Ukuzalwa kwenganekwane
Ngokomlando, umndeni wakwa-Microsoft Windows usuphenduke uhlelo olusebenzayo emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuphakama kwesistimu ethile yokusebenza nakho kwanqunywa kusengaphambili ngokomlando. Ukube iSoviet Union ayizange idilike ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-90s ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, uhlelo lokusebenza oluhluke ngokuphelele lwaluzosetshenziswa ku-1/6 womhlaba kanye nezinye izindawo eziningi. Ungakwazi ukwenza ihlaya nge-Cheburnet isikhathi eside, kodwa kunoma yimuphi amandla amakhulu isofthiwe yayo iyisidingo esiyisisekelo sokuphepha kwezwe. Kodwa lokho akukho mayelana nalokho manje.
Iqiniso liwukuthi omunye wabasunguli beMicrosoft, uBill Gates, wazithola esesicongweni se "Big Bang" ngomkhiqizo wakhe wesoftware. Izimo ezinenhlanhla, ithalente kanye nekhono lokuqhuba ibhizinisi kulo lonke uhla oluphelele lwamathuba (futhi akekho othi bonke babeziphethe kahle ngokombono womuntu ojwayelekile) kwamenza waba ngomunye wabantu abacebe kakhulu emhlabeni. Nomphakathi, okungabalulekile kangako. Kodwa bambalwa abantu abathanda abacebile nomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isistimu yokusebenza ye-Windows, njengomkhiqizo omkhulu, oyinkimbinkimbi futhi othuthukayo onamandla, ilethe futhi iyaqhubeka nokuletha izimanga eziningi ezingajabulisi kubasebenzisi.
Kodwa lesi futhi akusona isihloko sengxoxo yanamuhla. Okufanele sikukhumbule namuhla ukuthi uGates waceba ngenani labantu bomhlaba. Ngena ephaketheni lawo wonke umuntu! Futhi lokhu akunakwenzeka ukuthi kube ihaba elinamandla. Ngisho noma uvala amehlo akho ekutheni iWindows ngokwayo ayikaze ibe mahhala, kusukela entwasahlobo ka-2011, iMicrosoft yaqala ukuqoqa izimali zamalayisense, ikakhulukazi, kubakhiqizi bama-smartphones namaphilisi asebenzisa i-Android. Isibonelo, ngo-2014 kuphela, i-Microsoft izuze u-$3,4 wezigidigidi wamalungelo obunikazi e-Android.Okungukuthi, inani labantu ngokungaqondile, kodwa ngokuvamile lalinikela ngesamba esikhulu semali ngokuhlangene ku-Microsoft naku-Gates.
Yiqiniso, ngo-2018 inkampani yenza amalungelo obunikazi ku-Android futhi cishe bayeka ukuthola ama-royalties ukuze bayisebenzise. Kodwa lokhu futhi kuyinkomba esabekayo - kwakungonyaka ka-2018 lapho iMicrosoft yangena khona ngokusobala nangokucacile "kumthombo ovulekile": yathenga i-GitHub, yajoyina inhlangano ukuvikela ngokumelene nama-patent troll, njalonjalo. Inkampani yacabanga ngokunengqondo ukuthi amaphrojekthi omthombo ovulekile azogcina efinyelele abantu abaningi nakakhulu. Ingabe lena akuyona indlela eya ekubuseni umhlaba? Uyaqaphela ukuthi konke kuhlangana kanjani?
Izehlakalo ezinkulu zenzekile muva nje. Maphakathi noMashi walo nyaka, ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa uMongameli uTrump ememezele isimo esiphuthumayo sikazwelonke e-United States ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-coronavirus, uGates kungazelelwe umemezele ukwesula kwakhe ebhodini labaqondisi beMicrosoft. Konke lokhu kwaqondana, iminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi wokusiza abampofu kugcizelelwa ukulwa nezifo eziwumshayabhuqe, kanye nendawo yomholi edume kabi “lebhiliyoni legolide” idlale ihlaya elingemnandi ngombono wobuntu bukaBill Gates. Izakhamizi eziningi zaqala ukumphatha, ububele bakhe, ukuthandwa kwakhe okuvamile, isimo sakhe sengqondo mayelana nekhompiyutha egcwele yonke indawo, njll, njll., njll. ngezinsolo ezikhulayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uGates waze wasolwa ngokuqala ubhubhane lwe-coronavirus, ngezinhlelo ze-chipization kanye nokucekelwa phansi kweningi labantu.
Eqinisweni, baqala ukusola uBill Gates ngezinhlelo ezikhohlisayo kudala, futhi hhayi okwamanje, njengesibonelo, endabeni yenkulumo evusa amadlingozi kaNikita Mikhalkov. Konke lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uGates, ngemali yakhe kanye nokuxhumana, uye wahileleka ngokujulile esihlokweni semithi futhi, ikakhulukazi, esihlokweni sokugoma. Futhi lokhu kufanelana ngokuphelele nokusebenza kwakhe kwebhizinisi - ukufinyelela wonke umuntu. Ingabe weqa indlela yothile? Yebo, ngiqhubekele phambili. Ingabe lokhu kuyabazuzisa abantu abavamile? Yebo, nginayo. Ngokokunye ukulinganisa, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-1,5, ikakhulukazi izingane, bayafa minyaka yonke ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemigomo. Lokhu kunikezwa futhi kuyinhlekelele, kodwa kungenzeka futhi kuyadingeka ukuyithonya.
