampanini yakho eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Ungamangala ukuthi mangaki amabhayisikili asungulelwe izinkinga ezifanayo. Kungani? Ngoba izinqubo zokwabelana ngolwazi azisungulwa.
Ngakho-ke, ukuphathwa kolwazi, ngokwebhukwana le-PMI, kungomunye wemisebenzi ye-PM. Njengoba ubona, izinhlangano ezimbili ezaziwayo ezenza izitifiketi ezikhokhelwayo ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zazo zihlanganisa ukuphathwa kolwazi ohlwini lwamathuluzi okufanele abe nawo okulawula ikhwalithi nomsebenzi wephrojekthi. Kungani abaphathi ezinkampanini ze-IT besakholelwa ukuthi ukuphathwa kolwazi kuyimibhalo? Kungani indawo epholile kanye negumbi lokubhema lihlala liyizikhungo zokushintshana ngolwazi? Konke kumayelana nokuqonda kanye nemikhuba. Ngithemba ukuthi kancane kancane ukuqonda komkhakha wokuphathwa kolwazi kuzokwanda phakathi kwabaphathi be-IT, futhi isiko lomlomo lizoyeka ukusebenza njengethuluzi lokugcina ulwazi enkampanini. Tadisha amazinga omsebenzi wakho - anezinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo!
Source: www.habr.com