Uhlelo olufushane lwezemfundo lwabaqalayo mayelana nokuthi kungani ama-UPS ajwayelekile epholile nokuthi kwenzeke kanjani.
Ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni kwazo, izinsiza zamandla ezingaphazamiseki zezikhungo zedatha zihlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: i-monoblock ne-modular. Ezangaphambili zingezohlobo lwendabuko lwe-UPS, lezi zakamuva zintsha futhi zithuthuke kakhulu.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-monoblock kanye ne-UPS ye-modular?
Kumandla kagesi angaphazamiseki e-monoblock, amandla okukhiphayo anikezwa iyunithi yamandla eyodwa. Ku-UPS ye-modular, izingxenye eziyinhloko zenziwa ngendlela yamamojula ahlukene, abekwe emakhabetheni ahlangene futhi asebenze ndawonye. Ngayinye yalawa mamojula ifakwe iphrosesa yokulawula, ishaja, i-inverter, i-rectifier futhi imele ingxenye yamandla egcwele ye-UPS.
Ake sikuchaze lokhu ngesibonelo esilula. Uma sithatha amandla amabili angenakuphazamiseka - i-monoblock ne-modular - enamandla angu-40 kVA, khona-ke eyokuqala izoba nemodyuli eyodwa yamandla enamandla angu-40 kVA, kanti eyesibili izoba, isibonelo, amamojula amane wamandla anamandla. 10 kVA ngayinye.
Izinketho zokukala
Uma usebenzisa ama-UPS e-monoblock ngokukhuphuka kwesidingo samandla, kuyadingeka ukuxhuma enye iyunithi egcwele yamandla afanayo ngokuhambisana naleyo ekhona. Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi.
Izixazululo ze-modular zinikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu komklamo. Kulokhu, imojuli eyodwa noma amaningi angaxhunywa kuyunithi evele isebenza. Lena inqubo elula engaqedwa ngesikhathi esifushane.
Amathuba okwanda kwamandla abushelelezi
Ukwanda okushelelayo kwamandla kubalulekile esigabeni sokuqala sokusebenza kwesikhungo sedatha. Kunengqondo ukuthi ezinyangeni zokuqala izolayishwa ngo-30-40%. Kusebenza kakhulu futhi kungokonga ukusebenzisa amandla kagesi angaphazamiseki aklanyelwe la mandla. Njengoba isisekelo samakhasimende sikhula, umthwalo wesikhungo sedatha uzokwanda, futhi ngawo isidingo sokunikezwa kwamandla okungeziwe sizokhula.
Kulula ukwandisa amandla e-UPS isinyathelo ngesinyathelo kanye nengqalasizinda yezobuchwepheshe. Uma usebenzisa i-monoblock amandla angenakuphazamiseka, ukukhuphuka okushelelayo kwamandla akunakwenzeka ngokomthetho. Ngama-UPS ajwayelekile lokhu kulula ukukusebenzisa.
Ukuthembeka kwe-UPS
Uma sikhuluma ngokwethembeka, sizosebenzisa imiqondo emibili: kusho isikhathi phakathi kokuhluleka (MTBF) kanye nesikhathi esisho ukulungisa (MTTR).
I-MTBF iyinani elingenzeka. Inani lesikhathi esimaphakathi phakathi kokuhluleka lisekelwe ku-postulate elandelayo: ukwethembeka kwesistimu kuncipha ngokunyuka kwenani lezingxenye zalo.
Kule parameter, ama-UPS e-monoblock anenzuzo. Isizathu silula: izinsiza zamandla ezingaphazamiseki ze-modular zinezingxenye eziningi nezixhumi, ngayinye ebhekwa njengephuzu elingase lihluleke. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ngokombono, amathuba okwehluleka angaphezulu lapha.
Kodwa-ke, ezintweni zamandla ezingaphazamiseki ezisetshenziswa ezikhungweni zedatha, akukhona ukwehluleka ngokwako okubalulekile, kodwa i-UPS izohlala isikhathi esingakanani ingasebenzi. Le pharamitha inqunywa isikhathi sesistimu sokubuyisela (MTTR).