Akufanele ube nemibono yokuthi lokhu kwenzeka endaweni ethile ekujuleni kwe-Afrika. Isibonelo sokusabalala kwesimungumungwane e-Europe ngonyaka odlule siyazikhulumela, kanti ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kukhomba ukuthi uma ingekho imigomo noma umgomo, ubhubhane luyindaba yesikhathi kuphela. Kuyamangaza-ke ukuthi uGates uzwakalise esidlangalaleni ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ubhubhane oluyingozi ekusindeni kwabantu luzoba yisimo esingaba khona kunempi yenuzi? Mhlawumbe ubesazi kakhulu isimo kwezokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwaseMelika futhi wayefuna ukukhuluma ngaso ngaphambi kokuba isimo sangempela sivezwe wubhubhane lwe-coronavirus. Nokho, kwamanye amazwe, ngaphandle kwezimbalwa ezimbalwa, izinto azibanga ngcono kakhulu, futhi inkinga ngokusobala isekude ukuba ixazululwe.
Ngakho-ke, imisebenzi kaBill Gates ngaphandle kwezindonga zeMicrosoft cishe isekelwe ezintweni ezimbili ezithakazelisa ngesikhathi esisodwa: ukusinda komuntu njengezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemali (ngobubanzi, izinsiza zokuphila nomsebenzi). Enye ixhunywe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nenye. UBill Gates angase abe qotho esifisweni sakhe sokusindisa izimpilo (kungani kungenjalo?), kodwa lokhu akumvimbi ekubeni usomabhizinisi nokwenza izinhlelo zokwandisa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumuntu othanda izwe noma i-globalist. Okungavamile kobuntu bukaGates ukuthi waba isibalo esilinganisweni seplanethi, okwamenza waba ithagethi elilula lemibono yokuqamba uzungu futhi okusiholela kahle emcabangweni walesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, enye yezinguquko zamanje zethiyori yozungu oluhilela uBill Gates, okwathi ekupheleni kuka-April. I-"Channel One" isola uGates ngokubamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo ozunguni lomhlaba wonke ngemuva kwezigcawu ngenhloso yokucekela phansi cishe sonke isintu ngaphandle “kwezigidigidi zegolide”, noma ukwenza izakhamuzi ezincane zilawule uhulumeni “womhlaba”. Ngokwalokhu kubuka, ubhubhane luyisizathu noma izaba nje, noma into edalwe ngokwenziwa, ukuze kuqaliswe izinhlelo zomshoshaphansi ezifinyelela kude.
U-Nikita Sergeevich Mikhalkov wanezela umlilo kuyo yonke le ndaba. Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ekusakazeni kwakhe okujwayelekile, wasola uGates ngokusobala ukuthi uhlose ukucwilisa izakhamizi esebenzisa noma ngaphansi kokugoma. Ngeke sahlulele impumelelo noma ukwehluleka kwezinhlaka zikaBill Gates emkhakheni wokugoma, kodwa njengensiza ye-IT sazi okuthile mayelana “nokuchipha”, okungukuthi, yiziphi ubuchwepheshe “inhlakanipho embi” uBill Gates angase abe nayo nokuthi ubuchwepheshe bukhona nhlobo.
Ukuzilolonga kwe-Chipping namuhla
Kuyafaneleka ukuqala ngeqiniso lokuthi empeleni umkhuba we-microchipping eziphilayo cishe uneminyaka engamashumi amane ubudala. Futhi umqondo ngokwawo awuyona iminyaka eyikhulu yokuqala noma eyinkulungwane ubudala. Ukuze kutholakale impahla, izigqila nemfuyo zazifakwa uphawu. Ngisho negama elithi uphawu ngesiRashiya linencazelo engeyinhle, ingasaphathwa eyokuhletshwa. Kodwa lokhu kuyasebenza kubantu. Akekho obuza izilwane - i-microchipping sekuyisikhathi eside ikwenza ukwazi ukugcina imininingwane ngenombolo nesimo sempilo yemfuyo kanye nokukhomba ngokuthembekile izilwane ezifuywayo. Isibonelo, qapha isikhathi sokugoma futhi ukwenze ngokuzenzakalelayo noma kancane ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kulula, kuthembekile futhi kushibhile.
Ngenxa yalokho, izindleko zokugcina imfuyo ziyancipha, okuvumela abanikazi bayo ukuba bathole imali eyengeziwe, futhi imakethe yezinsizakalo ze-microchipping kanye nokulandelela ikhula, enikeza ithuba lokuthola imali, kodwa kwabanye abantu. Namuhla, imakethe ye-microchiping yezilwane ifinyelela ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane zamaRandi ngonyaka.
Kungenzeka yini uku-microchip abantu abanamathegi ezilwane? Kungenzeka, kodwa emhlabeni ngemuva kwezigcawu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wonke umuntu ucabangani ngakho, akukho mqondo osebenzayo kulokhu, futhi yingakho. Uhlobo olujwayelekile lwamathegi efrikhwensi yomsakazo (RFID) asetshenziselwa izilwane ze-microchip idizayini elula ehlanganisa i-transceiver enothi kanye ne-memory chip yamashumi, kancane kancane amabhithi ayikhulu noma ngaphezulu. Ithegi ayinawo owayo umthombo wamandla futhi iwathola ngeshaneli yomsakazo evela kusikena se-RFID - okwamanje okufakwe ku-antenna yethegi yinkambu kazibuthe kagesi yesikena ishaja i-capacitor. Eyakamuva idlala indima yebhethri elincane kuthegi (inqubo ngokwayo ifana nokushajwa okungenantambo kwe-smartphone). Empeleni, konke lokhu kusebenza ngokwezimiso ezifanayo lapho amathegi asetshenziselwa ukuvikela ekwebiweni kwempahla emashalofini esitolo, amaphasi kazibuthe wama-turnstiles, kanye nomsebenzi ofana nawo: abukho ubuchwepheshe bezinga lesikhala lapha.
