Sekuyiminyaka emibili manje, i-3DNews inekholomu ethi "Ikhompuyutha Yenyanga", lapho sicubungula khona ukulungiswa kwehadiwe elifaneleka ngokuhambisana nezidingo zomthengi kanye nobukhulu besikhwama sakhe semali. Kodwa isizindalwazi sethu selokhu saba khona kusukela ngo-1997, futhi sasingakabi nawo “amakhompyutha enyanga”. Kuthiwani uma ubuyela emuva ngengqondo esikhathini esidlule semboni ye-IT (ngisho noma ungekho ekuqaleni kwe-3DNews, kodwa, yithi, eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule) futhi ucabange ukuthi iyiphi inhlanganisela yamadivayisi eyayingenzeka ngalezo zinsuku? Ngaphansi kwesimo esisodwa - ngeke sizibophezele ngemikhawulo yezezimali futhi sakhe ikhompuyutha ezoba nomcabango owanele, inqobo nje uma i-hardware ihlala ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yaleyo nkathi. Bese sizobheka ukuthi uhlelo lwephupho lwangaleso sikhathi lungenzani emidlalweni enzima kakhulu yokuphenduka kwenkulungwane yeminyaka, ngoba inhloso yethu i-PC yokudlala engaxegi.
Inkundla ye-Single-processor ku-Pentium III
Uma ukhetha ikhompuyutha ngokuya ngamazinga ka-1999-2000, ungaya ngendlela eyodwa kwezimbili: thatha inkundla ye-Intel ene-Pentium III processor emaphakathi noma enye i-AMD ene-Athlon CPU. Umvubukuli wemboni ye-IT ubhekene nokukhetha okunzima, njengoba zombili izakhiwo ngaleso sikhathi zazizinhle ngokulinganayo ekwakheni ikhompyutha yokudlala enamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-chips e-AMD asekelwe kumgogodla we-Thunderbird abe nenzuzo yamabhodi omama asekela inkumbulo ye-DDR SDRAM. Abafundi abanolwazi kakhulu bangase baqaphele ukuthi kukhona namabhodi ePentium III ane-DDR noma ngisho ne-RDRAM Slots, kodwa lezi zisengavamile futhi kunzima ukuzithola uma zithengiswa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani, sakhetha iPentium III - ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezizathu ezizwakalayo, ngoba ngo-2000 i-Intel ithembele ekwakhiweni okusha kwe-NetBurst kanye nama-Pentium chips 4. Futhi ukukhishwa kamuva kwePentium III, ngaleyo ndlela, kwadweba umugqa ngaphansi kwayo yonke ngenkathi, ngenkathi i-Athlon esekelwe ekwakhiweni kwe-K7 ithuthuke ngempumelelo ngokuqhubekayo.
Ngemva kokuvala udaba ngeplatifomu, udinga ukunquma ngokuguqulwa okuthile kwephrosesa emaphakathi. Uma singeke siphambuke osukwini oluyindilinga "eminyakeni engama-20 edlule" futhi sinamathela esimisweni sesikhathi esiqinile sika-1999, ukukhetha kwehlela kwelinye lamamodeli kumongo weCoppermine. Kodwa ake sandise izimo zenkinga. Kuthiwani uma siphushela isiteji sePentium III emikhawulweni yayo? Khona-ke ukukhethwa kwe-CPU kusobala - lena iPentium III-S kumongo weTualatin enemvamisa yegama elingu-1,43 GHz! Futhi ibhodi lomama liyayifanisa - i-Abit ST6 ku-chipset ye-Intel 815EP. Abantu abadala bazokhumbula ukuthi leli elinye lamabhodi angcono kakhulu okusebenzisa i-Pentium III ngokweqile, ngakho-ke asizange siphuthelwe yithuba lokweqa i-CPU ku-1,68 GHz. Izikhala ze-RAM zithathe amamojula amathathu e-PC-133 anenani eliphelele lama-384 MB - ibhodi lingakwazi ukuphatha inkumbulo ephindwe kabili, kodwa asikho isidingo salokhu sokuhlolwa kwemidlalo.
