Eminyakeni engaphezu kwe-100 edlule, ososayensi babenesithakazelo emandleni obuchopho futhi bazama ukuqonda ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba nomthelela ngandlela-thile. Ngo-1875, udokotela waseNgilandi u-Richard Cato wakwazi ukubona insimu kagesi ebuthakathaka ebusweni bobuchopho onogwaja nezinkawu. Kwabe sekuba nezinto eziningi ezatholwa nokucwaninga, kodwa ngo-1950 kuphela, uprofesa wesayensi yezomzimba waseYale University uJose Manuel Rodriguez Delgado wasungula idivayisi ye-Stimosiver, eyayingafakwa ebuchosheni futhi eyayilawulwa kusetshenziswa amasignali omsakazo.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwenziwa ezinkawini namakati. Ngakho-ke, ukugqugquzelwa kwendawo ethile yobuchopho nge-electrode efakiwe kwabangela ukuba ikati liphakamise udladla lwangemuva. Ngokusho kukaDelgado, lesi silwane asizange sibonise izimpawu zokungaphatheki kahle ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okunjalo.
Futhi eminyakeni engu-13 kamuva, usosayensi wachitha - wafaka ama-stimoseivers ebuchosheni benkunzi futhi wabulawula ngesidlulisi esiphathwayo.
Yaqala kanjalo-ke inkathi ye-neural interfaces kanye nobuchwepheshe obukwazi ukukhulisa amandla ebhayoloji yabantu. Kakade ngo-1972, kwaqala ukudayiswa ukufakelwa kwe-cochlear, okwashintsha umsindo waba isignali kagesi, wawudlulisela ebuchosheni futhi empeleni kwavumela abantu abanokukhubazeka okukhulu kwezindlebe ukuba bezwe. Futhi ngo-1973, igama elithi "ubuchopho-computer interface" lasetshenziswa ngokomthetho ngokokuqala ngqá. Ngo-1998, usosayensi uPhilip Kennedy wafaka i-neural interface yokuqala esigulini, umculi uJohnny Ray. Ngemva kokushaywa unhlangothi, uJohnny walahlekelwa ikhono lokunyakaza. Kodwa ngenxa yokufakelwa, wafunda ukuhambisa ikhesa ngokucabanga kuphela ukunyakaza kwezandla zakhe.
Kulandela ososayensi, umqondo wokwakha i-neural interface wathathwa yizinkampani ezinkulu zamabhizinisi kanye nabaqalayo. I-Facebook no-Elon Musk sebevele bamemezele inhloso yabo yokuthuthukisa uhlelo oluzosiza ukulawula izinto ngamandla okucabanga. Abanye babeka amathemba abo kuma-neural interfaces - ubuchwepheshe buzovumela abantu abakhubazekile ukuthi babuyisele imisebenzi elahlekile, bathuthukise ukuhlunyeleliswa komuntu ohlaselwe isifo sohlangothi noma ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu. Abanye bayangabaza ngentuthuko enjalo, bekholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kugcwele izinkinga zomthetho nezokuziphatha.
Yiba noma kunjalo, kunenani elanele labadlali abakhulu emakethe. Uma ukholwa , ezinye intuthuko seziyekiwe, kodwa ezinye zithandwa kakhulu futhi azithengeki.
Iyini i-neural interface futhi ingaba usizo kanjani?
Izinhlobo zamagagasi obuchopho
I-neural interface iwuhlelo lokushintshana ngolwazi phakathi kobuchopho bomuntu nesisetshenziswa sikagesi. Lobu ubuchwepheshe obuvumela umuntu ukuthi axhumane nomhlaba wangaphandle okusekelwe ekurekhodeni umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho - i-electroencephalogram (EEG). Isifiso somuntu sokwenza isenzo esithile sibonakala ekushintsheni kwe-EEG, okubuye kuchazwe yikhompyutha.
I-Neurointerface ingaba i-unidirectional noma i-bidirectional. Owokuqala angathola amasignali avela ebuchosheni noma athumele kuwo. Eyakamuva ingathumela futhi yamukele amasignali kanyekanye.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokulinganisa izimpawu zobuchopho. Zihlukene ngezinhlobo ezintathu.