Irediyasi yokufunda yethegi enjalo isuka kumasentimitha ambalwa ukuya kumadesimitha amaningana futhi incike kusayizi wethegi kanye nothi lwayo. Ngokuphambene nokukhangisa kwemitholampilo yezilwane ukuthi izilwane ze-chip, akunakwenzeka ukufunda idatha kusuka kumaki anjalo ukude ngokuphelele, njengoba nje kungenakwenzeka ukulandelela nokuthola isilwane esilahlekile ngosizo lwaso. Isilwane singakhonjwa ngokukhethekile kuphela uma izimo ezintathu kuhlangatshezwana nazo ngesikhathi esisodwa: uma sibanjwa, iqembu elitholayo lineskena se-RFID futhi idatha emayelana nesilwane (ithegi) ifakwa kwenye yolwazi oludumile lwetimu.
Izindleko zethegi eyodwa yefrikhwensi yomsakazo enanini elikhulu zisukela kumasenti ayi-10 kuye kwangama-90, futhi inqubo yokwethula ithegi enjalo esicutshini esiphilayo sesilwane esifuywayo ingabiza cishe ama-ruble ayi-2. Umkhuba wokwenza i-chipization enamathegi e-RFID ngempela ungenziwa into enkulu ngenani elithengekayo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona i-nuance: inqubo yenziwa kusetshenziswa into efana nesirinji enenaliti enkulu kakhulu, lapho i-chip ifakwa khona esicutshini. Ngeke ukwazi ukukhuluma nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesingeniso esihlakaniphile sophawu - uma usondela kumuntu "nesirinji" enjalo, kuhle uma isiguli sehla ngokwesaba okulula futhi singanikezeli ukumelana okusebenzayo.
Kodwa ake sithi kwenzeka into embi kakhulu - isakhamuzi nokho sasifakwe imaki ye-RFID. Ubukhulu "okungathungelwa" kuyo inombolo ethile (imvamisa kufika ezinhlamvu ezingu-8 ubude), ikhodi yezwe kanye nekhodi yomkhiqizi womaka. Nokho, ngeke kwenzeke ukufunda ulwazi ukude. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka nakakhulu ukuthola isakhamuzi esinjalo ku-satellite. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ngisho nokugcina inqubo yokufunda idatha iyimfihlo. Konke kuzodalulwa ngokushesha lapho abantu abanezikena ze-RFID beqala ukukunaka njalo.
Ngamanye amazwi, ukuchopha, okusabalele namuhla, kusho ubuncane bolwazi (inkomba kusizindalwazi) kanye nobukhulu bokuphazamiseka lapho uluqoqa. Lokhu kuqaliswa ngokusobala akuwufanele umbono wozungu. Izinzuzo zamathegi e-RFID athungelwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba zingase zehluke. Abanye abantu bakuthola kuyindlela elula yokuvula izingidi zikagesi, okwenza okhiye abavamile bangadingeki. Noma, isibonelo, zingasetshenziselwa izinkokhelo esitolo ngaphandle kwekhadi. Kodwa kulokhu, umsebenzisi uyavuma ukuqopha ngokuzithandela futhi, yiqiniso, akukho ukukhuluma nganoma yikuphi ukulawula phezu kwakhe.
I-Microsoft "Apocalyptic" Patent
Enye yezimpikiswano zikaMikhalkov nezikhulumi zangaphambili ezivuna izinhlelo ezimbi zeMicrosoft kanye noBill Gates mathupha kwakuyinombolo yelungelo lobunikazi WO/2020/060606. Ngokunembayo, lolu isicelo selungelo lobunikazi samazwe ngamazwe esibhaliswe kuwebhusayithi ye-WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization). Uma ubheka izinombolo zohlelo lokusebenza emuva naphambili, ungathola ukuthi inombolo yesicelo WO/2020/060605 nayo ingeye-Microsoft, futhi isicelo WO/2020/060607 safakwa yi-Western Digital. Ngakho-ke, ngenombolo WO/2020/060606, izinketho ezimbili zingenzeka: noma ama-Freemasons aseYurophu enze iphutha, noma lokhu kuwukuqondana okukude kwenombolo yesicelo selungelo lobunikazi elithile “nenombolo kadeveli” 666. Kubonakala sengathi kithina ukuthi okwesibili kusondele ngokusobala eqinisweni, ikakhulukazi njengoba “ilungelo lobunikazi le-apocalyptic” leMicrosoft labhaliswa e-USA ngonyaka owedlule kunaseGeneva, futhi linenombolo engathathi hlangothi nengenangqondo 16/138518. Isimo selungelo lobunikazi kanye nenombolo entsha , Lo mbhalo wamukelwe ngoMashi 26, 2020. Asiqondi ukuthi ikuphi "inombolo kadeveli". Abekho abayisithupha ababulalayo enanini elidingekayo lapha noma laphaya.
Sizihlele izinombolo, manje mayelana ne-patent ngokwayo. Sikhulume ngakho kabanzi ezindabeni ze . Ekulandiseni kabusha kwamahhala kukaMikhalkov, ilungelo lobunikazi le-Microsoft elithi "CRYPTOCURRENCY SYSTEM USING BODY ACTIVITY DATA" ihlanganisa ukuchoboza izakhamuzi nokuzikhuthaza ukuthi zenze izenzo ezithile ngokukhipha imivuzo nge-cryptocurrency. Nokho, empeleni akukho nokukodwa okushiwo ngokuqoshwa kwelungelo lobunikazi. Onjiniyela beMicrosoft bahlongoza ukuthwebula idatha ngomsebenzi womzimba womuntu kusetshenziswa izinzwa zangaphandle nezikena. Lezi kungaba izinzwa ezishisayo (ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba), izinzwa zokurekhoda i-ECG noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo nje (ukushaya kwenhliziyo), kungase kube nezikena eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-MRI zokulandelela ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni noma izinzwa zokufunda umsebenzi we-electrochemical wobuchopho. Kodwa konke lokhu ngaphandle kokwethula izinhlelo zokulinganisa emzimbeni womuntu, nakuba amagama athi "kanye nezinye izindlela" angafihla noma yini. Okubalulekile ukuthi kungani kwahlongozwa.
