Okuqukethwe:
Kaningi, lapho sikhuluma nabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, siyaqala qhathanisa amazinga omholo. Nakuba imali engenayo ingase yehluke kakhulu, amandla okuthenga, kungacishe kwenzeke, izohlala cishe ezingeni elifanayo, okusobala ikakhulukazi emakethe yezindlu.
Ngabe utshani "buluhlaza" ngempela - ngakolunye uhlangothi?
Sibonga inkundla yokuxhumana , - Ngakhuluma nochwepheshe abaningi embonini yami ngubani , kanye nedatha eqoqwe ngamaholo (idatha nayo yathathwa kuyo ) futhi ibalwe iholo le-parity (PPP). kwamanye amadolobha maqondana namaholo edolobheni lakithi - St. Petersburg (PPP data taken from ).
Ungawaqhathanisa kanjani amazwe ngokwezindleko zokuphila manje?
Intengo ejwayelekile iyenyuka ezimpahleni nasezinkonzweni emhlabeni, ezihlotshaniswa nayo , akuvumi umuntu namuhla, ukuya thuthela kwelinye izwe, uthole umqondo wezindleko zokuphila kanye nezindleko zezinsizakalo kwelinye izwe.
Igrafu ibonisa amanani enzalo amaphakathi omhlaba phakathi neminyaka engu-200 edlule, eyayisemhlabeni wonke kwaze kwaba ngu-1980. Izinga elilinganiselayo nelinengqondo: cishe 4-6%:
Ukwehlisa amanani enzalo kanye nokwehliswa kwedola kusuka ezingeni legolide ngo-1971 - okwaba into yekhulu lama-21.
Isimo esifanayo kusuka kuDeutsche Bank.
Ngenxa yale micimbi, amazwe ayasungula:
1. intshisekelo engafani amanani ebhange eliphakathi
2. ezahlukene ukwehla kwamanani
3. ezahlukene amanani empahla ethengiswayo
4. ukungalingani amazinga entengo
5. ezahlukene izindleko zokuphila
Manje singaqhathanisa kanjani "Izindleko Zokuphila" emazweni ahlukene emhlabeni jikelele?
Ukuhlola impilo kwelinye izwe, singasebenzisa umqondo - Ukuthenga Amandla Parity (PPP, isiNgisi - Amandla Okuthenga Amandla: PPP)
Mayelana nokuthengwa kwamandla (PPP)
Ukulinganisa amandla okuthenga - isilinganiso samayunithi emali amabili noma ngaphezulu, izinhlobo zemali zamazwe ahlukene, ezisungulwe ngamandla azo okuthenga maqondana neqoqo elithile lezimpahla namasevisi
Funda kabanzi:
Iyini i-PPP esebenzisa intengo ye-Big Mac njengesibonelo?
Big Mac Price: p1
Berlin-4,70$ / New York-5,70$ / Saint Petersburg-2,10$
Big Mac ППС (Паритет покупательной способности) to Saint Petersburg: p2=p1/2,10
Berlin-2,2 / New York-2,70 / Saint Petersburg-1
Месячная зарплата = после налогов: p3
Berlin-2085$ / New York-3900$ / Saint Petersburg-1150$
ППС по Биг Маку - месячной зарплаты в городе
по отношению к зарплате в Санкт-Петербурге: p4=p3/p2
Berlin-940$ / New York-1470$ / Saint Petersburg-1150$
Ukuqonda okufanayo kungabalwa kweminye imikhiqizo, kusuka kumajini namaqanda kuye ezindlekweni zezimoto zakwaToyota nezinsiza.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, ku-Numbeo.com izinkulungwane zabantu zigcwalisa idatha yezindleko zezimpahla namasevisi edolobheni labo (idatha ye- izinyanga ezingu-18 ezedlule, ngemva kwalokho lezi “zindleko” zilinganiswa ngokwezibalo). Ukwengeza, ngamavolontiya: idatha iqoqwa mathupha emithonjeni evulekile esunguliwe futhi lezi zindleko zezimpahla namasevisi zengezwa idolobha. Kabili ngonyaka.
Isibonelo sokumbalwa (kunani eliphelele lama-50) izinto zezindleko zase-St. Petersburg (inani labantu abagcwalise idatha yase-St. Petersburg phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-18 ezidlule ngu-524):
Isihloko sithatha I-PPP yezinto ezingu-50 ezahlukene izindleko. Idatha yesilinganiso esihlobene imi kanje:
Local_Puchasing_Power_Index = (Average_Disposable_Salary(This_City) /
BasketConsumerPlusRent(This_City)) / (Average_Disposable_Salary(New_York) /
BasketConsumerPlusRent(New_York)) BasketConsumerPlusRent(City) =
sum_of (Price_in_the_city * (cost_of_living_factor + rent_factor))
Isibonelo sokuqhathanisa izindleko zokuhlala eMunich (eJalimane) naseSt. Petersburg (eRussia)
Ukuqhathaniswa kwezindleko zokuhlala eRostov-on-Don naseSan Francisco (USA)
Kweyami i-subjective encane ucwaningo - Ngicabanga ukuthi izindleko ze-PPP zenkomba yokuphila zamukelwa ngezindleko ezimaphakathi edolobheni elithile emndenini wabane (vula idatha kusuka ). Isihloko sidingida isimo lapho umuntu ohlala edolobheni N etshala imali futhi esebenzisa imali ayizuzile, edolobheni elifanayo N.
