Sawubona %igama lomsebenzisi%.
Ngenkathi ucwaninga kudivayisi yakho, siqhubeka nesihloko sikabhiya, esesivele sisimbozile kancane. , kancane kancane - , kodwa asigcini lapho!
Ngijabule kakhulu ukuthi ekugcineni nginqume ukwelula lokhu ochungechungeni lwezihloko, ngoba ngokuphawula ngabona ukuthi izindaba eziningi ezazibonakala zingasho lutho ekuqaleni kufanele zixazululwe - futhi ukube bengibhale isihloko esisodwa, bekungaba noma engaphelele, noma yinde kakhulu futhi eyisicefe.
Futhi ngakho - sesivele sinengxenye yesithathu futhi, ngethemba, akukho okuthakazelisa kancane. Futhi ngibhala ngamabomu ekuseni ngeSonto, ukuze ngingonakalisi ukuqala kwesonto lomsebenzi. Ngizoyichitha ngezingxenye ezilandelayo :)
Hambani.
Ngizoqala ngomlando othenjisiwe we-Guinness noSuku luka-St. Patrick.
Iholide elikhulu lase-Ireland sekuyisikhathi eside lihlotshaniswa kakhulu nombala oluhlaza, ama-parade, ama-leprechauns abomvu aphuzile kanye nobhiya we-Guinness. Kodwa lokhu kuyinqaba - emva kwakho konke, yini uSt. Patrick futhi, ngempela, ukutholwa kobuKristu e-Ireland kuhlobene no-Arthur Guinness kanye nemboni yakhe, eyavela kamuva kakhulu?
Kodwa empeleni, akekho - ngaphezu kwalokho: kuze kube yi-60s yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, zonke izindawo zokushicilela zavalwa ngoSuku LukaSt. . Kodwa njengoba ama-Irish engabantu base-Ireland, ngo-March 17, ngesikhathi esifanayo nokwamukelwa kobuKristu yi-Ireland, abantu ngesikhathi esifanayo bayawahlonipha amasiko ase-Ireland.
Empeleni, kwakuyilona kanye βisikoβ leholide abakhiqizi bakwaGuinness abalisebenzisayo. Abaphisi botshwala base-Ireland abasafufusa, abanesabelomali esikhulu, abagcinanga ngokukhuthalela ukukhangisa ngemikhiqizo yabo ngesikhathi samaholide, kodwa futhi banxenxa ukuthi ibanjwe emazweni ahlukene. Ubungazi, %igama lomsebenzisi%, kodwa e-Malaysia bagubha uSuku Luka-St. Patrick ngokuhloniphekile kakhulu ngenxa yokwahlukaniswa kwendawo kwenkampani. E-Canada, lapho leli holide selivele lidume kakhulu, abamele indawo yokuphuza utshwala ngokuvamile bakhuthaza ukuthi kube iholide lezwe.
Ngokuvamile, kufanele sinikeze inkampani imfanelo yayo: yenze konke ukuze lapho abantu bezwa igama elithi "Ireland," into yokuqala abayikhumbulayo i-stout edumile futhi ngobuqotho bayibheka njengobhiya oyinhloko weholide. Ngokwezibalo, ukuthengiswa kwe-Guinness kukhuphuka cishe izikhathi ezingu-10 ngosuku luka-St. Patrick. Funda ukumaketha okuhlakaniphile, %igama lomsebenzisi%!
Sizokhuluma ngeGuinness izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, kodwa okwamanje sizoqhubeka mayelana nezithako zikabhiya. Kuncane esisasele - futhi konke kungakhethwa.
Hop.
Ngakho-ke, ake siqale ngeqiniso lokuthi ama-hops (lat. HΓΊmulus) awuhlobo lwezitshalo eziqhakazayo zomndeni we-Hemp. Yebo, yebo, izigaxa ze-hop ziyizihlobo zalezo zigaxa abanye omalumekazi nomalume abangathΓ sina abathanda kakhulu ukuba khona kuvulandi wakho. Kodwa ake sisuse ngokushesha enye yezinganekwane: ama-hops, ngokuphambene nencazelo yegama elithi "ukudakwa" kanye nokuba khona kwezihlobo ezingabazekayo emndenini, akuthinti nganoma iyiphi indlela amandla kabhiya, kodwa abe nomphumela omnene wokudambisa, amandla aphansi kune-valerian. I-Valocordin, i-Valosedan, i-Novo-Passit, i-Korvaldin, i-Sedavit, i-Urolesan imithi equkethe ama-hops noma izingxenye zayo. Asikhulume iqiniso: wutshwala obukudakisayo, hhayi ama-hops, okuyiwona aphumuzayo futhi apholile.
