Ekuqaleni konyaka wesikole, sanquma ukukhuluma ngomunye wemibukiso eqoqweni lethu, isithombe saso esihlala siyisikhumbuzo esibalulekile ezinkulungwaneni zezingane zesikole ngawo-1980.
I-Yamaha KUVT2 enamabhithi ayisishiyagalombili inguqulo ye-Russified yekhompyutha yasendlini evamile ye-MSX, eyethulwe ngo-1983 yigatsha laseJapane leMicrosoft. Okunjalo, empeleni, izinkundla zemidlalo ezisekelwe athumba i-Japan, Korea kanye ne-China, kodwa cishe ayengaziwa e-USA futhi akuthola kunzima ukuya eYurophu.
I-KUVT imele βisethi yobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha bezemfundo.β Le fomula yasungulwa engxenyeni yokuqala yawo-1980 phakathi nezingxoxo ezinde emibuthanweni yezemfundo, yongqongqoshe kanye nezimboni. Izimpendulo zemibuzo mayelana nendlela yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bamakhompiyutha kanye nesidingo sokuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi akuzange kubonakale kusobala ngaleso sikhathi.
NgoMashi 17, 1985, iKomidi Eliyinhloko le-CPSU kanye noMkhandlu Wongqongqoshe base-USSR bamukele isinqumo esihlanganyelwe "Ngezinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukufunda ngekhompyutha kwabafundi ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme kanye nokwethulwa okubanzi kobuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha enqubweni yemfundo. β Ngemva kwalokhu, imfundo yesayensi yamakhompiyutha ezikoleni iqala ukwakha isimiso esihambisana kancane kancane, futhi ngoSeptember 1985 kukhona ngisho nengqungquthela yezizwe ngezizwe ethi βChildren in the Information Age.β
Ikhava yohlelo lwengqungquthela yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nombukiso othi βIzingane Ezineminyaka Eminyakeni Yolwaziβ, 06/09.05.1985-XNUMX/XNUMX (kusuka kungobo yomlando ka-A.P. Ershov, BAN)
Yiqiniso, umhlabathi walokhu wawulungiselelwe isikhathi eside - ukuthuthukiswa kwemfundo ephakeme ngamaqembu ahlukene kwaqala ukuxoxwa ngakho ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970.
Ngomnotho ohleliwe waseSoviet, isinqumo esihlangene sasibaluleke kakhulu futhi sasikhuthaza ngokucacile isenzo esisheshayo, kodwa sasingenalo izixazululo ezenziwe ngomumo. Ngaphambilini, ezinye izingane zesikole zazikwazi ukuhlangana namakhompyutha ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwezimboni, kodwa izikole zazingenawo awazo amakhompyutha. Manje, ngisho noma abaqondisi bathola imali yokuthenga izinto zokuqeqesha, babengazi ukuthi imiphi imishini okufanele bayithenge. Ngenxa yalokho, izikole eziningi zazithola sezihlome ngezinhlobonhlobo zemishini (yokubili eyaseSoviet neyamazwe angaphandle), ngezinye izikhathi engasebenzisani ngisho nangaphakathi kwekilasi elilodwa.
Impumelelo ekusabalaleni kwe-IT ezikoleni yanqunywa kakhulu isazi semfundo ephakeme u-Andrei Petrovich Ershov, okugcinwe kuyo yonke ingobo yomlando. , enikelwe inkinga yemishini yezobuchwepheshe yamakilasi esayensi yekhompyutha. Ikhomishana ekhethekile yeminyango ehlukahlukene yenza ukuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa kwe-Agat PC ngezinjongo zemfundo futhi ayizange ineliseke: i-Agats yabonakala ingahambelani namanye amakhompyutha aziwayo futhi yasebenza ngesisekelo se-microprocessor engu-6502, eyayingenayo i-analogue e-USSR. Ngemva kwalokhu, ochwepheshe bekhomishana bahlola izinketho ezimbalwa zekhompiyutha ezitholakalayo emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe - okokuqala, kwakudingeka ukhethe phakathi kwamakhompiyutha asendlini angu-8-bit afana nemishini ehambisanayo ye-Atari, Amstrad, Yamaha MSX kanye ne-IBM PC.
