Lesi sihloko sinikezelwe ekuhlaziyeni okuqhathanisayo kwezinhlangano ezinengqondo ezivela emsebenzini wesazi sefilosofi saseJalimane u-Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel "Isayensi Yengqondo" enezifaniso zabo noma ukungabikho kwabo ezinhlelweni.

Amabhizinisi asuka ku-Science of Logic abhalwe ngomalukeke ukuze agweme ukudideka ngezincazelo ezivame ukwamukelwa zalawa magama.

Ubumsulwa

Uma uvula incazelo ubumsulwa encwadini, uzobona umugqa othakazelisayo "ngaphandle kwencazelo eyengeziwe". Kodwa kulabo abangafundile noma abangaqondi, ungajahi ukusola umbhali we-dementia. Ubumsulwa - lokhu kungumqondo oyisisekelo ku-logic ka-Hegel, okusho ukuthi into ethile ikhona, sicela ungayiphambanisi nokuba khona kwento, into ingase ingabi khona empeleni, kodwa uma siyichaza ngandlela-thile ku-logic yethu, ikhona. Uma ucabanga ngakho, zikhona ngempela izinto ezinjengalezi ubumsulwa akunakwenzeka ukunikeza incazelo, futhi noma yimuphi umzamo onjalo uzofika eqinisweni lokuthi uzomane ubhekisele komqondofana noma ophikisana nabo. Ubumsulwa umqondo onjalo ongacacile ukuthi ungasetshenziswa kunoma yini, kuhlanganise nayo uqobo. Kwezinye izilimi ezigxile entweni, kungenzeka ukumela noma yini njengento, kuhlanganisa nokusebenza ezintweni, okuyisimiso esisinika izinga elinjalo lokuthatha. Nokho, ekuhleleni i-analogue eqondile ubumsulwa Cha. Ukuhlola ubukhona bento, sidinga ukuhlola ukungabikho kwayo.

if(obj != null);

Kuyamangaza ukuthi ushukela onjalo we-syntactic awukho okwamanje, njengoba leli sheke lithandwa kakhulu.

Lutho

Ungaqagela kanjani lutho ukungabibikho kwanoma yini. Futhi i-analogue yayo ingabizwa ngokuthi NULL. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kusayensi ye-logic lutho kuyinto ubumsulwa, ngoba nalo likhona. Lokhu kubamba kancane; asikwazi ukufinyelela okuthi NULL njengento nganoma yiluphi ulimi, nakuba empeleni kuwulodwa futhi.

Ukwakheka kanye nezikhathi

Ukufometha inguquko esuka lutho в ukuba nangokuthi ukuba в lutho. Lokho kusinika okubili umzuzu, owokuqala ubizwa ukuvela, neyesibili edlulayo. Isiqephu kubizwa kanjalo esikhundleni sokunyamalala, ngoba ingqikithi enengqondo empeleni ayikwazi ukunyamalala ngaphandle kokuthi siyikhohliwe. Ukuhoxiswa kanjalo singabiza inqubo yokunikezwa. Uma into yethu iqalwa, ke umzuzu wokwenzeka, futhi uma kwenzeka kwabela elinye inani noma NULL umzuzu wokudlula.

obj = new object(); //возникновение
obj = null; //прехождение

Ubukhona

Kafushane ubukhona into engenayo incazelo ecacile, kodwa ine isiqiniseko. Kusho ukuthini. Isibonelo se-canonical yisihlalo esijwayelekile. Uma uzama ukunikeza incazelo ecacile, uzobhekana nobunzima obuningi. Isibonelo, uthi: "lena ifenisha eyenzelwe ukuhlala," kodwa isihlalo siphinde senzelwe lokhu, njll. Kodwa ukushoda kwencazelo ecacile akusivimbeli ukuthi siyigqamise emkhathini futhi siyisebenzise uma sidlulisa ulwazi ngayo, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ekhanda lethu kukhona isiqiniseko isitulo. Mhlawumbe abanye sebevele baqagela ukuthi amanethiwekhi e-neural adalwe ukuze ahlukanise izinto ezinjalo ekusakazweni kwedatha. Inethiwekhi ye-neural ingachazwa njengomsebenzi ochaza lokhu isiqiniseko, kodwa azikho izinhlobo zezinto ezingafaka izincazelo ezicacile nezingaqondakali, ngakho-ke izinto ezinjalo azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ezingeni elifanayo lokucaphuna.

Umthetho wokuguqulwa kwezinguquko zobuningi zibe yikhwalithi

Lo mthetho wakhiwe nguFriedrich Engels njengomphumela wokuchazwa komqondo kaHegel. Nokho, kungabonakala ngokucacile emqulwini wokuqala esahlukweni esithi okungenani. Umongo wayo yilokho ubuningi izinguquko entweni zingayithinta ikhwalithi. Isibonelo, sinento yeqhwa; ngokunqwabelana kwezinga lokushisa, izophenduka ibe amanzi awuketshezi futhi ishintshe izimfanelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu kuziphatha entweni, kunephethini yedizayini yoMbuso. Ukuvela kwesixazululo esinjalo kubangelwa ukungabikho ezinhlelweni zento enjengokuthi isisekelo ngoba ukuvela into. Isisekelo inquma izimo into engavela ngaphansi kwazo, futhi ku-algorithm thina ngokwethu sinquma ukuthi yiliphi iphuzu esilidingayo ukuqalisa into.

PS: Uma lolu lwazi luthakazelisa, ngizobuyekeza ezinye izinhlangano ezivela kuSayensi yeLogic.

Source: www.habr.com