Umqondo we-Microsoft wokulandelela umsebenzi wezimpawu ezibalulekile zomsebenzisi lapho enza izenzo ezithile phambi kwekhompyutha uwukuqeda izibalo zokusebenza kwe-hash kubuchwepheshe be-cryptocurrency yezimayini noma ukwenza imisebenzi ye-blockchain. Esikhundleni sezibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi, isistimu izothatha idatha kusuka kuzikena mayelana nezimpawu ezibalulekile zamanje zomsebenzisi futhi, ngokusekelwe kuzo, idale ikhodi eyingqayizivele nengenakwephulwa. Lolu uhlobo lwesiginesha yomsebenzisi ehlukile. Isibonelo, ehlezi phambi kwekhompiyutha, wabukela isikhangiso, futhi izinkomba zakhe zarekhodwa futhi zithungelwa ochungechungeni lwemisebenzi ye-blockchain, noma kwakhiwe ibhulokhi entsha ye-cryptocurrency ngesisekelo sazo. Umbono weMicrosoft (futhi kuwumbono nje, asikhulumi ngokusetshenziswa lapha) owonga isikhathi sekhompiyutha nezinsiza ezisetshenziselwa lokhu, njengogesi. Konke okunye kuwukuqagela okuyize.
Abafokazi bakhetha ama-anal probe, kanti abantu basemhlabeni bakhetha i-nanotechnology
Uchungechunge lwe-animated satirical South Park lwaqala ngo-Agasti 13, 1997, ngesiqephu somshayeli "Cartman and the Anal Probe." Wonke umuntu waseMelika uyazi ukuthi abafokazi bafaka ama-anal probe kubantu abathunjiwe base bebabeka ezifisweni zabo. Itimu ekhethiwe yomshayeli, kodwa ama-aliens asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obubuyela emuva ngokusobala. I-Chipping idinga indlela ecophelela kakhulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, yonke into kufanele ingabonakali: yenziwa ngaphansi komjovo ojwayelekile noma kusetshenziswa isiqephu sokugoma. Ngakho-ke, uBill Gates, uma ehlela into enjengale, kufanele ngabe utshale imali ku-miniaturization. Khumbula igama elithi "Wintel"? Nakhu!
I-Intel neMicrosoft basebenze ndawonye ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isibonelo, iMicrosoft isixhase kaningi izinkomfa ze-Intel, okuhlanganisa nemicimbi emikhulu efana ne-Intel Developer Forum. Ngakho-ke, ezindabeni ze-miniaturization, iMicrosoft ngokuqinisekile ingathembela osizweni lwe-Intel, osekuyisikhathi eside ingaphambi kwayo yonke imboni. Kepha kubuchwepheshe benqubo ye-10nm noma kwenye indawo ngaphambili, bumile. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nobuchwepheshe be-Intel's 10nm process technology, obungathuthuki kakhulu ngamazinga emboni, kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuzuza ukuminyana kwe-transistor okungakaze kubonwe - ama-transistors ayizigidi eziyi-100,8 nge-1 mm2 ngayinye. Lokhu cishe inani elifanayo lama-transistors njenge-chip ye-Intel Pentium 4 Prescott processor, eyavela ngo-2004. Kuningi ongakwenza ngalolu hlobo lwehadiwe. Yiqiniso, uma sikhuluma ngama-chips afakwa emzimbeni womuntu, kusadingeka ukuxazulula ngandlela-thile indaba ye-RAM, amandla esistimu, ukuxhumana "nenkosi" kanye nezindlela zokulawula izenzo zayo.
Ngokusobala, inkumbulo ye-chip eyakhelwe kumuntu kufanele ibe engaguquki. Namuhla, inkumbulo eminyene kakhulu yi-3D NAND. Ngeshwa, kusukela endaweni ethile, abakhiqizi be-3D NAND bayeke ukushicilela idatha mayelana nokuminyana kwamaseli endaweni ngayinye ye-chip. Kodwa kwanele ngathi ukuba nombono olinganiselwe wokuthi yimaphi amanani esikhuluma ngawo.
Kwenye yezingqungquthela ze-IEEE ngo-2016, uMcron wembula ukuthi ezimeni zaselabhorethri ikwazile ukunqoba ingqopha-mlando ebalulekile: ukuzuza ukuminyana kwerekhodi ngaleso sikhathi ku-3D NAND kanye nokudlula ukuminyana okuqoshwayo kwamapuleti kazibuthe wamadrayivu aqinile. Ngokuqondile, kuyintshi yesikwele eyodwa ye-Micron iyafa amaseli enkumbulo anenani eliphelele le-2,77 Tbit. Ngokuya ngo-1 mm2, lokhu kufinyelela ku-4,29 Gbit noma 536 MB. Kuphrosesa yezinga le-Intel Pentium 4, leli akulona iphupho lokugcina, kodwa liyivolumu eyanele yokukhipha imiyalo nokugcina idatha.
Ngakho-ke, kuze kube manje yonke into iphakamisa ukuthi uhlelo lwekhompyutha olukhiqizayo lungakhiwa kumuntu. Kunezinsiza eziningi zamasistimu okusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela.
