Ukuqamba okusha sekuyinto evamile.
Futhi asikhulumi “ngamasu” anjalo esimanje njengobuchwepheshe bokulandelela ama-ray kumakhadi evidiyo e-RTX avela ku-Nvidia noma sondeza i-50x ku-smartphone entsha evela kuHuawei. Lezi zinto ziwusizo kakhulu kubakhangisi kunabasebenzisi. Sikhuluma ngezinto ezintsha zangempela ezishintshe kakhulu indlela esibheka ngayo impilo.
Iminyaka engu-500, futhi ikakhulukazi eminyakeni engu-200 edlule, impilo yomuntu ibilokhu iguqulwa ngemibono emisha, izinto ezisunguliwe kanye nokutholwayo. Futhi lesi isikhathi esifushane kakhulu emlandweni wesintu. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, intuthuko yayibonakala ihamba kancane futhi ingasheshi, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini lomuntu wekhulu lama-21.
Ezweni lanamuhla, uguquko seluphenduke into eqhubekayo. Ezinye izitatimende zeminyaka engu-15 edlule, ezazivamile ngesikhathi esisodwa, manje zingase zithathwe abantu njengezingalungile noma ezicasulayo. Ezinye zezincwadi ezikhethekile ezivela eminyakeni engu-10 edlule azisabhekwa njengezibalulekile, futhi ukubona imoto kagesi emgwaqeni isivele ibhekwa njengento evamile, hhayi emazweni athuthukile kuphela.
Sijwayele ukucekelwa phansi kwamasiko, ubuchwepheshe bezinguquko kanye nolwazi oluqhubekayo mayelana nokutholakele okusha esisakuqondi okuncane ngakho. Siyaqiniseka ukuthi isayensi nobuchwepheshe akumi, futhi sikholelwa ukuthi izinto ezintsha ezitholakele kanye nokuqanjwa okusha kusilindile esikhathini esizayo. Kodwa kungani siqiniseka kangaka ngalokhu? Saqala nini ukukholelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezindlela zocwaningo lwesayensi? Kwabangelwa yini?
Ngokubona kwami, u-Yuval Noah Harari wembula lezi zindaba ngemininingwane eyanele encwadini yakhe ethi “Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind” (Ngicabanga ukuthi wonke ama-sapiens kufanele ayifunde). Ngakho-ke, lo mbhalo uzoncika kakhulu kwezinye zezahlulelo zakhe.
Inkulumo eyashintsha yonke into
Kuwo wonke umlando, abantu babehlale bebhala okuphawuliwe okunohlonze, kodwa ukubaluleka kwakho kwakuphansi, njengoba abantu babekholelwa ukuthi lonke ulwazi oludingwa isintu lwaluvele lutholakale kwizazi zefilosofi nabaprofethi basendulo. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, indlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthola ulwazi kwakuwukufunda nokusebenza kwamasiko akhona. Kungani uchitha isikhathi ngokufuna izimpendulo ezintsha sibe sesinazo zonke izimpendulo?
Ukwethembeka emasikweni kwakuwukuphela kwethuba lokubuyela esikhathini esidlule esikhazimulayo. Izinto ezisunguliwe zingathuthukisa kancane indlela yokuphila yendabuko, kodwa zazama ukungaphambuki emasikweni ngokwazo. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlonipha okwedlule, imibono eminingi kanye nezinto ezisunguliwe zazibhekwa njengokubonakaliswa kokuziqhenya futhi zalahlwa emvinini. Uma ngisho nezazi zefilosofi ezinkulu nabaprofethi bakudala behluleka ukuxazulula inkinga yendlala nezifo, pho singashonaphi?
Cishe abantu abaningi bayazazi izindaba ezimayelana ne-Icarus, uMbhoshongo waseBabele noma iGolem. Bafundisa ukuthi noma yimuphi umzamo wokweqa imingcele ebekwe umuntu wawuyoba nemiphumela ebuhlungu. Uma ubungenalo ulwazi oluthile, khona-ke cishe uphendukele kumuntu ohlakaniphile, kunokuba uzame ukuthola izimpendulo ngokwakho. Futhi ilukuluku (ngikhumbula ukuthi “dla i-apula”) lalingahlonitshwanga ngokukhethekile kwamanye amasiko.