Lapha inzuzo isivele isehlangothini lwamabhulokhi we-modular. Zifaka i-MTTR ephansi ngoba noma iyiphi imojuli ingashintshwa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukunikezwa kwamandla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi le moduli ibe sesitokweni, futhi ukudilizwa nokufakwa kwayo kungenziwa uchwepheshe oyedwa. Eqinisweni, akuthathi ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-30.
Ngamandla we-monoblock angaphazamiseki isimo siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngeke kwenzeke ukuwalungisa ngokushesha okungaka. Lokhu kungathatha amahora ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Ukuze unqume ukubekezelelwa kwephutha kwesistimu, ungasebenzisa ipharamitha eyodwa ngaphezulu - ukutholakala noma ukunye ukusebenza. Le nkomba iphezulu, lapho siphezulu isikhathi esimaphakathi phakathi kokuhluleka (MTBF) kanye nesehlisa isikhathi sesistimu sokululama (MTTR). Ifomula ehambisanayo imi kanje:
isilinganiso sokutholakala (ukusebenza) =
Ngokuphathelene nama-UPS we-modular, isimo simi kanje: inani labo le-MTBF liphansi kune-monoblock UPSs, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo banenani eliphansi kakhulu le-MTTR. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusebenza kwezinsiza zamandla angaphazamiseki ezimodulayo kuphezulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla
Uhlelo lwe-monoblock ludinga amandla amaningi kakhulu ngoba alunalutho. Ake sikuchaze lokhu sisebenzisa isibonelo sohlelo lwe-N+1 lokuphinda lungasebenzi. N inani lomthwalo odingekayo ukuze usebenzise okokusebenza kwesikhungo sedatha. Esimeni sethu, sizoyithatha ilingane no-90 kVA. Uhlelo lwe-N+1 lusho ukuthi isici esingu-1 esigciniwe sihlala singasetshenziswa ohlelweni ngaphambi kokwehluleka.
Uma usebenzisa i-monoblock yamandla angaphazamiseki enamandla angu-90 kVA, ukuze usebenzise isifunda se-N+1, uzodinga ukusebenzisa enye iyunithi efanayo. Ngenxa yalokho, isamba sokungadingeki kwesistimu kuzoba ngu-90 kVA.
Uma usebenzisa ama-UPS emojula anamandla angama-30 kVA, isimo sihlukile. Ngomthwalo ofanayo, ukuze usebenzise isifunda se-N+1, uzodinga enye imojula yohlobo olufanayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, isamba sokungadingeki kwesistimu ngeke kusaba ngu-90 kVA, kodwa kuphela ama-kVA angama-30.
Ngakho-ke isiphetho: ukusetshenziswa kwamandla we-modular kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwesikhungo sedatha sisonke.
Umnotho
Uma uthatha izinsiza ezimbili zamandla angaphazamiseki zamandla afanayo, khona-ke i-monoblock ishibhile kune-modular. Ngalesi sizathu, ama-UPS e-monoblock ahlala edumile. Kodwa-ke, ukwandisa amandla okukhiphayo kuzophinda kabili izindleko zesistimu, ngoba enye iyunithi efanayo kuzodingeka yengezwe kule ekhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzoba nesidingo sokufaka ama-patch panel namabhodi okusabalalisa, kanye nokubeka imigqa yekhebula emisha.
Uma usebenzisa izinsiza zamandla ezingaphazamiseki ezimodulayo, amandla esistimu angakhuliswa ngokushelela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuzodingeka uchithe imali ekuthengeni inani elinjalo lamamojula anele ukwanelisa izidingo ezikhona zokuphakelwa kwamandla. Asikho isitoko esingadingekile.
isiphetho
Izinsiza zamandla ezingaphazamiseki ze-Monoblock zinenani eliphansi futhi kulula ukuzilungiselela nokusebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwesikhungo sedatha futhi kunzima ukukala. Amasistimu anjalo alula futhi asebenza kahle lapho kudingeka khona amakhono amancane futhi ukunwetshwa kwawo kungalindelekile.
Ama-UPS ajwayelekile abonakala ngokukala okulula, isikhathi esincane sokuthola kabusha, ukwethembeka okuphezulu kanye nokutholakala. Amasistimu anjalo afaneleka kakhulu ekukhuphuleni umthamo wesikhungo sedatha kunoma yiliphi izinga ngezindleko ezincane.
Source: www.habr.com