- Ayihlaseleki. Izinzwa zibekwe ekhanda ukukala amandla kagesi akhiqizwa ubuchopho (EEG) kanye nenkundla kazibuthe (MEG).
- I-Semi-invasive. Ama-electrode abekwe endaweni esobala yobuchopho.
- Okuhlaselayo. Ama-Microelectrodes afakwa ngqo ku-cerebral cortex, ukulinganisa umsebenzi we-neuron eyodwa.
Isici esiyinhloko se-neural interface ukuthi ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume ngqo ebuchosheni. Lokhu kungenziwani ngokusebenza? I-Neural interface, isibonelo, ingenza kube lula noma iguqule kakhulu izimpilo zabantu abakhubazekile. Abanye abakwazi ukubhala, ukunyakaza noma ukukhuluma. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuchopho babo busebenza ngempela. I-neural interface izovumela laba bantu ukuthi benze izenzo ezithile ngokufunda izinhloso besebenzisa ama-electrode axhunywe ebuchosheni.
Enye inketho yokusebenzisa i-neural interface yasungulwa ososayensi baseMelika abakha i-cyber prosthesis ekwazi ukuthuthukisa inkumbulo yomuntu ngama-30%. Lo mshini ukhiqiza izinzwa ezisiza isiguli sakhe izinkumbulo ezintsha futhi sikhumbule ubuso bezihlobo. Kulindeleke ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kuzosiza ukulwa nesifo sokuwohloka komqondo, i-Alzheimer's kanye nezinye izinkinga zenkumbulo.
Ngaphezu kwezempilo, ukuxhumana kwe-neural kungasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa komuntu siqu, umsebenzi nokuzijabulisa, kanye nokuxhumana nabanye. Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezithokozisayo ezinganikezwa yi-neurotechnology kulezi zindawo?
Ukuzithuthukisa
Mhlawumbe indawo ethandwa kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kwe-neural interfaces kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthuthukiswa kwanoma yimaphi amakhono omuntu. Ukuqeqeshwa okuhlukahlukene kunikezelwe kulokhu, amasistimu okuthuthukiswa kwamakhono engqondo, amasistimu okushintsha ukuziphatha, amasistimu okuvimbela ingcindezi, i-ADHD, amasistimu okusebenza nezimo zengqondo-ngokomzwelo, njalonjalo. Lolu hlobo lomsebenzi luze lube negama lalo, “ukufaneleka kobuchopho”.
Uyini umnyombo wombono? Ngenxa yocwaningo oluningi, kuye kwasungulwa imibono ethile efakazelwe mayelana nokuthi lokhu noma lowo msebenzi wobuchopho uhambisana kanjani nezimo zokuqaphela komuntu. Ama-algorithms avele ukuze anqume izinga lokunaka, ukugxilisa ingqondo nokuzindla, nokuphumula kwengqondo. Engeza kulokhu ikhono lokufunda i-EEG ne-electromyography (EMG), futhi umphumela uba isithombe sesimo somuntu samanje.
Futhi lapho udinga ukufunda indlela yokuyenga isimo esithile sengqondo-ngokomzwelo, umuntu uziqeqesha esebenzisa idivayisi okuxhunywe kuyo i-neural interface. Kunenani elikhulu lezinhlelo zokubuka ngeso lengqondo i-EEG kanye nezimo ze-psycho-emotional; ngeke sizichaze zonke. Ukuqeqeshwa ukubizela umuntu esimweni esidingekayo sokuqaphela kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-biofeedback EEG (i-biofeedback esekelwe ku-electroencephalography).
Indlela ebukeka ngayo ekusebenzeni: Abazali bafuna ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezingane zabo ezifundweni futhi banqobe i-ADHD (ukuphazamiseka kokunaka kokungasebenzi kahle kokunaka). Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa uhlelo olukhethekile (isibonelo, kusuka ), ukukhetha okusethiwe kokuqeqesha izifunda ezifunayo: ukucabangela, ukugxilisa ingqondo, ukuphumula, ukuzindla, ukuvimbela i-hyperconcentration. Khetha uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa kwezinga lokuhlushwa. Futhi bayayethula.