"Izigaxa" zama-hops ziqukethe i-8-prenylnaringenin, into eyingxenye yesigaba se-phytoestrogens (isitshalo se-phyto, i-estrogen - i-hormone yobulili yabesifazane), enikeza ama-hops umsebenzi we-estrogenic. Ekuhlolweni kwamagundane athenwa kanye namagundane amancane, kutholwe ukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-hop okungu-70% ngomthamo we-10-30 mg kubangela i-estrus noma i-proestrus. Ukuphathwa kwansuku zonke kwe-hop ekhishwe ezilwaneni izinsuku ezingu-12 kwandisa isisindo sophondo lwesibeletho izikhathi ezingu-4,1. Ukwengezwa kwe-8-isoprenylnaringenin emanzini okuphuza amagundane ane-ovariectomized kubangele ukukhuthazwa kwe-estrogenic ye-epithelium yangasese. Kodwa-ke, umphumela wafinyelelwa ekuhlanganiseni okungenani kwe-100 ΞΌg/ml, ephakeme izikhathi ezingu-500 kunokuqukethwe kwe-8-isoprenylnaringenin kubhiya.
Kunemizwa eminingi esolwayo mayelana nomphumela we-phytoestrogens evela ku-hops kubhiya emzimbeni womuntu: abesifazane ababambe iqhaza ekuvuneni ama-hops baphazamiseka imijikelezo yabo, amadoda alahlekelwa isithunzi ngendlela eyinhlekelele - nokho-ke, imizwa ayikunaki ukuthi I-phytoestrogen equkethwe kuma-hops icishe ibe buthaka ngokuphindwe ka-5000 kune-estrogen yezilwane. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ukhule amabele amahle, aqinile, kuzodingeka uphuze amathani angama-5-10 kabhiya nsuku zonke. Ngakho-ke khohlwa konke mayelana namagama asabekayo "estrus" nelithi "proestrus", yeka ukuzama izimpondo zakho futhi ubheke i-epithelium yangasese - noma okungcono, uthele enye ingilazi.
Amahops ayisithako ongasithola kubhiya. Ngaphambili, amakhambi akhethekile ayesetshenziswa esikhundleni sokukhiqiza, kodwa umgomo wawusefana: ukulinganisa ubumnandi be-malt nokumunyu kwamakhambi. Ubhiya bungaphiswa ngaphandle kwama-hops, kodwa kulokhu kuzovela kungalingani futhi kunganambitheki.
Amahops athinta izici eziphawulekayo zikabhiya: iphunga, ukunambitheka okuphelele futhi, ikakhulukazi, izinga lokubaba. Intukuthelo iyinkomba eyinhloko; ngezansi sizoyihlaziya kabanzi. Ukwengeza ama-hops ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhiqiza ubhiya kuzokhulisa ukubaba futhi kushintshe ngokuphawulekayo ukunambitheka, futhi ezigabeni zakamuva kuzothinta ikakhulukazi iphunga - amawolintshi, izithelo zothando, izimbali, umango, amakhambi, umhlabathi kanye namanye amaphunga kabhiya avela kumahops. , futhi hhayi ezithasiselweni ezinhle, eziqala ngohlamvu "E" nezinombolo ezingemuva. Kodwa ungalenzi iphutha,% igama lomsebenzisi%: elinye lamaphunga amnandi kabhiya ingxube yephunga lomchamo wekati kanye ne-currant emnyama - lo mphumela ufezwa ukuhlushwa okukhulu kwama-Simcoe hops, kodwa iphunga lekhofi elisanda kufakwa kungenzeka ukuthi ikudonsele eshibhini elilandelayo - ngokuphambene nalokho, iphunga alinaki futhi libhekwa njengelingamukelekile kubhiya. Kuvela ngenxa ye-oxidation yama-hops lapho ubhiya uchayeka elangeni - okuningi ngalokho kamuva.