Kungani iBIM (onjiniyela nabaxhumanisi)
Unjiniyela we-BIM (isipiliyoni seminyaka engu-1-2) - lesi yindawo yokuqala enhlanganweni yokwakha (phambilini unjiniyela we-BIM wayebizwa ngokuthi “Umklami”, manje obizwa ngokuthi unjiniyela we-BIM). Umphathi we-BIM (iminyaka engu-4-6 yesipiliyoni) usevele engumuntu onolwazi okufanele akwazi ukuhlela kancane, kodwa kungasekho.
Ingxenye yalezo ezisakhiwayo usebenzisa i-BIM, izindlu ezithengiswayo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze zizolingana ingcebo izinto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-akhawunti yokwakha Onjiniyela be-BIM nabaxhumanisi bangonjiniyela bangaphambili bephrojekthi yokwakha. Ukwahlulela ngokuthi (2000 abahlanganyeli ngamunye) - inani ochwepheshe kulesi sikhundla eRussia okwamanje: kusukela 10 kuya 20 abantu abayizinkulungwane. Isilinganiso samaholo ezweni ngalinye - Unjiniyela we-BIM / Umxhumanisi we-BIM / Umphathi we-BIM: 100% / 125% / 150%. Maduze, bonke onjiniyela ukusebenza ekuhleleni kuzosebenza ngandlela thize nobuchwepheshe be-BIM futhi bonke onjiniyela bangafaka isicelo esikhundleni sabo Okunamathiselwe kwe-BIM.
Iziphetho:
1. Ingqikithi yomholo wonyaka (okuvame ukukhulunywa ngakho eNtshonalanga) ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngezwe, ngenkathi umholo wenyanga ngenyanga, lihunyushwe emandleni okuthenga, cishe okufanayo.
Isibonelo, ingqikithi yomholo wonyaka I-Kyiv vs San Francisco inomehluko cishe Izikhathi ze-8, kanti ihlanzekile umholo wenyanga uzoba nomehluko kuphela ku Izikhathi ze-2.
2. Ukwehlisa iholo lakho lonyaka, kulapho u-m² engaphezulu ungathenga iminyaka eyi-10 edolobheni lakho.
Ngemali oyiholayo (kucatshangwa ukuthi wonga ingxenye yomholo wakho eminyakeni eyi-10) ukuze uthole ukheshi (ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imali yendlu), ungathenga 46 m² ingcebo e-Kyiv kanye 31 m² eSan Francisco.
Amazwe afakiwe ezibalweni - icishe ilingane mayelana nokuphepha, ikhwalithi yezemfundo nezinsizakalo zezempilo. Ngayinye yalezi zici inemibi nezinzuzo zayo ezweni ngalinye kulawa.
Lezi zici okunzima ukuhlaziya, ngokuphambene nezintengo zezimpahla namasevisi.
Okwamanje, ukungena ku-10% ephezulu abantu abakhokhelwa kakhulu emhlabeni - okudingeka ube nakho
.
Ethebulani lokugcina ungaqhathanisa ukuthi iholo lonyaka eliphelele eSt. Petersburg lilingana nani $15,800 ngonyaka (umholo wanyanga zonke u-$1,150 noma ama-ruble angu-71,000). Ngokusekelwe kukulingana, uma unikezwa imali yonke engu-$47,000 ngonyaka e-Boston noma e-Dublin, linganisela ukuthi lokhu cishe ihambisana nomholo wama-ruble angama-71,000. inetha ngenyanga eSt.
Ngaphandle kokuthi lokhu Umbono wokuzithoba, Ngicabanga ukuthi kungenzeka kufanelekile.
Ngizojabula ukubona ukugxeka kwakho.
Isihloko sami sokuqala ku-LinkedIn (isiNgisi).
Zingeze ku-LinkedIn, ngizojabula ukwenza othintana nabo abasha:
Zonke izincazelo - ngephutha ± 10%
Isixhumanisi se-spreadsheet (i-Google Spreadsheet)
Ivelaphi idatha?
Ingxoxo yeholo ibanjiwe (sibonga labo ababambe iqhaza) eqenjini elithi “BIM Russian expats” ku-LinkedIn -
Iholo eliphelele lonyaka:
Izinga lentela:
Intengo ngokuthenga kwe-m² ngayinye:
Purchasing power parity (PPP) to St. Petersburg:
Source: www.habr.com