Akekho owayedinga ukuthola lokho okwakungaziwa muntu ngaphambili. Kungani kufanele ngiqonde ukwakheka kolwembu lwesicabucabu noma ukusebenza kwamasosha omzimba wethu uma izazi zasendulo nososayensi bengakubheki njengento ebalulekile futhi bengabhalanga ngakho?
Ngenxa yalokho, isikhathi eside abantu behlala ngaphakathi kwalesi sikhala sendabuko nolwazi lwasendulo, ngaphandle kokucabanga ukuthi umbono wabo wezwe wawulinganiselwe ngokwanele. Kodwa sabe sesithola okunye okubaluleke kakhulu okwasungula inguquko yesayensi: ukungazi. "Angazi" mhlawumbe omunye wemisho ebaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wethu owasikhuthaza ukuthi sifune izimpendulo. Umbono wokuthi abantu abazazi izimpendulo zemibuzo ebaluleke kakhulu uye wasiphoqa ukuthi siguqule isimo sethu sengqondo ngolwazi olukhona.
Ukuntuleka kwezimpendulo kwakubhekwa njengophawu lobuthakathaka futhi lesi simo sengqondo asizange sinyamalale kuze kube yilolu suku. Abanye abantu namanje abavumi ukungazi kwabo ezindabeni ezithile futhi baziveza “njengochwepheshe” ukuze bangasuki esikhundleni sobuthakathaka. Uma ngisho nabantu banamuhla bengase bakuthole kunzima ukuthi “angazi,” kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi kwakunjani emphakathini lapho zonke izimpendulo sezinikeziwe kakade.
Ukungazi kukhulise kanjani umhlaba wethu
Yiqiniso, kwakunezisho zokungabi nalwazi kwabantu ezikhathini zasendulo. Kwanele ukukhumbula inkulumo ethi “Ngiyazi ukuthi angazi lutho,” okuthiwa yaqanjwa uSocrates. Kodwa ukuqashelwa okukhulu kokungazi, okuhlanganisa intshiseko yokutholwa, kwavela kamuva - ngokutholakala kwezwekazi lonke, okwathi ngengozi noma iphutha, laqanjwa ngomhambi u-Amerigo Vespucci.
Nali imephu ka-Fra Mauro eyenziwe ngeminyaka yo-1450s (inguqulo ebheke phansi eyaziwa emehlweni esimanje). Kubukeka kunemininingwane eminingi kangangokuthi kubonakala sengathi abantu baseYurophu sebewazi wonke amagumbi omhlaba. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - awekho amabala amhlophe.
Kodwa kwathi ngo-1492, uChristopher Columbus, okwase kuyisikhathi eside engakwazi ukuthola abantu ababemsekela ohambweni lwakhe lokufuna indlela yasentshonalanga eya eNdiya, wahamba ngomkhumbi esuka eSpain ukuze enze umqondo wakhe uphile. Kodwa kwenzeka okuthile okukhulu nakakhulu: ngo-October 12, 1492, umlindi emkhunjini i-“Pinta” wamemeza “Earth! Umhlaba!" nezwe lanqamuka ukuba lifane. Akekho owacabanga ukuthola izwekazi lonke. UColumbus wabambelela embonweni wokuthi kwakumane kuyiqoqo leziqhingi elincane elisempumalanga ye-Indies kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe. Umqondo wokuthi wathola leli zwekazi wawungangeni ekhanda lakhe, njengabaningi ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe.
Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, ongqondongqondo abakhulu nososayensi babekhuluma ngeYurophu, i-Afrika ne-Asia kuphela. Ingabe iziphathimandla zazinephutha futhi zingenalo ulwazi olugcwele? Ingabe imibhalo ishiye ngaphandle ingxenye yomhlaba? Ukuze abantu baqhubekele phambili, kwakudingeka balahle lezi zibopho zamasiko asendulo futhi bamukele iqiniso lokuthi babengazazi zonke izimpendulo. Bona ngokwabo badinga ukuthola izimpendulo futhi bafunde ngomhlaba futhi.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindawo ezintsha futhi kubuse amazwe amasha, kwakudingeka inani elikhulu lolwazi olusha mayelana nezitshalo, izilwane, indawo, isiko laboMdabu, umlando womhlaba nokunye okuningi. Izincwadi ezindala kanye namasiko asendulo ngeke kusize lapha, sidinga indlela entsha - indlela yesayensi.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amakhadi anamachashaza amhlophe aqala ukuvela, okwaheha abahambi ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Isibonelo esisodwa imephu ye-1525 Salviati engezansi. Akekho owaziyo ukuthi yini ekulindele wena ngale kwe-cape elandelayo. Akekho owaziyo ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezintsha ozozifunda nokuthi zizoba usizo kangakanani kuwe nasemphakathini.
Kodwa lokhu okutholakele akuzange kushintshe ngokushesha ukwazi kwaso sonke isintu. Amazwe amasha aheha abantu baseYurophu kuphela. Ama-Ottoman ayematasa kakhulu ngokwanda kwawo okungokwesiko kwethonya ngokunqoba omakhelwane bawo, futhi amaShayina ayengenasithakazelo nhlobo. Ngeke kushiwo ukuthi izindawo ezintsha zazikude kakhulu kubo kangangokuthi babengakwazi ukubhukuda khona. Eminyakeni engu-60 ngaphambi kokuba uColumbus athole iMelika, amaShayina ahamba ngomkhumbi aya ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Afrika futhi ubuchwepheshe bawo banele ukuqala ukuhlola iMelika. Kodwa abazange. Mhlawumbe yingoba lo mbono wawungene kakhulu emasikweni abo waphambana nawo. Khona-ke lokhu kuvukela kwakungakenzeki emakhanda abo, futhi lapho bona kanye nama-Ottomans bebona ukuthi kwase kwephuze kakhulu, ngoba abeLungu base bevele bathumba amazwe amaningi.
Saqala kanjani ukukholelwa esikhathini esizayo
Isifiso sokuhlola izindlela ezingakahlolisiswa hhayi emhlabeni kuphela, kodwa nasesayensini akusona isizathu kuphela esenza abantu banamuhla baqiniseke kangaka ekuveleni okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezintsha. Ukomela ukutholakala kwavumela umqondo wenqubekelaphambili. Umbono wukuthi uma uvuma ukungazi kwakho futhi utshala imali ocwaningweni, izinto zizoba ngcono.
Abantu ababekholelwa embonweni wenqubekelaphambili babekholelwa nokuthi ukutholwa kwendawo, ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuxhumana kungakhuphula inani eliphelele lokukhiqiza, ukuhweba kanye nengcebo. Imizila emisha yohwebo enqamula i-Atlantic ingakhiqiza inzuzo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa imizila emidala yohwebo enqamula i-Indian Ocean. Kwavela izimpahla ezintsha, kodwa ukukhiqizwa kwezindala akuzange kwehle. Lo mbono uphinde wathola ukuvezwa komnotho ngokushesha ngendlela yokukhula komnotho kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezikweletu ngenkuthalo.
Engqikithini yayo, isikweletu siphakamisa imali okwamanje ngezindleko zekusasa, ngokusekelwe ekucabangeni ukuthi sizoba nemali eningi esikhathini esizayo kunamanje. Isikweletu sasikhona ngaphambi kwenguquko kwezesayensi, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi abantu babemanqikanqika ukunikeza noma ukuboleka imali ngoba bengenalo ithemba lekusasa elingcono. Ngokuvamile babecabanga ukuthi okungcono kakhulu kwakusesikhathini esidlule, futhi ikusasa lalingaba libi nakakhulu kunamanje. Ngakho-ke, uma ezikhathini zasendulo imali ebolekiwe yayikhishwa, ngokuvamile yayingokwesikhashana futhi inenzalo ephezulu kakhulu.