Njengemalt, inhlobonhlobo kabhiya ingakhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izinhlobo eziningana zamahops, ezengezwe ngezigaba ezihlukene. Ngale ndlela, izakhiwo ezithakazelisa kakhulu zokunambitheka kanye nephunga lesiphuzo zingafinyelelwa, ngakho-ke inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-hops okuphuza liyatshalwa emhlabeni, futhi izinhlobo ezintsha zivela njalo ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ziyizinhlobo ezimbalwa, ezidume kakhulu zivela eCzech Republic nase-USA. Enye yamahops adume kakhulu futhi abonakalayo yi-Saaz, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Zhatetsky. Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo zama-lagers, enikeza ukubaba okucashile kanye nephunga elimnandi elibonakalayo lomhlabathi elinamanothi amakhambi. Uma uphuze obhiya bakudala besi-Czech noma, yithi, i-Stella Artois lager, kusho ukuthi ujwayelene nalokho engikhuluma ngakho.
Ngokuvamile, ama-hops acindezelwe ngendlela yama-granules asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni (kunombono wokuthi lokhu kwakungenye yezizathu zokuvela kwenganekwane mayelana nobhiya we-powder): ngale ndlela igcinwa isikhathi eside futhi igcina izakhiwo zayo, kanye nekhwalithi. kabhiya ayihlupheki nganoma iyiphi indlela.
EBelgium, amaqabunga e-hop kanye namahlumela amancane asetshenziselwa amasaladi futhi afakwe esobho namasoso. E-Romania, amahlumela amancane asetshenziswa njenge-asparagus. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-hops ayesetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ibhikawozi ukubhaka isinkwa nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-confectionery. Amahops abuye asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni hhayi ubhiya kuphela, kodwa namawayini oju: athuthukisa izici zawo ze-organoleptic, akhuthaze ukucaciswa kwemvelo kwewayini loju futhi alivikele ekumuncu.
Kodwa ukubaluleka okuyinhloko kwama-hops lapho kwenziwa utshwala ama-alpha acid awo. Leli igama elinikezwe izinhlanganisela eziyinkimbinkimbi njenge-humulone.
Nansi i-humulon enhle
Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo ze-hop, izimo zayo ezikhulayo, ubudala ngesikhathi sokuvuna kanye nenqubo yokomisa, ukuhlushwa kwe-humulone kungase kuhluke, isibonelo:
- I-Cascade 4.5-8%
- Ikhulunyaka 9-11.5%
- I-Chinook 12-14%
- I-East Kent Goldings 4.5-7%
- I-Hallertauer Hersbrucker 2.5-5%
- Mt. I-hood 3.5-8%
- I-Saaz 2-5%
- I-Styrian Goldings 4.5-7%
- I-Willamette 4-7%
Ngendlela, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ngaphezu kwe-humulone kukhona i-cohumulone, i-adhumulon, i-posthumulon ne-prehumulon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nama-beta acids: i-lupulone, i-colupulone ne-adlupulone. Adlulisa ukubaba okumaholo kancane kubhiya kunama-alpha acid. Kodwa, njengoba zingancibiliki kahle, umnikelo wazo uncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ama-alpha male acids anqobayo.
Lapho kushisa, ama-alpha acid angena kwi-isomerization, ngakho-ke i-isohumulone yakheka kusuka ku-humulone:
I-isohumulone eyamukelwa njengezinga lokubaba ku-Chamber of Weights and Measures. Isifinyezo esingaqondakali esithi IBU, esimelela ama-International Bitterness Units, sibonisa ngokuyisisekelo ukuthi yikuphi ukugcwala kwe-isohumulone emanzini ku-mg/l okuhambisana nokubaba kobhiya othile. . Kukholakala ukuthi umkhawulo wokutholwa komunyu kubantu ulinganiselwa ku-120 IBU. Noma yini enkulu kunaleli nani izobonwa ngokulinganayo. Lokhu kubalulekile ukukhumbula lapho uhlangana nobhiya obuthengiswayo obunamazinga aphezulu okubaba; ngaphandle kwalokho, asikho isidingo sokuphuza ubhiya one-IBU ephansi ngemva kwenani eliphezulu - ama-taste buds "azovaleka" futhi ngeke uphumelele. ngiyakuthokozela ukunambitheka.
Ngendlela, ama-beta acid awahlukani njengoba kwenza ama-alpha acid. Esikhundleni salokho, benza i-oxidize kancane. Njengoba le nqubo ithatha isikhathi eside, lapho ubhiya uvutshelwa futhi ugugile, umphumela uba namandla kakhulu futhi ubonakala nakakhulu.