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Ibhodi le-Abit ST6 alinalo ikhadi lenethiwekhi elakhelwe ngaphakathi, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi ikhompuyutha engenakho ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi yayivamile ngokuphelele. I-adaptha ye-3Com 3C905B-TX 100 Mbps efanele unyaka ixazulule le nkinga. Kodwa ngokuya nge-subsystem yediski, sikopele futhi saxhuma i-SSD sisebenzisa isilawuli se-PROMISE Technology SATA300 TX2Plus: isivinini sokulayisha i-OS nezinhlelo ezisuka kudiski ye-IDE akusona isipiliyoni ofuna ukusikhumbuza amashumi eminyaka kamuva.
Ipulatifomu ye-Dual-processor ku-Pentium III
I-motherboard ye-Abit ST6 kanye ne-Pentium III-S eyeqile—iningi lethu lalikwazi ukuphupha ikhompuyutha enjalo eminyakeni engu-20 edlule. Kodwa njengoba isikhathi sesibonisile, umuntu bekufanele aphuphe ngohlelo lwe-dual-core. Yiqiniso, izinhlelo eziningi ze-PC yasekhaya, ingasaphathwa imidlalo, ngaleyo minyaka azikwazanga ukusebenzisa ama-processor amabili aphakathi, kodwa i-hardware yayinethuba elinjalo, futhi manje sesilisebenzisile.
Izinhlelo zalesi sihloko ekuqaleni zazihlanganisa i-motherboard ye-ASUS CUV4X-DL enezisekelo ezimbili - ayihambisani ngokusemthethweni nama-chips e-Tualatin, kodwa ingamukela ama-Pentium III-S amabili ngemva kokuguqula izixhumi (noma ukusebenzisa ama-adaptha). Maye, ikhophi yethu kuvele ukuthi isifile, kodwa kwavela ukushintshwa okufanayo ngendlela ye-Intel SAI2 ku-ServerWorks ServerSet III LE chipset. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli bhodi lenze ukuthi kutholakale i-2 GB ye-RAM kusetshenziswa amamojula amane okubhalisa e-PC-133. Vumelana, lokhu kumiswa sekuvele kubukeka kusimanje manje, ikakhulukazi ngedrayivu ye-SSD.
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Le nkundla inesici esisodwa esibalulekile - ukuntuleka kwesixhumi se-AGP, ngakho-ke ukukhethwa kwekhadi lezithombe ze-Pentium III-S enamakhanda amabili kulinganiselwe kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Abit ST6. Ngenhlanhla, ibhodi le-SAI2 aligcini nje ngokuthwala izikhala ezijwayelekile ezingama-32-bit PCI, kodwa futhi nezikhala ezimbili ze-64-bit PCI-X, okukhona kuzo amakhadi ehluzo afanelekile. Sithathe enye yazo ngesilawuli se-Adaptec ASR-2230SLP/256 RAID sebhasi le-Ultra-320 SCSI futhi sahlanganisa uhlu lwediski ye-RAID-0 kuma-hard drive amathathu e-Seagate Cheetah 15K.5 anesivinini sokuphotha esingu-15 thousand rpm. Vele, ngisho noxhaxha lwamadrayivu amathathu we-15K aliyona imbangi ye-SSD, kodwa noma kunjalo, ngokuya ngejubane lokwethula i-OS nokufaka izinhlelo, i-RAID inikeza inzuzo enkulu ngaphezu kwe-hard drive eyodwa.
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Amakhadi wevidiyo
Lapho sikhetha amakhadi evidiyo okuhlolwa, siphinde saqondiswa izinga elithile lobuchwepheshe esikhundleni sesikhathi esiqinile. Iphrosesa ye-Pentium III-S ene-frequency ye-1,43 GHz yavela ngo-2002: akubanga isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokukhululwa kwe-GeForce 3 ne-Radeon 8500. Kodwa ama-shaders ahlelekayo asevele ewumfula omkhulu emlandweni wama-GPU, esanquma ukuwuyeka. kwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakhadi evidiyo angesikhathi lapho igama elithi Graphics Processing Unit ngokwalo (okuwukuthi, laqanjwa yi-NVIDIA ngokuqondile i-GeForce 256) lalingakasebenzi, nawo awafaneleki ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphupho phezulu. -ukuphela kwePentium III. Umngane ongcono kakhulu wohlelo olunjalo - kokubili ngokuya ngokulandelana kwezikhathi nokubaluleka komlando - kuzoba enye yamamodeli okuqala ane-hardware T&L: kungaba i-NVIDIA GeForce 256 noma i-ATi Radeon DDR.