Odla kahle usebenza kahle
Ake sizame ukuthola umsoco. Ku-chip encane engafakwa ingabonakali ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma izicubu zomzimba zomuntu, cishe asikho isikhala sebhethri. Amandla kagesi kuzodingeka athathwe endaweni ethile ngaphandle. Sizokhuluma ngemithombo engenzeka yokuthola amandla ngezansi, kodwa okwamanje sizonikela isikhathi esincane ekusetshenzisweni kweprosesa ecatshangelwayo eyakhelwe kumuntu.
I-Intel nabangane bayo sebehambe ibanga elide ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwe-chip. Esikhathini esingaphezudlwana kweshumi leminyaka edlule, i-Intel yaqala ukuthuthukisa izinqubo nemiklamo yesekethe eyayizovumela ama-transistors ukuthi asebenze ngama-voltage eduze nenani lomkhawulo. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, i-logic yathuthukiswa ngokucabangela ama-voltages okushintsha i-transistor ngaphezu kwe-1 V. Kodwa ngezinqubo ze-CMOS ezitholakala yonke indawo kanye nezinqubo ezivamile ze-silicon, umkhawulo wethiyori we-threshold voltage uphansi kakhulu, u-36 mV. Njengomphumela wemizamo eqhubekayo yokuletha umkhuba emfundisweni, iqiniso liwukuthi namuhla abakhiqizi be-chip bangakhiqiza i-logic nge-transistor switching voltages ukusuka ku-300 kuya ku-500 mV.
Yebo, i-voltage yokusebenza ye-logic ingancishiswa ngokunye ukuhleleka kobukhulu. Kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukwehla kwamandla kagesi we-transistors kuzoholela ekwandeni kokuhluleka okunengqondo ngenxa yokuhluka kwemingcele yama-transistors ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kanye nezinguquko ezicini zabo ngaphansi kwethonya lokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Kalula nje, ukwehlisa i-voltage yokuhlinzeka (kanye nokusetshenziswa), lapho yonke into isebenza kancane futhi ihamba kancane. Kulandela futhi kulokhu ukuthi ngenxa yokwethembeka, kuzodingeka unikele ngezinga elithile ukuminyana kwama-transistors.
Ngakho-ke hlobo luni lwamanani okusetshenziswa esingakhuluma ngalo? Ake sibheke ukuboniswa kwe-Intel kuseshini yokuwa ye-IDF 2011. Bese kuba iphrosesa engu-32-nm Claremont (kwisakhiwo esifana ne-Intel P54C) enama-transistors ayizigidi ezingu-6 ku-chip enendawo engaba ngu-2 mm2. Umqondo wale processor waqala ukusebenza ku-voltage engu-380 mV ngemvamisa ye-10 MHz ngokusetshenziswa okungaba ngu-1,5 mW. Kumodi yokungenzi lutho, iphrosesa ibhekane nemisebenzi elula yangemuva ezingeni lokusebenzisa lika-10 mW. Yini i-10 mW? Ukuze uqhathanise: inkomba evamile ye-LED kushaja ye-smartphone idla kufika ku-60 mW, kodwa inhloso yayo kuphela ukuyenza ibukeke inhle. Iphrosesa ye-Intel yokuhlola ebiza kancane i-Claremont idinga umthombo wamandla onamandla aphindwe kasithupha ukuze uqalise.
Ngokucabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo, izinqubo zobuchwepheshe kanye nobuchwepheshe, kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi namuhla kungenzeka ukudala i-Intel Pentium-level processor ngokusetshenziswa cishe kwe-1 mW noma ngisho nangaphansi. Kodwa emzimbeni womuntu singathola kuphi ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile ngamandla we-1 mW (futhi eqinisweni nangaphezulu, njengoba sidinga futhi ukunika amandla inkumbulo, isidluliseli somsakazo kanye nolunye uhlobo lwezinhlelo zokulawula abantu)? Kunezimpendulo eziningana kulo mbuzo, kodwa zonke azinakwenzeka zibe yisixazululo esifanele ngempela.
Iseli elincane lelanga - usayizi wesitembu esikhulu sokuposa - linganikeza amandla afinyelela ku-10 mW, i-Intel nayo eyawabonisa (bona isithombe ngenhla). Kodwa le nketho ngokuqinisekile ayiyona eyama-chips afakwe emzimbeni. Kunoma yikuphi, uhlelo olunjalo lokunikezwa kwamandla alukwazi ukwenziwa ngasese, nakuba akunzima ukulusebenzisa ngokukhululekile. Kungaba usizo ukunika amandla izimila zobuchopho ezivela kumaphaneli elanga abekwe ekhanda. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sokuphonseka okucatshangelwayo okufihlwe njengokugoma, le nketho ayifanele neze.
Amandla angabuye atholakale ekudlidlizeni nasekudlidlizeni. Amawashi asephaketheni ane-othomathikhi yokujika kwentwasahlobo asungulwa cishe eminyakeni engamakhulu amathathu edlule. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje be-microelectromechanical matrix (MEMS) buvula indlela yamandla amancane akhiqiza amandla amanje ngokudlidliza. NgoFebhuwari walo nyaka, enye yezinto zakamuva ezithembisayo ngalesi sihloko kwaba Isikhungo saseFrance CEA-Leti.