Uhlelo lunikeza ukuqeqeshwa kwengane lapho idinga khona ukugcina amagagasi e-Alpha ne-Beta ngaphezu kwezinga elithile. Amagagasi akufanele awe ngaphansi kwezinga elithile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinto zevidiyo ezikhethwe abazali zidlalwa efasiteleni lohlelo. Isibonelo, ikhathuni oyikhonzile. Ingane imane ibukele ikhathuni, iqaphe amazinga amagagasi e-Alpha ne-Beta futhi ingenzi lutho olunye. Okulandelayo, i-biofeedback iqala ukusebenza. Umsebenzi wengane uwukugcina amazinga e-Alpha ne-Beta ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa.
Uma elinye lamazinga liwela ngaphansi kwenkomba edingekayo, ikhathuni iyaphazamiseka. Phakathi nezifundo zokuqala, ingane izozama ukubuyela ngendlela enenjongo esimweni esifisayo ukuze ibuke ikhathuni. Kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ubuchopho buzofunda ukuzimela ngokuzimela kulesi simo uma siphuma kuso (inqobo nje uma i-cartoon iyathakazelisa kumntwana, futhi isimo sokubuka "sikhululekile" ebuchosheni). Ngenxa yalokho, ingane ithuthukisa ikhono lokufaka isimo esidingekayo sokugxila, kanye nekhono lokugcina ukugxila ezingeni elithile.
Kubukeka kusabisa, kodwa ungajahi ukwesaba futhi ubize iziphathimandla zokuqapha. Kukhona nezixazululo ezilula ezisuselwe emidlalweni. Ngokwesibonelo, kusuka ku-NeuroSky. Umsebenzi womdlali ukwenza intuthwane iphushele into iqonde entuthwaneni. Kodwa ukuze intuthwane ihambe ngaphandle kokuma, kuyadingeka ukugcina izinga elithile lokugxila ngaphezu kwephuzu elithile esikalini esihambisanayo.
Lapho ugxilisa ingqondo kule nqubo, intuthwane iphusha into. Lapho nje izinga lokuhlushwa lehla, intuthwane iyama futhi uchitha isikhathi, okwenza umphumela wakho ube mubi. Ngezinga ngalinye, umdlalo uba nzima kakhulu njengoba izinga elidingekayo lokuhlushwa likhuphuka. Kukhona nezithikamezo ezengeziwe.
Njengomphumela wokuqeqeshwa okuvamile, umsebenzisi uthuthukisa ikhono lokugcina izinga lokugxilisa ingqondo nokunaka emsebenzini owenziwayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthikamezeka kwangaphandle noma kwangaphakathi. Lapha yonke into ifana nezemidlalo, akunakwenzeka ukuthola umzimba wezemidlalo ngokuya esikhungweni sokuzivocavoca izikhathi ezimbalwa noma ukudla ithini lamaprotheni. Ucwaningo emkhakheni we-biofeedback EEG lubonise ukuthi imiphumela yokuqeqeshwa kwalolu hlobo ibonakala kuphela ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-20 zeseshini evamile yemizuzu engu-20 ngayinye.
Ukuzijabulisa
Ama-Neuroheadset aphinde anikeze ithuba lokuzijabulisa. Kodwa yonke imidlalo nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuzijabulisa nazo zingamathuluzi okuzithuthukisa. Uma udlala amageyimu ngokusebenzisa i-neural interface, usebenzisa izimo zokuqaphela kwakho ukulawula abalingiswa. Futhi kanjalo funda ukuzilawula.
Igeyimu yokuphonsa amaloli ngomqondo wabadlali abaningi yenza omkhulu umsindo emuva kosuku. Umlingiswa ulawulwa ngokuvumelana nesikimu sokudubula somuntu wokuqala esivamile, kodwa ungakwazi ukulwa nabanye abadlali kuphela ngosizo lwemizamo yengqondo. Ukwenza lokhu, ukugxila komdlali nemingcele yokuzindla kuboniswa kusiqapha somdlalo.
Ukuze ujikijele ibhokisi, iloli, nanoma iyiphi enye into evela endaweni yomdlalo komele izimbangi, kufanele uyiphakamisele emoyeni usebenzisa amandla akho engqondo bese uyijikijela kophikisana naye. Ingase futhi "indize" ize kuwe, ngakho lowo osebenzisa ngempumelelo ikhono lokugxilisa ingqondo nokuzindla unqoba ingxabano. Kwakujabulisa kakhulu ukulwa ngamandla engqondo ngokumelene nabaphikisi bangempela. Phakathi kwemidlalo yakamuva singabala kusuka ku-MyndPlay.