I-Isohumulone ingenye ye-iso-alpha acids, kodwa wonke anomunye umphumela obalulekile ngokungangabazeki: anomphumela we-bacteriostatic kumabhaktheriya amaningi e-gram-positive. Okokuqala, lokhu kucindezela ukwanda kwamagciwane abangela ukuvutshelwa kwe-lactic acid - okungukuthi, kuvikela ubhiya ekumuncu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-iso-alpha acids ayisebenzi kumagciwane angenayo igram, ngakho-ke umshini wokuphuza utshwala kufanele aqaphe inhlanzeko nobunyumba uma efuna ukuthola ubhiya ekugcineni, hhayi utshwala obunuka futhi obumuncu.
Ukucabangela lezi zici, kuyacaca ukuthi kungani eNkathini Ephakathi ubhiya wawuthandwa esikhundleni samanzi: iphunga nokunambitheka kwesiphuzo kwakuwubufakazi obuhle kakhulu bokungcoliswa kwawo ngamabhaktheriya, okungeke kushiwo ngamanzi ngokwawo.
Ama-Iso-alpha acid, noma kunjalo, njengezinye izinto ezifakwe kuma-hops, abaluleke kakhulu kugwebu: uma i-malt ibangele ukwakheka kwegwebu, ama-hops athinta ukuphikelela kwawo. Lokhu, ngendlela, kubonakala ikakhulukazi esibonelweni sama-lagers alula alula ane-low density: ukuthululela i-Miller engilazini, ngeke uthole inhloko yegwebu eqinile, eqhubekayo.
Nokho, ama-iso-alpha acid aholela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi βubhiya we-skunky.β Lapho kukhona ukukhanya nomoya-mpilo, lezi zinto ziphuka ngendlela ebangelwa i-riboflavin, zikhiqize ama-radicals mahhala ngokuqhekeka kwe-homolytic ye-exocyclic carbon-carbon bond. I-acyl side radical eqhekekile bese iyabola futhi, ikhiqize i-radical engu-1,1-dimethylallyl. Le radical ingasabela ngama-amino acid anesulfure njenge-cysteine ββββukwakha i-3-methylbut-2-ene-1-thiol - futhi lo mkhiqizo unesibopho sephunga le-skunk. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni eziphansi kakhulu iphunga lizwakala njengekhofi elisanda kugazingwa.
Kunoma ikuphi, ukuwohloka kwe-iso-alpha acid kuyinqubo engathandeki kakhulu, futhi lapho ama-hops amaningi kubhiya, kulapho okuwohloka khona ngokushesha, ukulahlekelwa iphunga nokubaba. Ngakho-ke, ubhiya owenziwe nge-hopped akufanele ugcinwe isikhathi eside: ubhiya ungalahlekelwa ingxenye yezindawo zawo ezinamakha phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa ngemva kokukhiqizwa. Kuwubulima nakakhulu ukuyigcina ivuliwe. Ukuze kube nobulungisa, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ukuwohloka okunjalo akuyona nje i-IPA kuphela, kodwa ngokujwayelekile noma yisiphi isitayela sikabhiya esibonakala ngengxenye ephawulekayo ye-hop: lezi yizo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlukahluka kwe-Pale Ale (APA, NEIPA, bitters). , njll.), nama-pilsners (ingxenye eyinhloko kabhiya waseCzech), ngisho nama-helles (ama-lager aseJalimane afana ne-Spaten, i-LΓΆwenbrau, i-Weihenstephaner nokunye okunjalo). Kunengqondo ukuphuza wonke lo bhiya njengoba fresh ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ungakhohlwa it in the esiqandisini noma, ikakhulukazi, eshalofini in the closet izinyanga eziningi. Ngisho noma ivulwe ngaphambi kosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, ngeke ibe mnandi kangako.
Ukuze kuqedwe ukuwohloka okungenzeka, ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ubhiya, ukunakwa okukhethekile kukhokhwa emandleni emisebe ye-UV ukuze ifinyelele ubhiya, kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-oxygen emanzini. Abanye abaphisi botshwala bathola ukugcwala komoyampilo kwamashumi ama-micrograms/l ngisho nangaphansi - ngakho uyaqonda, %igama lomsebenzisi%, sikhuluma ngamaleveli amukelekayo kumasekhethi okupholisa ama-reactors enuzi.