Ingcaphuno evela kumemo evela kunobhala wesigaba se-informatics nobuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha ezikhungweni zemfundo ze-Interdepartmental Commission on Computer Science, O. F. Titov, kuya ku-academician A. P. Ershov (kusuka kungobo yomlando ka-A. P. Ershov, BAN)
Ehlobo lika-1985, ukhetho lwenziwa kumakhompiyutha e-MSX e-architecture, futhi ngoDisemba 4200 amasethi atholakele futhi asakazwa kulo lonke elase-USSR. Ukusebenzisa bekunzima kakhulu ngoba ukulethwa kwakho kokubili imibhalo nesofthiwe kusalele ngemuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1986 kwavela ukuthi isofthiwe eyakhiwe yi-Informatics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences ayihambisani ne-100% nemininingwane yezobuchwepheshe: ezinye izinhlelo kuphela ezingasetshenziswa esikoleni, futhi inkontileka ayihlinzeki. ukusekela kwezobuchwepheshe.
Ngakho-ke umbono omuhle onemininingwane eyisisekelo, indlela yezemfundo kanye nesisekelo sobuchwepheshe esikhethwe ngokuhlolwa (esicishe sahanjiswa kubasebenzisi bokugcina) sibhekane nokucekelwa phansi kokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlangano nezifunda ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kobunzima bokusebenzisa le ndlela entsha, imizamo eqalwe izikhungo zezemfundo ibe nemiphumela. Othisha besikole besifundo esisanda kwethulwa i-OIVT - okuyisisekelo sesayensi yekhompiyutha nobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha - bafunde ukuchaza izisekelo zokuhlela ezinganeni zesikole, futhi abaningi babo bafunde kangcono i-BASIC kunesiNgisi.
Abaningi balabo abafunda ezikoleni zaseSoviet phakathi nawo-1980 bakhumbula ama-Yamahas ngemfudumalo. Le mishini ekuqaleni yayiwumshini wokudlala, futhi izingane zesikole zazivame ukuyisebenzisela injongo yayo yasekuqaleni.
Njengoba lawa bekungamakhompyutha esikole, bekungeke kwenzeke ukukhuphukela ngaphakathi ngaso leso sikhathi - kwanikezwa isivikelo esiyisisekelo ezinganeni ezifuna ukwazi. Ikesi alisuki, kodwa livula ngokucindezela ama-latches atholakala emigodini engabonakali.
Ibhodi nama-chips kungamaJapane, ngaphandle kwe-Zilog Z80 microprocessor. Futhi esimweni sakhe, cishe, amasampula enziwe eJapane asetshenziswa.
Iprosesa efanayo ye-Zilog Z80 ephinde yanika amandla i-ZX Spectrum, i-ColecoVision game console, ngisho ne-iconic synthesizer Prophet-5.
Ikhompiyutha yayiyi-Russian, futhi ukuhlelwa kwekhibhodi kwabonakala kungavamile emehlweni esimanje. Izinhlamvu zesiRashiya zisesimweni esivamile esithi YTSUKEN, kodwa izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu zesiLatini zihlelwa ngokuvumelana nomgomo wokuhumusha othi JCUKEN.
Inguqulo yethu iyinguqulo yabafundi, ukusebenza kwayo kunomkhawulo kancane. Ngokungafani nekathisha, ayinaso isilawuli se-disk drive noma ama-floppy drive amabili angu-3".
Ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla kukhona amachweba okuxhumana kwe-serial - okokufundisa kwekhompyutha kwahlanganiswa kwaba yinethiwekhi yendawo.
I-ROM yomshini ekuqaleni ibiqukethe otolika be-BASIC kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-CP/M kanye ne-MSX-DOS.
Amakhompyutha okuqala afakwe ama-ROM asuka kunguqulo yangaphambili ye-MSX
Iziqaphi zazixhunywe kumakhompyutha, phakathi kwazo ezazivame kakhulu i-EIZO 3010 enohlobo oluluhlaza lokukhanya. Umthombo wesithombe:
Kwakukhona izindlela ezimbili zokusebenza: umfundi nomfundi; ngokusobala, lokhu bekudingeka ukuze uthisha akhiphe imisebenzi ngenethiwekhi yendawo.
Qaphela ukuthi amakhompuyutha e-MSX e-architecture awazange akhiqizwe i-Yamaha kuphela, kodwa nabakhiqizi abaningi baseJapane, baseKorea, nabamaShayina. Isibonelo, isikhangiso sekhompyutha ye-Daewoo MSX.
Yebo, kulabo abadabukile ngamakilasi apholile esayensi yekhompiyutha ezikoleni zaseSoviet, kunenjabulo ekhethekile - . Uyakhumbula?
Source: www.habr.com