Ngomhla zingama-23 kuMbasa, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo iMozilla, ebambe iqhaza kumaphrojekthi amaningi ahloselwe ukufinyelela mahhala, ubumfihlo kanye nokuphepha ku-inthanethi, futhi ithuthukisa isiphequluli sewebhu seFirefox, esishicilelwe. mayelana “nezempilo” yenethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke ngo-2019, ethinta umthelela we-inthanethi emphakathini nasezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke.
Umbiko udweba isithombe esixubile. Okokuqala, kuyaphawulwa ukuthi ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka isintu seqa isithiyo esibalulekile - "amaphesenti angama-50 abantu emhlabeni asevele e-inthanethi." Ngokusho kwenhlangano, nakuba iwebhu yomhlaba wonke iletha izici eziningi ezinhle ezimpilweni zethu, abantu bakhathazeka kakhulu ngokuthi i-intanethi kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana zibathinta kanjani izingane zethu, umsebenzi wethu kanye nentando yeningi.
Ngesikhathi le nhlangano ikhipha umbiko wayo ngonyaka odlule, umhlaba wawubukele kwenzeka ihlazo likaFacebook-Cambridge Analytica njengoba kuvela ukusetshenziswa budedengu kwedatha yenkundla yezokuxhumana ukuze kunukubezwe imikhankaso yezepolitiki, nokwaholela ekutheni umsunguli weFacebook uMark Zuckerberg aphoqwe ukuba akhulume. I-US Congress ngokuxolisa, futhi inkampani ibuyekeze kakhulu inqubomgomo yayo yobumfihlo. Ngemuva kwale ndaba, izigidi zabantu zabona ukuthi ukwaba okusabalele nokungamukeleki kwedatha yangasese, ukukhula okusheshayo, ukuhlangana kanye nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke embonini yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kokukhangisa ku-inthanethi kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana kuholele enanini elikhulu lezinkinga.
Abantu abaningi baqala ukubuza imibuzo: yini okufanele siyenze ngalokhu? Singawuqondisa kanjani umhlaba wedijithali endleleni efanele?
I-Mozilla iveza ukuthi ohulumeni kulo lonke elaseYurophu basanda kubonakala besebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuqapha ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi kanye nokuvimbela ukwaziswa okungahle kwenzeke ngaphambi kokhetho oluzayo lwe-EU. Sibone izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe zizama yonke into kusukela ekwenzeni ukukhangisa kwazo kanye nama-algorithms wokuqukethwe kube sobala kakhudlwana kuya ekudaleni amabhodi ezimiso zokuziphatha (nakuba kunomphumela olinganiselwe, futhi abagxeki baqhubeka bethi "udinga ukwenza okuningi kakhulu!" ). Futhi ekugcineni, sibone ama-CEO, osopolitiki nezishoshovu belwa bodwa ukuze banqume ukuthi bazoya kuphi ngokulandelayo. Asikwazanga "ukulungisa" izinkinga esinazo, futhi ngisho ne-GDPR (i-EU's General Data Protection Regulation) ayizange ibe ikhambi, kodwa umphakathi ubonakala ungena enkathini entsha yempikiswano eqhubekayo mayelana nokuthi idijithali enempilo umphakathi kufanele ubukeke.
Okokuqala, iMozilla ikhuluma ngezinkinga ezintathu ezicindezelayo zenethiwekhi yesimanje:
- Isidingo sokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokukhawulela ububanzi bokusebenza kwayo siyacatshangelwa, kubuzwa imibuzo efana nokuthi: Ubani othuthukisa ama-algorithms? Iyiphi idatha abayisebenzisayo? Ubani obandlululwayo? Kuyaphawulwa ukuthi ubuhlakani bokwenziwa manje sebusetshenziswa emisebenzini ebucayi nebucayi, njengokunquma nge-solvency kanye nokuhlinzekwa komshwalense wezempilo kubantu base-United States noma ukuthola izigebengu ezinamandla okusola abantu abangenacala.
- Isidingo sokucabanga kabusha ngomnotho wokukhangisa sichazwa, ngoba indlela yamanje, lapho umuntu eseyimpahla, futhi ukubhekwa okuphelele sekube yithuluzi eliphoqelekile lokumaketha, ngeke kusamukeleka.