Abakhiqizi banikeza nezinketho zemidlalo ethule. Ngokwesibonelo, izicelo zokudlala ezimbalwa ezidumile ngesikhathi esisodwa. Okunye okufanele kukhulunywe ngakho wumdlalo we-MyndPlay . Kulula: udinga ukwenza amashothi amathathu ukusuka kumnsalo bese ushaya inombolo enkulu yamaphoyinti. Ngeshothi ngayinye ungathola amaphuzu angu-10. Ngokusebenzisa okubonwayo, igeyimu ikugxilisa endaweni yayo, ngemva kwalokho umlingisi wakho angaqala ukuphokophela ekuqondisweni. Inkomba yezinga lokuhlushwa ivela efasiteleni lomdlali. Lapho ukugxila kuphezulu, lapho umcibisholo uzowushaya eduze kweshumi. Ishothi yesibili idinga ukuthi ufake isimo sokuzindla ukuze ushaye. Ukudubula kwesithathu kuzodinga ukugxilisa ingqondo futhi. Lena yindlela igeyimu ebonisa ngayo ngokucacile amandla athakazelisayo we-neural interfaces.
Ngaphezu kwemidlalo, kukhona nama-neurofilms asebenzisanayo. Cabanga nje: wahlala phansi kusofa, wafaka ihedisethi futhi wavula ifilimu esebenzisanayo ekhuluma ngama-skaters. Kwesinye isikhathi, kufika isikhashana lapho oshibilika eqhweni esheshisiwe futhi esezogxuma. Kuleli qophelo, kufanele ube i-skater ngokwakho ukuze ugxile ekugxumeni futhi ugcine izinga lokugxila lokuqaphela kuze kube yilapho umlingisi eqeda ukugxuma. Ngokugxila okwanele (okuqhathaniswa nempilo yangempela kanye nezinga elizodingeka empeleni), i-skater efilimini izokwenza ngempumelelo ukugxuma futhi isakhiwo sizodlulela kwimfoloko elandelayo esebenzisanayo. Uma ukugxilisa ingqondo kwakunjalo, khona-ke i-skater izowa, futhi ifilimu izolandela umugqa wendaba ohlukile.
Sekuthwetshulwe ngendlela efanayo ngesitayela sikaGuy Ritchie, kanye nenani lamanye amafilimu. Eqinisweni, isakhiwo nokuphela kwefilimu kuncike emizamweni yakho. Futhi kubonakala kuthakazelisa kakhulu.
I-logic elula nenegatsha yokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo
Isicelo emsebenzini
Ngokungeziwe ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha nezokuzijabulisa, abathuthukisi badale inani elikhulu lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihloselwe ukusetshenziswa ngochwepheshe. Isibonelo uhlelo lwe-MindRec, olwadalelwa ezokwelapha, ezemidlalo, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ezivamile kanye nochwepheshe bezengqondo abasebenza nabamele izikhungo zomthetho.
Isetshenziswa kanjani? Umuntu ufaka i-neuroheadset, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sethula uhlelo futhi siqala iseshini. Phakathi neseshini, ulwazi olulandelayo luyagadwa futhi lurekhodwe kumemori yekhompiyutha, okungukuthi: izinga lokugxilisa ingqondo, ukulalelisisa, izinga lokuzindla, isignali ye-EEG eluhlaza, ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa zokubuka ngesikhathi esisodwa, ebangeni ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-70 Hz. . Amasignali ahlukaniswe abe ububanzi befrikhwensi akha i-spectrum yesignali eyinhloko. Ukuhlukaniswa kwenziwa kube izigaba ezingu-8: i-Delta, i-Theta, i-Alpha Ephansi, i-Alpha Ephezulu, i-Low Beta, i-High Beta, i-Low Gamma, i-High Gamma. Uma kunesidingo, ukuqoshwa komsindo nevidiyo kwezenzo zesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kwenziwa.