I-GeForce 256 ayidingi singeniso - iyizibulo lomndeni wakwaGeForce, ngokusekelwe kuphrosesa ye-NV10. Isabelomali esikhulu se-transistor ngaleso sikhathi (izigidi ezingu-17 ezinobuchwepheshe benqubo ye-220 nm) savumela i-NVIDIA ukuthi ihlanganise iyunithi yejometri ku-GPU eyenza uguquko kanye nokukhanya kwamapholygoni. Kodwa-ke, amandla alo msebenzi abonakaliswe ngokugcwele kuphela ekuphindaphindweni okulandelayo kwezakhiwo, lapho isivinini sephrosesa emaphakathi singasavumeli i-GPU, eyayintula i-hardware T&L, ukuthi isetshenziswe ngempumelelo.
Umcimbi obaluleke ngokulinganayo wezisheshisi ze-3D kwaba ukushintshwa kwe-RAM kusukela kwezinga le-SDRAM eliphelelwe yisikhathi ukuya kwe-DDR SDRAM eqhubekayo, okuvumele i-GPU ukuthi iphinde kabili umkhawulokudonsa webhafa wozimele. I-NVIDIA yethule ikhadi levidiyo elisekelwe ku-NV10 elinama-DDR chips ngemuva nje kokukhululwa kwe-GeForce 256 yasekuqaleni, kodwa esikhundleni salokho sakhetha imodeli elandelayo - i-GeForce 2 GTS. Ihlukile ku-GeForce 256 hhayi kuphela ohlotsheni lwe-RAM, kodwa futhi enanini eliphindwe kabili lamayunithi okumephu wokuthungwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-GeForce 2 GTS iqukethe ama-rudiments ama-pixel shader, lawo, vele, awazitshwa ngokuphelele abenzi begeyimu bangaleso sikhathi. Kepha sekukonke, i-GeForce 2 GTS imane iwukuqhubeka kwemibono equkethwe ku-GeForce 256.
I-Radeon yokuqala, njengeGeForce 256, kamuva yaba umsunguli womndeni wayo wamakhadi ehluzo. Le divayisi yenze i-ATi yaba ngomunye wabadlali abahamba phambili emakethe ye-GPU ehlukile - okungenani ngokwemibandela yezobuchwepheshe. I-chip ye-R100 iphinda konke okuhle kakhulu i-NVIDIA eyayinakho ngaleso sikhathi: i-hardware T&L nokusekelwa kwememori ye-DDR SDRAM. Ngenxa yezici zezakhiwo ze-Radeon DDR graphic processor, ayizange ibe nezinga eliphezulu lokugcwalisa uma iqhathaniswa ne-GeForce 2 GTS, okwakuyimbangi yayo enkulu. Kodwa i-R100 inenzuzo ebalulekile - umsebenzi wokusika izindawo ezingabonakali (Z-Culling) ekuqaleni kwe-conveyor. Siyabonga ngakho, i-Radeon DDR isebenzisa ngempumelelo umkhawulokudonsa wenkumbulo omkhulu wama-DDR chips futhi iyakwazi ukuncintisana ngokulingana nezimbangi zayo lapho inikela ngombala we-32-bit.
