Ngezansi kokusikiwe indlela iphrojekthi enkulu kunazo zonke e-Russia yokuqoqwa nokugaywa kabusha kwezisetshenziswa, kanye nohambo olufushane oluya endaweni egaywa kabusha lapho izinto zikagesi nezinto zasendlini zigaywa kabusha.
Into ethakazelisa kakhulu enqubweni yokucubungula okuyinhloko ngumsebenzi wabahlukanisi, ohlukanisa izakhi zohlobo olufunayo kusuka imvuthuluka yomhlaba wonke. Futhi lapha, futhi, kukhona indawo ye-AI.
Cishe iminyaka eyi-10, besibambe amaphromoshini wokuqoqwa kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwezisetshenziswa, lapho sanikeza khona izaphulelo ekuthengeni okusha. Futhi kusukela ehlobo eledlule baqala ukwenza lokhu ngokuqhubekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho kungenzeka ngaphandle kwemibandela eyengeziwe. Odinga ukukwenza nje ukuletha endaweni yesevisi yesinye sezitolo zethu ezibambe iqhaza kuphrojekthi bese ugcwalisa ifomu lokwenqaba. Manje lokhu kungenziwa ezitolo ze-383 M.Video ne-Eldorado emadolobheni ayisishiyagalolunye nasezifundeni (eMoscow, eMoscow Region, eSt. Okwamanje, ukususwa kwemishini emikhulu endala kunga-odwa lapho kulethwa okusha, kodwa esikhathini esizayo sizohlinzeka ngesevisi ehlukile. Nge-SKO Electronics-Recycling Association, sisebenza nenethiwekhi yezitshalo ezigaywa kabusha ezifundeni ezihlukene zaseRussia. Ukuze kube lula ukubalwa kwezimali nokulawula, sidale isistimu ye-IT elula lapho sibhalisa khona wonke amadivaysi anikezwe amakhasimende, ngemva kwalokho singakwazi ukulandelela isiphetho sawo.
Ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye ezedlule, sinikeze amathani angama-292 emishini ukuze igaywe kabusha. Izingcezu lezi zingamayunithi angama-24. Amakhasimende ethu angaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-900 azilethile kithi. Abathengi banikeze kakhulu omakhalekhukhwini, omabonakude, amafoni asekhaya, ama-headphone, ama-ayina namaketela. Futhi manje sifuna ukukutshela ukuthi kwenzekani ngokulandelayo ngale nqubo. Ukuze senze lokhu, saya kubalingani bethu embonini ye-Ecotekhprom, etholakala esifundeni saseMoscow, amakhilomitha amahlanu ukusuka eMoscow Ring Road.
Kungani kudingeka ukugaywa kabusha?
Kuwo wonke umthamo wemfucuza, izinto zasendlini nezinto zikagesi zithatha cishe u-7% (ngemuva kwalokhu, izibalo ezimenyezelwe ngumqondisi omkhulu we-Ecotekhprom, uVladimir Preobrazhensky). Kodwa udoti we-elekthronikhi obangela u-70% womonakalo emvelweni. Aqukethe zonke izinhlobo zezinsimbi ezisindayo, i-mercury, ama-freons, amafutha. Lezi zakhi ekugcineni zithola indlela yazo emanzini angaphansi komhlaba kanye nemithombo yokuphuza ubuthi kanye nomhlabathi.
Lapho yonke into igaywa kabusha
Njengesibonelo, sizokutshela ngomunye wabalingani - isitshalo se-Ecotekhprom eduze kwaseMoscow, esiyingxenye ye-Ecopolis Corporation. Iphethe izitshalo ezimbalwa ezicubungulayo ezisebenza ngomjikelezo ovalekile ezingakhiphi ezimotweni. Labo. Mayelana nobungane bemvelo, konke kumi ngohlelo.
Kuleli bhizinisi, izinto zokusebenza zihlukaniswa zibe izingxenye, zichotshozwe futhi zihlungwe. Imikhiqizo yokugcina ecutshunguliwe, efana nezinhlayiya zepulasitiki noma izinsimbi ezingenayo ayoni, ikhiqizwa kwamanye amabhizinisi enhlangano.