Izinto ezirekhodiwe zingabuyekezwa, kubonwe yonke into eboniswe ngesikhathi sangempela phakathi neseshini. Uma isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo singabonanga okuthile ngaso leso sikhathi, lapho-ke sifunda kabusha iseshini noma ukuqeqeshwa, angakwazi ukutadisha izinguquko ekuphenduleni kwamagagasi obuchopho futhi aziqhathanise nolwazi lokulalelwayo nokubonwayo. Leli ithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu kunoma yimuphi uchwepheshe kulo mkhakha.
Enye inketho i-neuromarketing. I-neuroheadset ikuvumela ukuthi wenze ucwaningo lokumaketha ngoba libonisa ukusabela komuntu ngokomzwelo ekukhuthazeni okuthile kokumaketha. Lokhu kusebenza kahle kakhulu, ngoba ngesikhathi sohlolo nohlu lwemibuzo abantu abahlale bethembekile ezimpendulweni zabo. Futhi i-neurostudy izokusiza ukuthi ubone impendulo yangempela, ethembekile futhi engakhethi. Ngokuqoqa iqembu okugxilwe kulo futhi wenze ukuhlola usebenzisa i-neuroheadset, ungathola imiphumela eseduze neqiniso ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukusebenzisana namadivayisi angaphandle
Enye indawo ethokozisayo yokusebenza ngama-neuroheadset ukulawula okude kwamadivayisi angaphandle. Okudume kakhulu phakathi kwezingane, isibonelo, imidlalo yokugijima evumela ukuncintisana phakathi kwabahlanganyeli ababili, abathathu nabane. Nasi isibonelo esaziwayo semidlalo enjalo:
Ingabe ufuna ukudlala ngokunye? Ngiyacela, nazi ezinye intuthuko esezidumile.
Indiza engujekamanzi ye-Orbit Helicopter
Indiza enophephela emhlane yokudlala elawulwa amandla okucabanga. Inguqulo evamile ikuvumela ukuthi ulawule ukuphakama kwendiza enophephela emhlane, kodwa kunezengezo eziningi eziphendula leli thoyizi libe umshini onamandla wokuqina kobuchopho. Buyekeza .
Isibani seZen
Isibani sibonisa isimo sakho sengqondo-ngokomzwelo ngendlela yokukhanya kombala othile. Ilungele ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuzindla.
Phoqa Umqeqeshi II
Into encane ehlekisa kakhulu. Idala isithombe se-holographic sendawo yegeyimu nezinto ngaphakathi kwephiramidi ebonisa ngale. Futhi umdlali, esebenzisa imiyalo yobuchopho, ulawula lezi zinto.
Necomimi
Izindlebe zekati ezinhle sezithandwa emhlabeni wonke. Idivayisi izanele ngokwayo futhi ayidingi ukuxhunywa kukhompuyutha noma i-smartphone. Umsebenzisi ubeka izindlebe, azivule futhi athole ithuba lokubonisa isimo sakhe sengqondo (isimo sengqondo-ngokomzwelo) ngokuhambisa lezi zindlebe. Ngendlela, umkhiqizo ofanayo, , akazange athandeke ngisho nasezweni lakubo, eJapane. Lapho ihedisethi yafakwa khona kuleli cala, ungazitholela ngokwakho.
I-Neuro-headset - ukuzijabulisa noma ithuluzi eliwusizo?
Ngenkathi ufunda lesi sihloko, kungase kubonakale sengathi ukuxhumana kwe-neural namahedisethi kuhloswe kakhulu ukujabulisa umuntu noma ukuhlekisa ukucindezeleka kwakhe ngokomzwelo. Nokho, lokhu akulona neze iqiniso. I-neuroheadset, ehambisana nesofthiwe efanele, ingasiza ekuthuthukiseni isitho ngemva kokulimala kanzima futhi yehlise imiphumela emibi yokulimala kanzima. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi basebenzisa i-neurotechnology ngenkuthalo ukusiza abantu.
Isibonelo, ngo-2016, ososayensi baseMelika abavela e-Johns Hopkins University benza i-neural interface esiza ukulawula iminwe ngayinye ye-biomechanical prosthesis. Ngemva konyaka, ozakwabo base-Austria abavela eNyuvesi yaseGraz bakha uhlelo lokubhala umculo besebenzisa amandla okucabanga. Yakhelwe abantu abanesiphiwo somculo abakhubazekile.
