tl; dr:
- Ukufunda ngomshini kubheka amaphethini kudatha. Kodwa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa “bungachemile”—okungukuthi, thola amaphethini angalungile. Isibonelo, isistimu yokuhlonza umdlavuza wesikhumba esekwe esithombeni ingase inake ngokukhethekile izithombe ezithathwe ehhovisi likadokotela. Ukufunda ngomshini akukwazi ukuqonda: ama-algorithms ayo ahlonza kuphela amaphethini ezinombolweni, futhi uma idatha ingameli, kanjalo nomphumela wokucutshungulwa kwayo uzoba njalo. Futhi ukubamba izimbungulu ezinjalo kungaba nzima ngenxa yemishini yokufunda yomshini.
- Indawo yenkinga esobala kakhulu futhi esabekayo ukuhlukahluka kwabantu. Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani idatha emayelana nabantu ingase ilahlekelwe umbono ngisho nasesiteji sokuqoqwa. Kodwa ungacabangi ukuthi le nkinga ithinta abantu kuphela: ubunzima obufanayo buvela lapho uzama ukuthola isikhukhula endaweni yokugcina impahla noma i-turbine yegesi ehlulekile. Amanye amasistimu angase acheme nombala wesikhumba, amanye achema nezinzwa ze-Siemens.
- Izinkinga ezinjalo azizintsha ekufundeni ngomshini, futhi azifani neze nazo. Ukuqagela okungalungile kwenziwa kunoma yisiphi isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukuqonda ukuthi kungani isinqumo esithile senziwe ngaso sonke isikhathi kunzima. Kudingeka silwe nalokhu ngendlela ebanzi: dala amathuluzi nezinqubo zokuqinisekisa - futhi sifundise abasebenzisi ukuze bangazilandeli ngokungaboni izincomo ze-AI. Ukufunda ngomshini kwenza ezinye izinto kangcono kakhulu kunalokho esingakwenza - kodwa izinja, ngokwesibonelo, zisebenza kahle kakhulu kunabantu ekutholeni izidakamizwa, okungesona isizathu sokuzisebenzisa njengofakazi nokwenza izahlulelo ezisekelwe ebufakazini bazo. Futhi izinja, ngendlela, zihlakaniphe kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi isistimu yokufunda yomshini.
Ukufunda ngomshini kungenye yezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezibaluleke kakhulu namuhla. Lena enye yezindlela ezinkulu ubuchwepheshe obuzoshintsha ngayo umhlaba osizungezile eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo. Ezinye izici zalezi zinguquko ziyimbangela yokukhathazeka. Isibonelo, umthelela ongaba khona wokufunda komshini emakethe yezabasebenzi, noma ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngezinjongo eziphambene nezimiso zokuziphatha (isibonelo, imibuso enegunya). Kukhona enye inkinga lokhu okuthunyelwe okubhekana nayo: ukuchema kobuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Lena akuyona indaba elula.
I-AI ye-Google ingathola amakati. Lezi zindaba zango-2012 zaziyinto ekhethekile ngaleso sikhathi.
Kuyini "i-AI Bias"?
"Idatha eluhlaza" kokubili i-oxymoron nombono omubi; idatha kufanele ilungiswe kahle futhi ngokucophelela. - UGeoffrey Bocker
Endaweni ethile ngaphambi kuka-2013, ukuze wenze uhlelo, okuthi, olubona amakati ezithombeni, kufanele uchaze izinyathelo ezinengqondo. Ungawathola kanjani amakhona esithombeni, qaphela amehlo, uhlaziye ukwakheka koboya, ubale izidladla, njalonjalo. Bese uhlanganisa zonke izingxenye bese uthola ukuthi ayisebenzi ngempela. Kufana nehhashi eliwumshini - ngokwethiyori lingenziwa, kodwa ekusebenzeni liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuthi lingachazwa. Umphumela uba amakhulu (noma izinkulungwane) zemithetho ebhalwe ngesandla. Futhi hhayi imodeli eyodwa yokusebenza.
Ngokufika kokufunda komshini, siyekile ukusebenzisa imithetho “yemanuwali” yokubona into ethile. Esikhundleni salokho, sithatha amasampula ayinkulungwane "lokhu", X, amasampuli ayinkulungwane "okunye", Y, futhi senze ikhompuyutha yakhe imodeli ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyeni kwabo kwezibalo. Sibe sesinikeza le modeli idatha yesampula futhi inquma ngokunemba okuthile ukuthi ilingana neyodwa yamasethi. Ukufunda ngomshini kukhiqiza imodeli kusuka kudatha kunokuba kubhalwe ngumuntu. Imiphumela iyamangalisa, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wokuqashelwa kwesithombe nephethini, futhi yingakho yonke imboni yezobuchwepheshe manje isithuthela ekufundeni komshini (ML).
Kodwa akulula kangako. Emhlabeni wangempela, izinkulungwane zakho zezibonelo zika-X noma u-Y nazo ziqukethe u-A, B, J, L, O, R, kanye no-L. Lezi zingase zingasatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, futhi ezinye zingenzeka kaningi kangangokuthi isistimu izokhokha kakhulu. ukunaka kuzo kunezinto ozithandayo.