Ngendlela, namuhla kunezinhlobo ezingu-250 zamafutha abalulekile akhona kuma-hops. Lesi sitshalo siqukethe ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-myrcene, i-humulene ne-caryophyllene. Owesibili wabo wenza umnikelo obaluleke kakhulu ekunambitheka nephunga lesiphuzo esinegwebu. Izinhlobo ze-hop zaphesheya ziqukethe i-myrcene kakhulu kuneyaseYurophu. Yengeza amanothi e-citrus namaphayini. I-Caryophyllene yengeza ingcosana yesinongo futhi inikeze ubhiya ukunambitheka okubukhali. Uma ixubene nama-ester asebaluliwe atholakala ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa, amakha anjalo ayinkimbinkimbi angatholwa ukuthi u-Rive Gauche no-L'Etoile baphumule.
Igesi.
Yebo, %igama lomsebenzisi%, igesi nayo ingathathwa njengengxenye kabhiya.
Igesi yokuqala ohlwini lwethu i-carbon dioxide, enye yemikhiqizo engcolile yemvubelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani le-carbon dioxide kubhiya olungiswayo lincike kakhulu ezifisweni zomthengisi / uchwepheshe, kodwa cishe njalo liyahluka kuye ngokuthi yisiphi isitsha ubhiya ogcina ufakwa kuso. Futhi leli iphuzu eliyinhloko.
Ngokuvamile, singasho lokhu okulandelayo: igesi ihlale idingeka - ngakolunye uhlangothi, isusa umoya-mpilo oyingozi esixazululweni, futhi ngakolunye, ibangela ukwakheka kwegwebu lapho uvula ubhiya.
Ngokuvamile, ubhiya othengiswa ethini noma ebhodleleni ugcwala igesi wodwa phakathi nezigaba ezihlukahlukene zokuvutshelwa, noma uyaqhubeka nokwenza lokho kakade eshalofini endabeni ebizwa ngokuthi ubhiya ophilayo, ovutshelwa ebhodleleni. Kwezinye izimo, umenzi angakwazi ukuphoqa ubhiya nge-carbon dioxide ezingeni alifunayo - lokhu kuyashesha futhi kulula. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa uma ubhiya uhloselwe ukuthi ukhishwe empompini osebhawa noma esitolo. Kulokhu, yiqiniso, igesi ekhiqizwa imvubelo ayihlukile kulokho okwengezwe ku-cylinder. Kodwa-ke, ungakholelwa "ku-biocarbon dioxide" futhi ukhokhe amanani entengo eshibhile ngokuhambisana ngokugcwele nenkolelo-mbono yezinzuzo zokukhuphuka kwamasondo nge-nitrogen. Ngikufisela inhlanhla.
Ngakho-ke, ubhiya ophuma embonini, ogcwele imiphongolo ekhethekile (ama-kegs), unezinga elidingekayo le-carbonation (carbonation). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, endaweni yokufaka amabhodlela, okungukuthi, kubha noma esitolo samabhodlela, leli zinga kuzodingeka ligcinwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-cylinder yegesi (i-carbon dioxide noma i-nitrogen ingxube) ixhunywe ohlelweni lwamabhodlela: umsebenzi wayo awukona nje ukukhipha ubhiya ngaphandle kwe-keg, kodwa futhi nokugcina i-carbonation ezingeni elifanele.
Eqinisweni, kuye ngokuthi ingcindezi ebekwe ohlelweni lokugcwalisa, ivolumu ehlukile yegesi ingena kubhiya, yingakho inganikeza imizwa ehlukene ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Futhi lesi ngesinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani izinhlobonhlobo zamabhodlela ezifanayo zingabonwa ngendlela ehlukile ezindaweni ezihlukene futhi zihluke ezinguqulweni zayo zamabhodlela nezisemathinini.
Ngaphezu kwe-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen idinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Njengoba kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-60 edlule, umehluko wezakhiwo ze-carbon dioxide ne-nitrogen ushintsha kakhulu.
Cabanga ngeGuinness Draft esanda kuthelwa engilazini. Ikhanda eliminyene elinokhilimu, ngaphansi kunamabhamuza awayo, enza lowo βmphumela we-avalancheβ kakhulu, futhi ubhiya ngokwawo ubonakala unokhilimu kancane, awuna-carbonated, nokuthungwa okuthambile - konke lokhu kuwumphumela wokusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen ku-draft Guinness. .