Ngesikhathi lapho kuvela i-GeForce 256 kanye ne-Radeon DDR, i-NVIDIA ne-ATi (bese i-AMD) yayingakakwazi ukuhlukanisa imakethe yamakhadi wevidiyo phakathi kwabo. Inkampani ye-3dfx yayiphila iminyaka yayo yokugcina, futhi ingoma yayo ye-swan kwakuyi-accelerator ye-Voodoo5 5500. Ikhadi levidiyo elihle kakhulu i-3dfx elikwazi ukulikhulula emakethe lisekelwe kuma-chips amabili e-VSA-100 axhunywe isikhombimsebenzisi se-SLI - abathuthukisi balokhu. izakhiwo ekuqaleni zazihlelelwe ukukhulisa ukusebenza ngokudiliza ebhodini elilodwa ama-GPU amaningana ahlukene (kuze kufike izingcezu ezine njengengxenye yeVoodoo5 6000). Iphrosesa eyodwa ye-VSA-100 ayihlukile ngokuyisisekelo ku-Avenger chip yesizukulwane sangaphambili (uchungechunge lweVoodoo3). Into esemqoka eyenziwe yi-3dfx kwakuwukusekela ukunikezwa ngombala we-32-bit, wonke amadivayisi wangaphambilini avela kule nkampani ayentula. Kodwa uma ama-VSA-100 amabili ane-SDRAM esebenza ngokuhambisana, ikhadi levidiyo linomkhawulokudonsa wememori ofanayo njengememori ye-DDR. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-VSA-100 inesici esasingaphambi kwesikhathi sayo: i-hardware buffer eqongelela imiphumela yokunikeza amafreyimu ambalwa (T-Buffer). Ngenxa ye-T-Buffer, isisheshisi siyakwazi ukufinyelela emiphumeleni efana nekhwalithi ephezulu yesikrini esigcwele esimelene ne-aliasing, ukufiphala kokunyakaza, noma ukulingisa ukudubula ngembobo evulekile ngokufiphalisa ingemuva. Futhi eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, abashayeli abangekho emthethweni be-Voodoo5 bethula umsebenzi wesikhashana wokulwa ne-aliasing osebenza kudatha evela kumafreyimu amaningana alandelanayo.
Wonke amakhadi evidiyo asohlwini akhiqizwa ngokucushwa nge-AGP noma i-PCI interface. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma yimuphi kubo uzothola indawo ohlelweni lwe-dual-processor ebhodini lomama le-Intel SAI2. Maye, amasampula okuhlola e-GeForce 256, i-GeForce 2 GTS, i-Radeon DDR ne-Voodoo5 5500, esinayo esitokweni, agijima ebhasini le-AGP, ngakho-ke ku-SAI2 kuzodingeka ubheke ezinye izinketho - isibonelo, ama-classics ku- uhlobo lwepheya leVoodoo2, elihlanganiswe ibhuloho le-SLI. Futhi uma kunjalo, kungani-ke ungangezi ibhodi le-Voodoo3 3000 ohlwini lwabahlanganyeli bokuhlolwa - okungenani ukuze uqhathanise ne-Voodoo5 5500, eseduze ne-Avenger chip ekwakhiweni kwe-GPU. Futhi, ekugcineni, i-Voodoo ihlale ithakazelisa, ngoba i-GeForce ne-Radeon basenathi, futhi amadivayisi we-3dfx ahlala ewumlando.
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Ngemva kokulinganisa zonke izinzuzo nezingozi, sengeze elinye ibhodi ohlwini lwabahlanganyeli bokuhlola - i-accelerator ye-Matrox Parhelia ene-PCI interface. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sivumile ukuthi singawathinti amakhadi wevidiyo anama-shaders ahlelekayo, futhi i-Parhelia iyisisetshenziswa sesikhathi esifanayo kanye nekhono elifanayo ne-GeForce 3, i-GeForce 4 ne-Radeon 8500. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Parhelia-512 kusuka ku-2002 ingenye yama-GPU asebenza kakhulu kamuva, akhiqizwa ngobuningi emabhodini anesixhumanisi se-PCI, hhayi nje noma yiluphi uhlobo, kodwa i-64-bit PCI-X. Ukuhlolwa kwayo kuzokhombisa ukusebenza okuphezulu okungatholakala ebhodini le-Intel SAI2.
Source: 3dnews.ru