Kwenziwa kanjani ukugaywa kabusha?
Ngokuvamile, yonke into ilula: udinga ukwamukela imishini, susa amabhethri, amashubhu esithombe, ukupompa i-freon kusuka eziqandisini, bese uyithumela ku-shredder. Ekukhipheni, thola imvuthuluka, uzihlele zibe izinsimbi namapulasitiki bese uzidlulisela ukuze ziqhubeke zicutshungulwa kwezinye izitshalo.
Eqinisweni, konke kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Futhi inani elikhulu kakhulu lobuchwepheshe lihilelekile ekuhlungeni. Kodwa ake siqale ngokulandelana, nge-panorama.
I-panorama ye-workshop enkulu. Isithombe: Ecotekhprom
Indawo engaphambili ihloselwe ukugcina izinto zikagesi ezizogaywa kabusha. Kwesokunxele kukhona inkundla lapho ukuqaqa kwenziwa khona. Ngakwesokudla ekujuleni kukhona ama-shredders nezihlukanisi.
Futhi manje ngemininingwane.
Ukuthunyelwa okusanda kufika ngakunye kuyahlelwa: izinto zikagesi ezinkulu zasendlini ziya ohlangothini olulodwa, yonke into enamashubhu ezithombe iya esigabeni esikhethekile, kanti izinto zikagesi zivele zilahlwe ezinqwabani ezinkulu.
Kusukela kulezi zinqwaba, isikhohlisi siyisa ku-conveyor, lapho ukuqaqa kwenziwa khona.
Isithombe: Ecotekhprom
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo azisonteki lapho kudingeka khona - zisiza ngesando, izingxenye ezinkulu zepulasitiki, ingilazi nensimbi kanye nezintambo zihlukaniswe komunye nomunye. Khona-ke konke lokhu kuzoya kuma-shredders ahlukene kanye nabahlukanisi.
I-shredder yezimboni ilindele imishini emikhulu. Uya lapho ngokuphelele.
Okuwukuphela kwento: ngaphambi kwalokhu, i-freon ikhishwa ezinhlelweni zokupholisa zamafriji kusetshenziswa izinsiza ezikhethekile, ezilahlwa ngokuhlukana kwamanye amabhizinisi. Kuyingozi ngoba kungacekela phansi ungqimba lwe-ozone eMhlabeni.
Umshini wokuwasha ungena ku-shredder
Ngemuva kwe-shredder, isigaba sokuhlukanisa siqala.
Ahlukaniswa kanjani amapulasitiki nezinsimbi?
Kukhona abahlukanisi abayisithupha e-Ekotekhprom. Eziningana zamanje ze-eddy, ezilungiselwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsimbi, umoya, i-neodymium ne-optical.
Umazibuthe we-neodymium usetshenziselwa ukukhetha izinsimbi ezingayoni enqwabeni evamile.
Khona-ke i-sieving ingena izihlukanisi zamanje ze-eddy. Lapho, amapulasitiki ahlukaniswa nezinsimbi, futhi amaqembu ahlukene ezinsimbi ahlukaniswa komunye nomunye.
Izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi ezixutshiwe zingena kulesi sitsha
Futhi lezi zikhwama ziqukethe amapulasitiki nezinye imvuthu
Isimiso sokusebenza sesihlukanisi samanje se-eddy sisekelwe kumaza e-Foucault akhiqiziwe. Ukungena kuwo, i-conductive material (lapho kukhona ama-electron amahhala) iphushwa ngaphandle, futhi izinto eziphilayo (ipulasitiki, irabha) zivele ziwe phansi.
Isihlukanisi esibonakalayo
Izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi sezivele zihlungwe kusetshenziswa isihlukanisi esibonakalayo. Lona idivayisi yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kakhulu lapha. Baye basebenzela ukuyibeka izinyanga ezimbalwa manje, bengeza izinhlelo ezidingekayo: kwakukhona ezintathu zazo ephaketheni eliyisisekelo, kodwa manje sidinga eziyisikhombisa. Lokhu kungenzeka lapho ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI kungaletha izinzuzo ezinkulu. Futhi uzovela lapha maduze.