Ama-French enze ama-chips akhiqiza amandla kagesi kusuka ekudlidlizeni anekhono lokukhiqiza ukusuka ku-100 µW ukuya ku-1 mW. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungase kube ngokwanele ukunika amandla i-chip ethungelwa emzimbeni. Kodwa ubukhulu buyancipha. Uma sibheka umfanekiso ohambisana naso (bona ngenhla) - futhi ayikho idatha enembile ngosayizi wejeneretha okwamanje - i-microcircuit generator inkulu impela. Uma ingafakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma kwezinye izicubu eziphilayo, ingenziwa kuphela ngokuhlinzwa. Lokhu futhi akuyona inketho yokugoma okuyimfihlo kwe-mass chipization. Kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukuphulukisa nokuluma - uzoqaphela nakanjani.
Ungacubungula inketho yokukhipha ugesi ezindaweni zikagesi - kokubili kusuka kuzintambo zikagesi nakuzo zonke izinhlobo zomsindo wefrikhwensi yomsakazo (iziteshi zamaselula, ezokuxhumana ngomsakazo, i-Wi-Fi, njll.). Kodwa kukhona inkinga eyodwa enkulu ngakho konke lokhu - udinga ikhoyili ye-antenna enkulu. Umaki we-RFID omncane kuleli cala awunakubhekwa njengesixazululo esifanelekile. Isithwebuli se-RFID siyakwazi ukujabulisa inkambu ye-electromagnetic kukhoyili ye-transponder, eyanele ukukhiqiza amandla afinyelela ku-10 mW. Lapha kuphela isithwebuli kufanele sibe kude ngamasentimitha ambalwa ukusuka kowamukelayo, futhi umamukeli kufanele abe nekhoyili eyamukelayo enkulu ngokwesilinganiso samasentimitha ambalwa.
Omaki befrikhwensi yomsakazo abancane bokuqopha izilwane, esixoxe ngabo ngenhla, basebenza ngamandla aphansi kakhulu. Kunoma yikuphi, ukuze kudluliselwe amandla anele ku-chip efakwe emzimbeni ukuze isebenze i-logic eyinkimbinkimbi - i-1 mW yethu evamile - isithwebuli noma umthombo wemisebe ye-electromagnetic enamandla kufanele ibekwe eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ku-chip eyimfihlo. Okungukuthi, isidingo sokuthintana eduze kanye nobukhulu obukhulu bekhoyili eyamukelayo kunciphisa yonke imfihlo ibe yiqanda.
Mhlawumbe impendulo ekunikezeni amandla ku-electronics emzimbeni ilele ekuphenduleni okuhle kwe-electrochemical yakudala? Umzimba womuntu ngokwesilinganiso unamanzi angama-60%. Ngokunembayo, kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zama-electrolyte. Ibhethri empeleni. Isibonelo, intuthuko yakamuva yabacwaningi abavela e-California Institute of Technology isebenzisa izithukuthuku zomuntu njenge-electrolyte. I-patch, ngesikhathi sokubola kwe-lactic acid nge-enzyme phambi kwe-catalyst, ivumela umuntu ukuthi akhiqize amandla afinyelela ku-35 mW kusuka kusentimitha yesikwele esisodwa. Kodwa inkolelo-mbono yozungu iphinde ibukelwe phansi ubukhulu besixazululo. Lokhu ngokusobala akukhona ukuthwala okufihliwe, futhi uma i-generator enjalo yenziwa nge-intramuscular, khona-ke inkinga yokukhipha imikhiqizo yokubola izovela. Eminyakeni 20-30, mhlawumbe okuthile kuyofika, kodwa namuhla nakanjani ngeke.
Lokhu okungenhla kusebenza ngokulinganayo ekutholeni amandla kumacarbohydrate, ikakhulukazi kuglucose (ushukela). Lapho kukhona ama-enzyme nama-catalysts, i-glucose empeleni iyaphuka futhi isebenze njengomthombo wamandla. Ukuhlola ngale ndlela futhi zisaqhubeka. Amabhethri amaningi e-prototype anikezwa amandla yizixazululo ze-glucose adalwe ezindaweni zokucwaninga, kodwa ukuhlanganisa umthombo wamandla onjalo emzimbeni womuntu kuyinselelo ye-oda elihluke ngokuphelele. Hlobo luni lwebhethri le-glucose esingakhuluma ngalo uma inkinga yesifo sikashukela ingakaxazululwa?
Ungakhumbula ngomunye umthombo wamandla - ukushisa okukhiqizwa ngumuntu. Iziguquli ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokushisa zibe ugesi ziyizici ze-thermoelectric ezisekelwe . Izingxenye ze-Peltier zendawo encane zinganikeza kalula amandla angu-10, 20 mW, noma ngaphezulu. Ziningi intuthuko enjalo, futhi intshisekelo kuzo ayinciphi (bheka, isibonelo, nesithombe esingenhla). Enye into ukuthi ukuze i-thermoelement isebenze, kufanele kube nomehluko ophawulekayo wokushisa ezinhlangothini zayo ezipholile. Ukwenza lokhu, enye yezinhlangothi zesici kufanele ikhishwe ukuze kukhishwe ukushisa endaweni ezungezile. Futhi ngeke kwenziwe futhi ngaphandle kokuqashelwa.
Ukufingqa uhambo olufushane ekunikezeni amandla kagesi okugqokekayo/okufakelwayo, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi namuhla isayensi nobuchwepheshe akukwazi ukunikeza ibhethri elincane ngisho ne-serial wearable electronics, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu ngokufihla (okuyimfihlo) chipization. I-Microelectronics kule ndawo sekuyisikhathi eside ilungele ukunikeza okuthile okuthakazelisayo, kodwa okwamanje kufana nokuthi unikezwa ukwakha ikhompuyutha ngaphandle kokunikezwa kwamandla.
Kakade lapha singaqedela inothi mayelana nenganekwane yokugoma-chipization, kodwa sizoqhubeka. Ake sithinte izindaba zokuxhumana.
