Amaholo kanjiniyela wesifunda ahluke kanjani eMoscow, uma kubhekwa izindleko zokuphila?

Ukulandela ezinyathelweni zethu inhlolovo yomholo jikelele engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2019, siyaqhubeka nokucacisa izici ezithile okungenzeka ukuthi azifakwanga ekubuyekezweni noma ezithintwe ngokukha phezulu kuphela. Namuhla sizobhekisisa izici zesifunda zamaholo: 

1. Ake sithole ukuthi bakhokha malini abathuthukisi abahlala emadolobheni aseRussia anabantu abayisigidi namadolobha amancane.
2. Ngokokuqala ngqa, sizoqonda ukuthi amaholo abathuthukisi besifunda ahluke kanjani kulawo aseMoscow, uma futhi sicabangela izindleko zokuphila.

Sithatha idatha yeholo iholo wokubala “Umbuthano Wami”, lapho abasebenzisi babonisa khona amaholo abawathola ezandleni zabo ngemva kokudonsa zonke izintela futhi bangabuka noma imaphi amanye amaholo ku-IT.

Okokuqala, ake siqhathanise amanani aphelele amaholo 

E-Moscow, umholo ophakathi womthuthukisi ungama-ruble angu-140, eSt. Petersburg - ama-ruble angu-000. Emadolobheni anabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi nakwamanye amadolobha, iholo eliphakathi liyafana - ama-ruble angu-120. Ekuboneni kokuqala, eSt. Petersburg umholo ungaphansi kwe-000% kuneMoscow, futhi emadolobheni esifunda - 80% ngaphansi. 

Uma siqhubeka nokuqhathanisa amaholo kanjiniyela ngendlela efanayo emadolobheni ngamanye, sizobona ukuthi ahluke kakhulu kwelinye. E-Novosibirsk, e-Nizhny Novgorod naseKrasnodar, iholo eliphakathi labathuthukisi lingaba ngama-ruble angu-90, okuyi-000% ngaphansi kwe-Moscow. EVolgograd, eYekaterinburg, Voronezh, Samara, Kazan naseKrasnoyarsk - cishe ama-ruble angu-35, okuyi-80% ngaphansi. E-Perm naseRostov-on-Don - cishe ama-ruble angu-000, okuyi-43% ngaphansi. E-Chelyabinsk nase-Omsk - cishe ama-ruble angu-70 000, okuyi-50% ngaphansi.

Okusho ukuthi, ngokusho kokuvela kokuqala, emadolobheni amaningi abathuthukisi baphila ngokumpofu izikhathi ezi-2 noma ngaphezulu kunozakwabo baseMoscow. Ingabe lokhu kungenzeka ngempela ezweni elilodwa? Kuthiwani uma sicabangela nezindleko zokuphila edolobheni ngalinye? Azohluka kangakanani amandla okuthenga angempela onjiniyela ngaleso sikhathi? 

Manje ake sicabangele nezindleko zokuphila

Asisebenzise usizo lwenkonzo Numbeo, eqoqa izibalo zezintengo zezimpahla nezinkonzo ezihlukahlukene emadolobheni emhlabeni jikelele. Lezi zintengo ziqhathaniswa nezintengo zezimpahla namasevisi afanayo e-New York, futhi izinkomba ezihambisanayo ziyabalwa, njengokulandelayo: 

1. Izindleko Zokuphila (Ngaphandle. Ukuqasha). Izindleko zenkomba yokuphila (engabandakanyi irenti) zibonisa umehluko wamanani entengo yezinto ezithengwayo - okuhlanganisa ukudla, izindawo zokudlela, ezokuthutha kanye nezinsiza - edolobheni uma kuqhathaniswa ne-New York. Izindleko zenkomba yokuphila azibandakanyi izindleko zokuphila njengerenti noma imali yendlu. Uma idolobha linenani lezindleko zokuphila lika-120, lokho kusho ukuthi iNumbeo ilinganisa ngo-20% eqolo kuneNew York.
2. Qasha Inkomba. Inkomba yerenti iwumehluko kumanani okuqasha amafulethi edolobheni uma kuqhathaniswa ne-New York City. Uma inkomba yokuqashwa ingu-80, iNumbeo ilinganisela ukuthi izindleko zokuqasha zedolobha ngokwesilinganiso zingaphansi ngo-20% kuneNew York City.
3. Izindleko ze-Living Plus Rent Index. I-Cost of Living Index kanye ne-Rent Index - Njengoba igama libonisa, le nkomba iyisamba sezinye ezimbili: izindleko zenkomba yokuphila kanye nenkomba yerenti. Lona umehluko wezintengo zezimpahla zabathengi namasevisi—okuhlanganisa nerenti—edolobheni uma kuqhathaniswa neDolobha laseNew York.

Njengoba ubona, noma iyiphi inkomba yaseNew York iyohlala ilingana ne-100. 

Ngezinjongo zethu, sizosebenzisa inkomba yakamuva ye-aggregate equkethe ulwazi ngezindleko zokuhlala nezindlu eziqashisayo edolobheni. 

Kusilungele ukuqhathanisa amadolobha ethu hhayi neNew York, kodwa neMoscow. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlukanisa inkomba yedolobha ngalinye elihlobene neNew York nge-Index yaseMoscow ehlobene ne-New York futhi iphindaphinde ngo-100 ukuze uthole amaphesenti. Sizobona isithombe esilandelayo: inkomba entsha yaseMoscow izolingana ne-100, izindleko zokuphila nokuqasha eSt. Petersburg zingama-22% aphansi, e-Chelyabinsk - ngo-42%. 