Empeleni, umkhiqizi we-stout yase-Ireland manje edume umhlaba wonke owaqala ukusebenzisa le gesi lapho ethela ubhiya, kodwa lokhu akuzange kwenzeke ngenxa yokuphila okuhle. Inkampani edumile yokuphisa utshwala yakuthola kunzima ukuncintisana engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-XNUMX nezinhlobo ezisalungiswa ezazithola ukuthandwa ngaleso sikhathi, ikakhulukazi ama-lagers, futhi azikwazanga ukwenza lutho ngakho: I-Guinness ngaleso sikhathi yayithengiswa efudumele emabhodleleni, noma, okungcono kakhulu, kuthelwe nge-carbon dioxide, okwenza ukunambitheka kukabhiya kube kubi futhi kwanciphisa ngokuphawulekayo inqubo yokuthela. Abantu bafuna okuthile okubandayo futhi ngokushesha. Kwakufanele kwenziwe okuthile.
Inkinga yaxazululwa isisebenzi senkampani ekhiqiza utshwala yase-Ireland, uMichael Ash: ngokuba isazi sezibalo ngokuqeqeshwa, wabekwa abaphathi enhloko yeqembu okwakufanele lithuthukise ubuchwepheshe bokwandisa impilo yeshalofu yeGuinness esemabhodleleni. U-Ash akabonanga nje ukusebenza kahle kokukhishwa komoya okungcono lapho kusetshenziswa i-nitrogen esikhundleni se-carbon dioxide, yena nethimba lakhe bakha isimiso esasivumela i-stout ukuba ithululwe ngokushesha isuka emgqonyeni kusetshenziswa ingxube yamagesi ahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise ne-nitrogen. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1958, uhlelo olusha lwaba nobunikazi futhi kancane kancane lwaqala ukusetshenziswa, okwandisa ukuthengiswa kweGuinness ngekota. Ngendlela, cishe ngasikhathi sinye banelungelo lobunikazi bokwengezwa kwebhola lepulasitiki eline-nitrogen ecindezelwe kubhiya osemathinini, oqhuma lapho ithini livulwa futhi "libhubhe" ubhiya.
Manje emhlabeni kunamakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo ezifakwa emabhodleleni zisebenzisa i-nitrogen, noma kunalokho zisebenzisa ingxube ye-nitrogen ne-carbon dioxide: ikakhulukazi ngesilinganiso esingaba ngu-80% kuya ku-20%, ngokulandelana. Ikakhulukazi ungathola ama-ales esiNgisi nama-Irish futhi, ikakhulukazi, ama-stouts afaka ibhodlela le-nitrogen, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ungathola izinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu zamabhodlela e-nitrogen, isibonelo, i-lager.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ngokwemvelo kukhona ukuqagela ngalokhu - manje ngikhuluma ngazo zonke izinhlobo ze "Nitro IPA": Guinness Nitro IPA, Vermont Nitro IPA nabanye. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-IPA (India Pale Ale) isitayela sikabhiya lapho indima eyinhloko idlalwa ingxenye ye-hop. I-ales yesitayela se-IPA akufanele ibe muncu kakhulu (le threndi isivele idlulile), kodwa kufanele kube khona ukubaba okuqondile kwe-hop kubhiya onjalo. Kungenxa yokugxuma okuqinile ukuthi abathandi bakabhiya bayazisa i-IPA nezinhlobo zayo.
Ama-capsules kumakani e-Nitro IPA aqukethe i-nitrogen (noma kunalokho, ingxube ye-nitrogen ne-carbon dioxide). I-nitrogen inikeza ubhiya izici ezithile: ikhanda legwebu eliminyene, elinokhilimu, ukuthungwa okumnandi nokuphuzwayo. Ubhiya we-nitrogen muhle kakhulu ukuwuphuza, ubonakala ulula futhi ucacile.
Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-nitrogen inesinye isici, esikhohlisayo: ifihla ngemuva kwayo amanye ama-flavour nuances kabhiya. Ikakhulukazi, ifihla intukuthelo. Futhi uma i-nitrogen isiza kuphela i-Guinness stout yakudala ezacile noma i-Kilkenny ale elula neqondakalayo ukuthi ibe ngcono, khona-ke kubhiya we-hoppy uba yisitha esikhulu. I-nitrogen isusa ku-IPA lokho okuncane ekudingayo ukuze igqame kwabanye.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, noma iyiphi i- "IPA" ene-nitrogen ngeke inikeze into esemqoka okufanele inikeze - ukufutheka okumnandi, okomile kwe-hop. Noma kunalokho, uzozama, kodwa uzovinjelwa igesi ephuma ku-capsule: izokwenza ubhiya ukhanye, ujabulise futhi uphuze, futhi uzokhombisa amabhamuza amahle ehla ezindongeni zengilazi, kodwa azokuphuca. lokho lezo zinhlamvu ezintathu ezazibalulekile zazifakwa ethini .
Ngamafuphi, "i-Nitro Ips" iwumkhiqizo wesifiso sabadayisi sokuwela i-bulldog nobhejane ngomphumela ohambisanayo.
Ngendlela, njengoba sithinte isihloko se-foam, ngizofaka kancane kancane. Igwebu linomthelela omkhulu ekuboneni ukunambitheka nephunga likabhiya. Ngokuthintana nama-taste buds, yilokhu okusinika umuzwa wokuthambile kwesiphuzo, nokungabikho kwaso noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ngokweqile kungashintsha kakhulu izinzwa zokunambitheka. Thela ukolweni waseJalimane engilazini, vumela igwebu lihlale (kuzodingeka ulinde) bese uzama. Manje thela ingxenye entsha kwenye ingilazi ukuze ikhanda elinegwebu lakhe, bese uphuza: ngikholelwe, uzowuzwa nakanjani umehluko.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngisho nokuma kwengilazi kuthinta inani le-foam. Ikakhulukazi, ukuncipha phansi kwengilazi yobhiya kakolweni yakudala kukhona ngokunembile ukuze kuthi ngokutsheka ngakunye kwengilazi igwebu elidingwa yilesi sitayela sikabhiya ngokwendinganiso liphinde lakhiwe. Izinga lokushisa liphinde libe nendima ebalulekile: isibonelo, uma ubhiya obusalungiswa bugcinwe ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu, buzokhipha igwebu kakhulu lapho buthelwa. Okufanayo kuvamile ngisho nakubhiya obusebhodleleni obufudumele noma obusemathinini: Ngicabanga ukuthi akekho umthandi wobhiya ongazange akhihlize amagwebu okungenani kanye lapho evula ibhodlela ngosuku olushisayo.
Ngendlela, uma udla ubhiya ngokudla okunamafutha, kuzoba ne-foam encane ngokuphawulekayo: ngokuthintana ngakunye, amafutha asele ezindebeni avimbela amaprotheni ukuba enze i-foam futhi ayibhubhise.
Ngakho-ke ngokuzayo, uzama ukuthulula ubhiya wakho ngobuncane be-foam, khumbula: cishe, okwamanje uzincisha ngokuzithandela injabulo engadingekile esiphuzweni.
Ngendlela, ukuhlonipha i-foam kuyinkomba enhle yezinga lolwazi lwe-bartender namakhono. Ibha kabhiya efanele ayisoze yathela ubhiya ngaphandle kwekhanda legwebu, uma kufanele kube khona. Futhi kufanele kube khona ezimweni eziningi, ngaphandle kokungavamile: lapho ubhiya ungagwebuki kahle ngemvelo yawo (isibonelo, okuthiwa ama-casque ales noma ama-lagers aseMelika).
Ngakho-ke ungajahi ukusola umthengisi ngokuzama ukukukhohlisa ngokuletha ingilazi enekhanda elinegwebu - cishe uyazikhohlisa.
Hhayi-ke, lokho kwanele namuhla, futhi engxenyeni elandelayo sizokhuluma ngesithako sokugcina sikabhiya - izithasiselo ezihlukahlukene, sizobona ukuthi azikho yini ngempela, lokho amaJalimane namaBelgium acabanga ngakho, futhi i-GOST. 31711-2012, GOST 55292-2012 kanye nohulumeni waseRussia ngokujwayelekile - futhi ake sithole ukuthi ubani oyidingayo. Kuzoba nolwazi oluningi, futhi okuningi kusele ngaphandle kubakaki, ngakho-ke cishe lokhu ngeke kube yingxenye yokugcina.
Umthombo: www.habr.com