Ukuqondisa okungezona ezemidlalo (umsakazo).
Uma ungelona ihhashi, elingashayelwa kalula emisipheni noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba umaka wefrikhwensi yomsakazo engamasentimitha ambalwa ngosayizi, uzokwazi kuphela ukubona umzimba okhishwe omaka be-RFID ngokungqubuzana nawo ekhaleni ukuya emakhaleni. . Usayizi omkhulu wamachips omjovo ezinkomeni ungamboza amadlelo noma amadlelo amancane, kodwa noma kunjalo irediyasi ayikho ngaphezu kwamashumi amabili kuya kwamathathu amamitha. Omaka be-RFID noma okunye ukubonakaliswa kwe-RFID akukwazi ukugadwa emhlabeni jikelele. Uxhumano olufaneleka kakhulu lwalolu daba lungaba amaselula kuphela, futhi neziteshi eziyisisekelo eziseduze ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye.
Abaqambi bozungu bahlanganisa ababili nababili futhi bathola... imibhoshongo yokuxhumana emihlanu - 5G yaqala ukuvutha cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Bhekani endaweni engafanele, abashisi bezakhamuzi! Ama-opharetha kade aqala ukuvala izimpondo zamaselula. Namuhla, intuthuko yasemadolobheni maningi amathuba okuthi ibone isici esisha sokuhlobisa sivela kunombhoshongo ocasulayo owawuyiwo eminyakeni engu-20 noma eyi-10 edlule. Lokhu kungaba ipayipi lepulasitiki elime mpo elibonisa ngale enezimpondo ezifihliwe ngaphakathi, noma into eqondile yokukhangisa kwangaphandle. Isithombe esingenhla, isibonelo, sibonisa ukuthi e-USA izimpondo zifihlwa kanjani kumodeli ye-cactus enosayizi wempilo. Lo mkhuba usuyinsakavukela, futhi ukushintshela ku-5G kuzokwenza izimpondo nemibhoshongo ingabonakali kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ngisho nasezindaweni zasemakhaya. Abantu abaxakeke ngozungu lwembulunga yonke ngeke bakwazi ukubabona, noma, ngaphansi kwesithunzi sokulwa nemibhoshongo, bazoqala ukucekela phansi konke abangakuthandi.
Ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana be-5G bethulwa ngokuyinhloko ukuze kuncishiswe ukubambezeleka ekudlulisweni kwedatha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imibhoshongo idinga ukufakwa kaningi. Kodwa akuwona lo mbhoshongo esiwujwayele. Iyunithi yesiteshi se-5G, kanye nesiphakeli esincane esakhelwe ngaphakathi, sincane futhi siqhathaniswa nobukhulu bekhompuyutha ephathekayo (isithombe esingenhla siyisibonelo senye yezinketho zesiteshi se-Huawei se-5G). Ukuhlinzeka ngobuningi, iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G zingamane zifakwe ezindongeni zezakhiwo futhi zingafihlwa kalula ngezinto zokuhlobisa. Amabhlogo anjalo ngeke abangele ukusola noma ukucasuka phakathi kwezakhamuzi. Kukhona nomkhuba wokubeka izisekelo ezihlotshiswe ngopulasitiki ezigxotsheni zokukhanyisa emgwaqweni. Ubani obanakayo? Ukubekwa njalo kweziteshi eziyisisekelo, ngendlela, futhi kuyithuba lokunciphisa amandla esignali kokubili izinhlangothi zokudlulisa nokwamukela. Kodwa ingabe lokhu kungasiza ngandlela-thile ukulawula abantu abahlutshiwe?
Nakancane. Izicubu zomuntu kanye namanzi ezithishuni kuyisivikelo esihle sokukhishwa komsakazo wemvamisa ephezulu ebangeni lapho ukuxhumana kwe-5G kusebenza khona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-antenna ye-5G ye-transceiver ayikwazi ukuhlehliswa ngokujulile emzimbeni womuntu. Kumele kube eduze nobuso besikhumba ngangokunokwenzeka, ngaphandle kwalokho amandla amakhulu kakhulu azodingeka ukusungula ukuxhumana. Futhi, i-antenna yokuxhumana kwe-5G iyunithi eyinkimbinkimbi, edidiyelwe yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Akunakwenzeka ukulenza lingabonakali ngomjovo emzimbeni womuntu. Ubukhulu obukhulu, ngenxa yamaza omsakazo asetshenzisiwe, kanye nesidingo sokubeka i-antenna ye-5G endaweni esobala kuyazikhulumela - esigulini, ukufakwa kwe-5G transceiver kanye ne-antenna ngeke kubonakale.
Amagama ambalwa adinga ukushiwo mayelana namandla adingekayo ekusebenzeni kwe-transceiver ye-5G (kanye nokuxhumana kweselula ngokujwayelekile). Lapho ukuxhumana kusungulwa phakathi kwe-transmitter nesiteshi sesisekelo, amandla esiginali afinyelela ku-1 W. Isiginali kufanele ibe namandla ukuze kudlule ukuqinisekiswa nokusungula isiteshi esithembekile, kodwa lesi sigaba sithatha indaba yama-millisecond. Ake sithi kuleli cala, isakhamuzi esichotshoziwe sinikezwa i-supercapacitor enamandla (ionistor). Ukunwebeka okukhulu, kodwa kuyenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe. Ngemuva kwesigaba sokusungula ukuxhumana, amandla amakhulu kangaka awasadingeki ukuze usebenzise isiteshi somsakazo; ungadlula ngamandla oda amashumi amaningana ama-milliwatts. Ngokucabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-algorithms yokulungisa amaphutha kanye nokuthunyelwa okukhulu kweziteshi ze-5G, sicabanga ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla okudluliswa kwe-transceiver kwe-10 mW kuzokwanela ukusekela isiteshi sokuxhumana. Kodwa ngisho nalokhu kuhlanganisa okubaluleke kakhulu kwisabelomali sephrosesa etshaliwe kanye nokususa kumbono wozungu.