- Ihlola ukuthi izinkampani ezinkulu zinethonya kanjani ezimpilweni zethu nokuthi ohulumeni basekhaya emadolobheni amakhulu bangahlanganisa kanjani ubuchwepheshe ngezindlela ezisiza umphakathi kunezintshisekelo zezohwebo. Isibonelo yindaba lapho iziphathimandla zaseNew York zikwazile ukufaka ingcindezi ku-Amazon ukuthi yethule isofthiwe efunda umbhalo ovela esikrinini kubantu abanenkinga yokubona ku-Kindle e-reader yayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-athikili ikhombisa ukuthi, ngaphansi kwesithunzi sokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yasemadolobheni, kwethulwa ubuchwepheshe obuningi obuvumela ukuqapha okuphelele kwabantu emigwaqweni yedolobha.
Yebo, umbiko awugcini nje ezihlokweni ezintathu kuphela. Iphinde ikhulume ngalokhu: usongo lwama-deepfakes - ubuchwepheshe bokushintsha ubuso bomuntu kuvidiyo nobuso bomunye umuntu, okungadala umonakalo esithunzini, kusetshenziselwe ukusabalalisa ulwazi kanye nokukhwabanisa okuhlukahlukene, mayelana namandla omphakathi okukhiqizwa ngumsebenzisi. izinkundla zezindaba, mayelana nohlelo lokufunda nokubhala ngezithombe ezingcolile, mayelana nokutshalwa kwezimali ekufakeni izintambo ngaphansi kwamanzi, izingozi zokuthumela imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwe-DNA yakho endaweni yomphakathi nokunye okuningi.
Ngakho sithini isiphetho seMozilla? Inempilo kangakanani i-inthanethi manje? Inhlangano ikuthola kunzima ukunikeza impendulo eqondile. Imvelo yedijithali iyisistimu ye-ecosystem eyinkimbinkimbi, njengeplanethi esiphila kuyo. Unyaka odlule ubone izitayela eziningi ezinhle ezibonisa ukuthi i-inthanethi nobudlelwano bethu nayo buhamba ngendlela efanele:
- Izingcingo zokuvikelwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu zikhula kakhulu. Unyaka odlule ulethe ushintsho olukhulu ekuqwashiseni umphakathi ngobumfihlo nokuvikeleka emhlabeni wedijithali, sibonga kakhulu ngehlazo le-Cambridge Analytica. Lokhu kuqwashisa kuyaqhubeka nokukhula futhi kuhunyushwa futhi kube yimithetho namaphrojekthi abambekayo. Abalawuli baseYurophu, ngosizo lwababukeli bomphakathi kanye nabasebenzisi be-inthanethi ngabanye, baphoqelela ukuthotshelwa kwe-GDPR. Ezinyangeni ezedlule, i-Google ihlawuliswe ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-50 ngokwephula i-GDPR eFrance, futhi amashumi ezinkulungwane zezikhalazo zokwephulwa afakwe emhlabeni jikelele.
- Kunomnyakazo othize obheke ekusetshenzisweni kobuhlakani bokufakelwa (AI). Njengoba ukushiyeka kwendlela yamanje ye-AI kuya ngokuya kubonakala, ochwepheshe nezishoshovu bayakhuluma futhi bafuna izixazululo ezintsha. Imizamo efana ne-Safe Face Pledge ithuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokuhlaziya ubuso obuzosiza abantu bonke. Futhi ochwepheshe abafana noJoy Buolamwini, umsunguli we-Algorithmic Justice League, bakhuluma ngendima yezinhlangano ezinamandla njenge-Federal Trade Commission kanye ne-EU's Global Tech Group mayelana nodaba.