Yebo, akuzona izinsimbi kuphela ezingahlelwa kusetshenziswa lokhu kufakwa. Le nto encane ilayishwe lapho:
Isihlukanisi sinezici ezimbili ezibalulekile: igumbi kanye nenzwa yokungeniswa. Eyokuqala irekhoda usayizi nombala, futhi inzwa isabela ensimbi. Ingxenyana engahlungiwe ifakwa ngokucophelela ebhandeni lokuhambisa, okuthi, lidlule ezinzwa, liphele ngekama elinezimbobo zomoya neziqukathi ezimbili. Uma izinzwa zithola isici esifiswayo, umlomo wombhobho uyavulwa lapho kulahlwa khona udoti osuka ebhandeni lapho itholakala khona, uyikhiphe enqwabeni evamile uyifake esitsheni esihlukile. Isikhathi ngasinye isihlukanisi sihlukanisa into eyodwa, isibonelo ithusi, bese kuba ithusi, njll.
Indaba ngokuhlelwa kwepulasitiki ihluke kancane. Njengoba kungaba nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-40 zamapulasitiki, ukuhlukaniswa ngobuningi kuyasetshenziswa. Benza ingxube ye-saline lapho into eyodwa intanta futhi enye izinze. Ubuningi besixazululo bulawula ukuhlukana. Konke lokhu kwenzeka kwenye inkampani ye-corporation, lapho imvuthuluka yepulasitiki ithunyelwa e-Ecotekhprom ngeziqukathi ezithambile (izikhwama ezinkulu).
Ukulahlwa kwezinto eziyingozi
Sesike sakhuluma ngokumpompa ama-freon eziqandisini ezindala ngenhla. Iqoqwe kumasilinda akhethekile futhi ithathwe endaweni ekhethekile ye-neutralization.
Enye ingxenye eyingozi kwemvelo amashubhu ezithombe. Ziqukethe inani elikhulu le-lead oxide ne-barium. I-phosphor nayo iyingozi.
Ukuze kusetshenziswe kabusha amashubhu ezithombe, inkampani ifake amakhamera amaningana akhethekile. Lapho, amashubhu esithombe asikwa ngokucophelela futhi i-phosphor isuswa ngesicoci se-vacuum esakhelwe ngaphakathi, emva kwalokho konke lokhu kuthunyelwa ebhizinisini elikhethekile elivuselela izinto eziqukethe i-mercury.
Isiphetho esihlukile silindele ama-accumulators namabhethri. Baqoqwa esiteji sokuhlakaza imishini futhi bahanjiswe ebhizinisini elikhethekile.
Mayelana nokuthengisa
Izinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha zithathwa yizinkampani ezibe sezibhala ku-passport yomkhiqizo wazo ngamunye ukuthi okuningi kwenziwa ngezinto ezigaywe kabusha. Ipulasitiki egaywe kabusha ithengwa abakhiqizi beziqukathi, amapayipi endle, amabhentshi asemgwaqweni, amafasitela nebitumen. Ipulasitiki esindayo evela kumishini yasehhovisi ifaneleka kakhulu kulokhu.
Abathengi abakhulu bezinsimbi yiSeverstal neMagnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works. Ngokusho komqondisi, ukuhlanzeka kwensimbi anikezwe yona yi-94%, ecishe ifane nezindinganiso zaseYurophu, lapho ihlelwe khona ku-95%.
Yilokho ngokuyisisekelo yonke indaba. Kulo nyaka sihlela ukwethula uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwamanye amadolobha angu-12, futhi silwenze, phakathi kwezinye izinto, isevisi ehlukile futhi ezimele (lokhu uma kudingekile ukusindisa iplanethi emishinini emikhulu engasasebenzi ngokuyisusa endaweni yokufaka. ). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imishini emincane nephakathi nendawo isengalethwa ezindaweni zesevisi ezitolo zethu futhi siqiniseke ukuthi ukulahlwa kwayo kuzokwenzeka ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho.
Lezi zithuthuthu ezimbili zingama-exotic afanayo namakhasimende ethu aqasha ngawo
Source: www.habr.com