Ochwepheshe abavela eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia abasebenzisa i-neural interface, i-neuromuscular stimulation kanye nokumiswa okhubazekile kusukela okhalweni kwehle. Futhi abacwaningi baseBrazil, kanye nozakwabo base-USA, Switzerland naseJalimane, bakwazile ngokwengxenye ezigulini ezisebenzisa i-neural interface, i-virtual reality kanye ne-exoskeleton. Intuthuko iyaqhubeka futhi yokuxhumana neziguli ezine-Locked-in Syndrome. Ubuchwepheshe buzosiza ukukhomba iziguli ezinjalo, ukuxhumana nazo, nokubuyisela ukulawula umzimba.
I-Facebook isiqalile ukusebenza ku-interface ye-neural engahlanyisi ezosiza abasebenzisi ukuthayipha ngaphandle kwekhibhodi. AbakwaNissan benze isixhumi esibonakalayo somshini wobuchopho ukufunda imicabango ngenkathi ushayela ukuze kuthuthukiswe izikhathi zokusabela. Futhi u-Elon Musk ufuna ngisho nokuxhuma ubuchopho nekhompyutha ukuze agweme ukuthatha umhlaba ngobuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Izinkampani zaseRussia azikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngezimpumelelo eziningi emkhakheni we-neurotechnologies. Kodwa-ke, i-Rostec isanda kwethula isampula yangaphambi kokukhiqizwa kwedivayisi ezosiza ukushintshanisa ulwazi phakathi kobuchopho nedivayisi yangaphandle. Isigqoko sokuzivikela sakhiwe yi-Institute of Electronic Control Machines (INEUM) eqanjwe ngalo. I. S. Brook. Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-interface ye-neural izokwenza kube nokwenzeka ukulawula amadivaysi kagesi kanye ne-electromechanical: i-prosthetics, izimoto.
Yini elindele imakethe ye-neural interface?
Ngokusho , imakethe ye-computer interface izofinyelela ku-$2022 billion ngo-1,72. Manje indawo eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwe-neural interfaces imithi, kodwa izindawo zokuzijabulisa, kanye nezindawo zamasosha nezimboni, zithuthuka ngenkuthalo. I-neuro-headset yokulawula irobhothi lokulwa ayiseyona nje iphupho elimnandi labantu abagqoke iyunifomu, kodwa inkinga exazululeka ngokuphelele.
Ngenxa yokuthi amahedisethi e-neural anikeza indawo evulekile engasetshenziswa ukwakha isofthiwe yakho, i-neuroprogramming yangasese nayo iyathuthuka. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye wabaholi bemakethe, i-NeuroSky, itholakala kubathuthukisi mahhala ngokuphelele. Futhi ngenxa yalokho, ziyanda izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivelayo ezisebenzisa amakhono ale nkundla.
Masiqaphele ukuthi isinyathelo sokwethulwa okusabalele kokuhlangana kwe-neural kanye nama-chips obuchopho abhekene nokusekela kuphela, kodwa nokugxekwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuxhumana kwe-neural kungathuthukisa ukwelashwa kokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu, ukukhubazeka, isithuthwane noma i-schizophrenia. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchwepheshe obunjalo bungabhebhethekisa ukungalingani kwezenhlalo.
Kukhona ukukhathazeka ukuthi okwamanje asikho isisekelo esingokomthetho noma sokuziphatha sokwethula ama-electrode kumuntu onempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-neural interface ingenza ubuchopho bomuntu bube yinto ohulumeni, abakhangisi, abaduni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo kanye nabanye abantu abazofuna ukungena kuyo, okuyinto umuntu ovamile angeke ajabule ngayo. Futhi ngokuvamile, isikhombimsebenzisi se-neural namahedisethi kungashintsha izici zomuntu, kuthinte ingqondo yakhe kanye nomsebenzi wakhe njengomuntu ngamunye, futhi kuhlanekezele ukuqonda kwabantu njengezidalwa ze-physiological.
Ngokuvamile, kusobala ukuthi i-neurotechnologies izoqhubeka nokuthuthuka. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi zizofinyeleleka nini ngempela futhi ziphumelele nakakhulu.
Yini enye ethokozisayo kubhulogi?
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Source: www.habr.com