- Kuya ngokuya kuqashelwa indima nomthelela wezinkampani ezinkulu. Ngonyaka odlule, abantu abaningi baye baqaphela iqiniso lokuthi izinkampani eziyisishiyagalombili zilawula ingxenye enkulu ye-inthanethi. Ngenxa yalokho, amadolobha ase-US naseYurophu aphenduka aphikisana nawo, aqinisekisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bomasipala bubeka phambili amalungelo abantu kunenzuzo yezentengiselwano. Umfelandawonye "»okwamanje inabahlanganyeli abangaphezu kweshumi nambili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abasebenzi bakwa-Google, Amazon kanye ne-Microsoft bafuna ukuthi abaqashi babo bangasebenzisi noma bathengise ubuchwepheshe babo ngezinjongo ezingabazekayo. Futhi imibono efana nezinkundla zokubambisana kanye nobunikazi obabiwe ibonwa njengezinye izindlela esikhundleni sokudla okukhona kwezinkampani ezizimele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezindawo eziningi lapho isimo siye saba sibi kakhulu, noma lapho kwenzeke khona izenzakalo ezithinta inhlangano:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-inthanethi kudlangile. Ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke bayaqhubeka nokubekela imingcele ukungena kwe-inthanethi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekuhlolweni okuqondile kuya ekufuneni abantu ukuba bakhokhe intela eyengeziwe ngokusebenzisa izinkundla zokuxhumana. Ngo-2018, kube nokucisha kwe-inthanethi okungu-188 okubikiwe emhlabeni jikelele. Kukhona futhi uhlobo olusha lokucwaninga: ukunciphisa i-inthanethi. Ohulumeni nama-ejensi aqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa komthetho babekela imingcele ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezithile ukuze kuthathe amahora ambalwa ukulayisha okuthunyelwe kwenkundla yezokuxhumana. Ubuchwepheshe obunjalo busiza imibuso yengcindezelo ukuba iphike umthwalo wabo wemfanelo.
- Ukuhlukumeza idatha ye-biometric kuyaqhubeka. Lapho amaqembu amakhulu omphakathi engakwazi ukufinyelela izihlonzi ze-biometric, lokhu akukuhle, njengoba angenza ukuphila kube lula kakhulu ezindabeni eziningi. Kodwa empeleni, ubuchwepheshe be-biometric ngokuvamile buzuzisa kuphela ohulumeni nezinhlangano ezizimele, hhayi abantu ngabanye. E-India, izakhamizi ezingaphezu kwesigidigidi ezi-1 zibekwe engcupheni ngenxa yokuba sengozini kwe-Aadhaar, uhlelo lukahulumeni lokuhlonza i-biometric. Futhi eKenya, izinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo abantu zimangalele uhulumeni ngokusungulwa kohlelo oluzodingeka maduze lweNational Identity Management System (NIIMS) oluklanyelwe ukuqoqa nokugcina ulwazi olumayelana ne-DNA yabantu, indawo ye-GPS yekhaya labo nokunye.
- I-Artificial intelligence isiba yithuluzi lokucwasa. Ama-tech giants e-US nase-China ahlanganisa i-AI ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezihlukahlukene ngesivinini esikhulu, ngaphandle kokucabangela ukulimala okungenzeka kanye nemiphumela emibi. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlelo zokuqashelwa kwabantu ezisetshenziswa ekugcinweni komthetho, ezamabhange, ekuqasheni abantu, nasekukhangiseni ngokuvamile zibandlulula abesifazane nabantu bebala ngenxa yedatha engalungile, ukucabangela okungamanga, nokuntuleka kokuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe. Ezinye izinkampani zenza "amabhodi ezimiso" ukuze kudambise ukukhathazeka komphakathi, kodwa abagxeki bathi amabhodi anomthelela omncane noma awanawo nhlobo.
Ngemva kokubheka zonke lezi zindlela kanye neminye imininingwane eminingi embikweni, ungaphetha ngokuthi: I-inthanethi inamandla okusiphakamisa futhi isiphonsa kwalasha. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule lokhu kuye kwacaca kubantu abaningi. Sekucacile futhi ukuthi kufanele sisukume senze okuthile ngakho uma sifuna umhlaba wedijithali wesikhathi esizayo ube oqondile esintwini kunokuba ube ongemuhle.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaningi banikela ngezimpilo zabo ekudaleni i-inthanethi enempilo, enobuntu. Embikweni walo nyaka we-Mozilla, ungafunda ngamavolontiya ase-Ethiopia, abameli bamalungelo edijithali e-Poland, abacwaningi bamalungelo abantu e-Iran nase-China, nokuningi.
Ngokusho kwe-Mozilla, umgomo oyinhloko wombiko uwukuba kokubili ukubonakaliswa kwesimo samanje kunethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke kanye nensiza yokusebenza ukuyishintsha. Ihlose ukukhuthaza abathuthukisi nabaqambi ukuthi bakhe imikhiqizo emisha yamahhala, banikeze abenzi bezinqubomgomo umongo nemibono yemithetho, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukunikeza izakhamuzi nezishoshovu isithombe sokuthi abanye baphokophele kanjani ukuthola i-inthanethi engcono, ngethemba lokuthi abantu abaningi baseduze. umhlaba uzolwela ukushintsha kanye nabo.
Source: 3dnews.ru