I-chipization yangempela kusasa: izobukeka kanjani?
Kusukela kukho konke okushiwo ngenhla, kulandela ngokucacile ukuthi i-chipization eyimfihlo, okuyinto, ngokwesibonelo, ingafihlwa njengokugoma, akunakwenzeka nje ezingeni lamanje lobuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuphikisani neqiniso lokuthi ukufakwa kwezimila ze-semiconductor emzimbeni womuntu kungase kube ngokoqobo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Kuzokwenzeka ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele futhi enezinhloso ezehlukene uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho okucatshangwa abaqambi bozungu. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ibheke kuphi ngempela kule ndawo, kunengqondo ukubheka i-Neuralink neural interface, ethuthukiswa yinkampani ka-Elon Musk yegama elifanayo.
Ngesonto eledlule u-Elon Musk futhi ukuthi ekupheleni konyaka i-Neuralink izoqala izivivinyo zomtholampilo ze-interface yokuphathelene nomshini womuntu kubantu abaphilayo. Ngaphambilini uthembise ukwenza izivivinyo ezifanayo ngonyaka odlule, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile (okungenzeka ukuthi isimo esingokomthetho), ukufakwa kwe-Neuralink neural interface ebuchosheni obuphilayo besiguli akukenzeki.
Kwakuzokwenzeka kanjani lokhu. Ake sinikeze u-Musk indawo: “Sizosika ucezu logebhezi ngokoqobo, bese sifaka idivayisi ye-Neuralink lapho. Ngemva kwalokhu, izintambo ze-electrode zizoxhunywa ngokucophelela ebuchosheni, bese konke kuzothungwa. Idivayisi izokwazi ukusebenzisana nanoma iyiphi ingxenye yobuchopho futhi izobuyisela ukubona okulahlekile noma ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza kwezitho.”
I-Chipization ngokusho kuka-Elon Musk izoba yingxenye yokuhlinzwa okunzima. Lokhu akuwona ukugoma ngesivinini sokuqhuma kwesibhamu somshini, kudinga indlela yomuntu ngamunye. Ama-chips afakwa ngaphakathi kwekhanda lesiguli, futhi ama-electrode acwiliswa ku-cortex ye-cerebral ngokohlelo olukhethekile.
Futhi, ngokusobala, ama-chips angaphakathi kogebhezi azoxhunywa ku-inductor etholakala endaweni ethile eduze (akukho lutho oluhlelelwe ukukhishwa ngaphandle), futhi idivayisi yangaphakathi izoxhumana nezwe langaphandle - ngebhethri kanye ne-transceiver ye-Bluetooth (bese ikhompuyutha) - izokwenziwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-RFID.
Kusukela ezithombeni eziveziwe ungaqonda ukuthi i-chipization yangempela izobukeka kanjani. Umgomo wokuchopha okunjalo uwukwenza iziguli ezinganyakazi noma abantu abalimele kakhulu bakwazi ukulawula ama-smartphone, amakhompyutha noma izitho zokwenziwa zikagesi “ngamandla okucabanga.” Kungenjalo, kungase kwenzeke ukubuyisela okuthile kokubona noma ukuzwa. Lokhu sekuvele kuyimpendulo. Kwezinye izimo, uhlelo olunjalo luzosiza ukubuyisela amakhono emoto emzimbeni uma umonakalo womgogodla ucekele phansi umzila oqondile wokudluliselwa kwemizwa yezinzwa.
Esikhathini esizayo esikude kakhulu, uMusk uphupha ngokuhlanganisa ubuhlakani bomuntu kanye nokufakelwa, futhi-ke, ngosizo lwama-chips anjalo umuntu angalawulwa. Ngolunye usuku lokhu kuzokwenzeka, kodwa kakhulu, isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ingabe bayoba khona abamelene nalo mkhuba? Impela! Ukungazi kungaqedwa kuphela ngemfundo yesayensi, futhi ngalokhu emhlabeni wethu, yonke into namanje ayikho ngendlela engcono kakhulu.
isiphetho
Ngenhla sikhulume ngokuningiliziwe ngalokho okuqondakalayo (sethemba) kubantu abaningi abasangulukile. Ngeshwa, i-inthanethi inikeze inkundla yanoma yimiphi imibono, okuhlanganisa leyo enezinga eliphakeme lezinganekwane kanye nesisekelo esincane sesayensi noma ngisho nokuntuleka okuphelele kokuqonda. Asikwazanga ukuma eceleni futhi sanquma ukukhuluma ngodaba lwe-chipization ngomoya wokuthi lungabukeka kanjani ngempela esigabeni samanje sokuthuthukiswa kwe-electronics. Zonke izibalo ezingenhla ziyalinganiselwa, kodwa zikhuluma ngokucacile mayelana nezinga lamakhono ezixazululo ezinjalo.
Kunesiphetho esisodwa kuphela: namuhla abukho ubuchwepheshe obenza kube nokwenzeka ukudala isisombululo esihlanganisiwe esincane sokungeniswa okungabonakali noma okubonakalayo emzimbeni womuntu ukuze kulawulwe izenzo zayo. Nokho, inkulumo-ze enhle endala ibhekana kahle nalo msebenzi, kodwa leyo indaba ehluke ngokuphelele.
Source: 3dnews.ru