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sizofaka inkomba yomholo, sihlukanise iholo edolobheni ngalinye ngomholo waseMoscow. Nakulokhu sizobona ukuthi amaholo eSt. Petersburg aphansi ngo-14%, kanti eChelyabinsk - 57%.

Ngeshwa, iNumbeo ayinalo ulwazi kwamanye amadolobha ethu anezigidi nangaphezulu.

Idolobha	Umholo omaphakathi wonjiniyela, ama-ruble ayinkulungwane (idatha evela kuMbuthano Wami)	Inkomba yomholo ehlobene neMoscow	Izindleko zokuhlala kanye nenkomba yezindlu ehlobene ne-New York (idatha evela ku-Numbeo)	Izindleko zokuhlala kanye nenkomba yezindlu ehlobene neMoscow
Moscow	140	100,00	35,65	100,00
Saint Petersburg	120	85,71	27,64	77,53
Новосибирск	85	60,71	23,18	65,02
Nizhny Novgorod	92	65,71	24,14	67,71
I-Krasnodar	85	60,71	21,96	61,60
Екатеринбург	80	57,14	23,53	66,00
Voronezh	80	57,14	21,19	59,44
Samara	79	56,43	22,99	64,49
I-Kazan	78	55,71	22,91	64,26
Пермь	70	50,00	21,51	60,34
I-Rostov-na-Donu	70	50,00	22,64	63,51
I-Chelyabinsk	60	42,86	20,74	58,18

Ukwazi iholo kanye nezindleko zokuphila kanye nezindlu ezihlobene neMoscow edolobheni ngalinye, singaqhathanisa ukuthi zingaki izimpahla nezinsizakalo ezingathengwa edolobheni ngalinye uma kuqhathaniswa nezimpahla nezinsizakalo ezifanayo eMoscow. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlukanisa inkomba yeholo ngenani lenkomba yokuhlala nezindlu bese uphindaphinda ngo-100 ukuze uthole iphesenti. 

Masishayele inombolo ewumphumela Inkomba yokuhlinzekwa kwempahla yendawo, izinsiza kanye nezindlu. Futhi sizobona isithombe esilandelayo esithakazelisayo: e-St. Petersburg, umthuthukisi angathenga izimpahla zendawo, izinsizakalo nezindlu ezingaphezu kuka-10% kunaseMoscow. Futhi e-Krasnodar, e-Nizhny Novgorod naseVoronezh - kuphela 1-4% ngaphansi kweMoscow, okungukuthi, cishe okufanayo. Inkomba ephansi kunazo zonke e-Chelyabinsk - lapha umthuthukisi unikezwa ngezimpahla, izinsizakalo kanye nezindlu ezingaphansi kuka-26% ngaphansi kweMoscow.

Ukwengeza, ake sibheke izinkomba ezimbili: izindleko zokuphila kanye nezindleko zezindlu eziqashisayo. Siyabona ukuthi onjiniyela abavela emadolobheni esifunda bakhokha kancane ngo-60-70% ngezindlu eziqashisayo, kanye no-20-25% ngaphansi kwezimpahla namasevisi wendawo.

Idolobha	Umholo wonjiniyela ophakathi, ama-ruble ayinkulungwane	Izindleko zokuphila index isihlobo eMoscow	Inkomba yezindleko zezindlu ehlobene neMoscow	Inkomba yokuhlinzekwa kwempahla yendawo, izinsizakalo kanye nezindlu
Saint Petersburg	120	89,50	58,35	110,55
Moscow	140	100,00	100,00	100,00
I-Krasnodar	85	77,91	34,43	98,56
Nizhny Novgorod	92	83,44	39,35	97,05
Voronezh	80	77,91	27,13	96,14
Новосибирск	85	79,90	38,51	93,38
Samara	79	80,47	36,11	87,50
I-Kazan	78	80,27	35,81	86,70
Екатеринбург	80	81,98	37,93	86,58
Пермь	70	77,75	30,89	82,87
I-Rostov-na-Donu	70	81,04	32,57	78,73
I-Chelyabinsk	60	76,56	26,11	73,67

Ukufingqa

• Uma siqhathanisa amaholo abathuthukisi abavela emadolobheni ahlukene aseRussia ngokuqondile ngenani elibhekene nalo, khona-ke ngobuningi bazoba ngama-35-60% ngaphansi kwamaholo aseMoscow.
• Uma sicabangela izindleko zezimpahla zendawo, izinsizakalo kanye nezindlu eziqashisayo, khona-ke amandla okuthenga angempela abathuthukisi besifunda angase abe ngaphezu kweMoscow - njengaseSt. Petersburg, noma cishe okufanayo - njengaseKrasnodar, eNizhny Novgorod. futhi Voronezh.
• I-Chelyabinsk inamandla aphansi okuthenga phakathi kwamadolobha anabantu abayisigidi - lapha umthuthukisi unikezwa izimpahla, izinsizakalo kanye nezindlu ezingaphansi kuka-26% ngaphansi kweMoscow.
• Lokhu kulinganisa kwamazinga okuphila - naphezu komehluko obalulekile ngezinye izikhathi emiholweni yokuqamba - kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi abathuthukisi abavela emadolobheni esifunda bakhokha kancane ngo-60-70% wezindlu eziqashisayo, kanye no-20-25% ngaphansi kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo zendawo.

Uma uthanda ucwaningo lwethu lwamaholo futhi ufuna ukuthola imininingwane enembe nakakhulu futhi ewusizo, ungakhohlwa ukushiya amaholo akho kumshini wokubala wethu, lapho sithatha khona yonke idatha: moikrug.ru/salaries/new. Akwaziwa.

Source: www.habr.com