Wonke umuntu wayekholelwa ukuthi i-universal pie yayilinganiselwe, futhi mhlawumbe iyancipha kancane kancane. Uma uphumelele futhi wabamba ucezu olukhulu lwephayi, khona-ke uncisha othile. Ngakho-ke, emazweni amaningi, “ukwenza imali” kwakuyisono. Uma inkosi yaseScandinavia yayinemali eningi, khona-ke cishe yenza ukuhlasela okuphumelelayo eNgilandi futhi yathatha ezinye zezinsiza zabo. Uma isitolo sakho senza inzuzo eningi, kusho ukuthi uthathe imali kulowo oqhudelana naye. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usike kanjani uphaya, ngeke ukhule.
Ikhredithi ingumehluko phakathi kwalokho okukhona manje nalokho okuzoba kamuva. Uma uphaya ufana futhi ungekho umehluko, kusho ukuthini ukubolekwa imali? Ngenxa yalokho, awekho amabhizinisi amasha avuliwe, futhi umnotho wawuphawula isikhathi. Futhi njengoba umnotho wawungakhuli, akekho owayekholelwa ekukhuleni kwawo. Umphumela waba umbuthano omubi owathatha amakhulu amaningi eminyaka.
Kodwa ngokuvela kwezimakethe ezintsha, ukunambitheka okusha phakathi kwabantu, izinto ezintsha ezitholakele kanye nezinqubo ezintsha, i-pie yaqala ukukhula. Manje abantu banethuba lokuceba hhayi kuphela ngokuthatha kumakhelwane wabo, ikakhulukazi uma udala into entsha.
Manje sesiphinde saba sendingilizini enonya, kakade esesekelwe okholweni lwesikhathi esizayo. Ukuqhubeka njalo nokukhula kwephayi kunikeza abantu ukuzethemba ekusebenzeni kwalo mbono. Ukuthembela kudala isikweletu, isikweletu siholela ekukhuleni komnotho, ukukhula komnotho kwakha ukholo ngekusasa. Uma sikholelwa ekusaseni, siqhubekela phambili.
Yini ongayilindela ngokulandelayo?
Sesishintshisane ngesinye isiyingi esinonya. Ukuthi lokhu kuhle noma kubi, wonke umuntu angazinqumela yena. Uma ngaphambi kokuthi simaka isikhathi, manje siyasebenza. Sigijima ngesivinini futhi asikwazi ukuma, ngoba inhliziyo yethu ishaya kakhulu kangangokuthi kubonakala sengathi izondiza iphume esifubeni sethu uma sima. Ngakho-ke, kunokuba nje sikholelwe emisha, asinakukwazi ukungakholelwa kukho.
Manje siqhubekela phambili, ngethemba lokuthi lokhu kuzothuthukisa izimpilo zezizukulwane ezizayo, kwenze ukuphila kwethu kube lula futhi kuphephe. Futhi sikholwa ukuthi ukusungula izinto ezintsha kungazama, noma okungenani, ukuhlangabezana nale nselele.
Akwaziwa ukuthi lo mbono wenqubekelaphambili uzosiyisa kude kangakanani. Mhlawumbe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izinhliziyo zethu ngeke zimelane nokucindezeleka okunjalo futhi zisazosiphoqa ukuba sikuyeke. Mhlawumbe sizoqhubeka nokugijima ngesivinini esingangokuthi sizokwazi ukukhumula siphenduke sibe uhlobo olusha ngokuphelele, olungeke lusabizwa ngokuthi umuntu ngendlela yethu yesimanje. Futhi lolu hlobo luzokwakha umbuthano omusha ononya emibonweni engakaqondakali kithi.
Isikhali somuntu esibaluleke kakhulu bekulokhu kuyizinto ezimbili - imibono kanye nezinganekwane. Umqondo wokucosha induku, umqondo wokwakha isikhungo esifana nombuso, umqondo wokusebenzisa imali, umqondo wenqubekelaphambili - konke kubumba indlela yethu. Inganekwane yamalungelo abantu, inganekwane yonkulunkulu nezinkolo, inganekwane yobuzwe, inganekwane yekusasa elihle - konke kuklanyelwe ukusihlanganisa nokuhlanganisa amandla okusebenza kwethu. Angazi noma sizozisebenzisa yini lezi zikhali esikhathini esizayo njengoba sidlulela ku-marathon, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuzishintsha.
Source: www.habr.com