Kusho ukuthini lokhu ngokwenza? Isibonelo sami engisithandayo yilapho izinhlelo zokuqaphela izithombe . Kuyacaca ukuthi kungani: iningi lezibonelo zezithombe "zezimvu" zithathwa ezimfundeni lapho zihlala khona, futhi kulezi zithombe utshani buthatha indawo enkulu kakhulu kunama-fluffs amancane amhlophe, futhi utshani uhlelo olubheka njengokubaluleke kakhulu. .
Kunezibonelo ezingathi sína. Eyodwa yakamuva ukuthola umdlavuza wesikhumba ezithombeni. Kwavela ukuthi ama-dermatologists avame ukuthwebula umbusi kanye nokubonakaliswa komdlavuza wesikhumba ukurekhoda usayizi wokwakheka. Abekho ababusi ezithombeni zesibonelo zesikhumba esinempilo. Ngohlelo lwe-AI, ababusi abanjalo (ngokunembile, amaphikseli esiwachaza ngokuthi "umbusi") abe omunye umehluko phakathi kwamasethi ezibonelo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuqhuma okuncane esikhumbeni. Ngakho uhlelo oludalwe ukuhlonza umdlavuza wesikhumba ngezinye izikhathi lwaluqashelwa ababusi esikhundleni salokho.
Iphuzu elibalulekile lapha ukuthi uhlelo alunakho ukuqonda kwe-semantic yalokho olukubukayo. Sibheka iqoqo lamaphikseli futhi sibone kuwo imvu, isikhumba noma amarula, kodwa uhlelo luwumugqa wezinombolo kuphela. Akayiboni indawo enezinhlangothi ezintathu, akaziboni izinto, ukwakheka, noma izimvu. Uvele abone amaphethini kudatha.
Ubunzima bokuhlonza izinkinga ezinjalo ukuthi inethiwekhi ye-neural (imodeli ekhiqizwe uhlelo lwakho lokufunda ngomshini) iqukethe izinkulungwane zamakhulu ezinkulungwane zamanodi. Ayikho indlela elula yokubheka imodeli futhi ubone ukuthi yenza kanjani isinqumo. Ukuba nendlela enjalo kungasho ukuthi inqubo ilula ngokwanele ukuchaza yonke imithetho ngesandla, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umshini wokufunda. Abantu bakhathazeka ngokuthi ukufunda ngomshini sekuyinto yebhokisi elimnyama. (Ngizochaza kamuva ukuthi kungani lesi siqhathaniso sisesikhulu kakhulu.)
Lokhu, ngokujwayelekile, inkinga yokuchema kubuhlakani bokwenziwa noma ukufunda komshini: isistimu yokuthola amaphethini kudatha ingase ithole amaphethini angalungile, futhi ungase ungakuqapheli. Lesi isici esiyisisekelo sobuchwepheshe, futhi sisobala kuwo wonke umuntu osebenza nabo ezifundweni nasezinkampanini ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe. Kodwa imiphumela yako iyinkimbinkimbi, kanjalo nezixazululo zethu ezingase zibe khona kuleyo miphumela.
Ake sikhulume ngemiphumela kuqala.
I-AI ingakwazi, ngokusobala kithi, ukukhetha ivuna izigaba ezithile zabantu, ngokusekelwe enanini elikhulu lamasignali angabonakali.
I-AI Bias Scenarios
Okusobala kakhulu futhi okwesabisayo, le nkinga ingazibonakalisa uma kuziwa ezinhlobonhlobo zabantu. Muva nje ukuthi i-Amazon yazama ukwakha uhlelo lokufunda ngomshini ukuze kuhlolwe abantu abafuna umsebenzi. Njengoba kunamadoda amaningi phakathi kwezisebenzi zase-Amazon, izibonelo “zokuqasha ngempumelelo” nazo zivame ukuba ngamadoda, futhi bekunamadoda amaningi ekukhetheni ama-CV aphakanyiswe uhlelo. I-Amazon ikubonile lokhu futhi ayizange ikhulule uhlelo ekukhiqizeni.
Okubaluleke kakhulu kulesi sibonelo ukuthi uhlelo belunamahlebezi okuthi luvuna abafake izicelo besilisa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ubulili bebungacaciswanga ku-resume. Uhlelo lwabona amanye amaphethini ezibonelweni "zokuqashwa okuhle": isibonelo, abesifazane bangase basebenzise amagama akhethekile ukuchaza abakufezile, noma babe nezinto zokuzilibazisa ezikhethekile. Yiqiniso, uhlelo lwalungazi ukuthi "i-hockey" yayiyini, noma "abantu" bangobani, noma "impumelelo" yayiyini - imane yenze ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo zombhalo. Kodwa amaphethini awabonile cishe ayengeke abonwe abantu, futhi amanye awo (ngokwesibonelo, iqiniso lokuthi abantu bobulili obuhlukene bachaza impumelelo ngendlela ehlukile) cishe bekungaba nzima ngathi ukuwabona ngisho noma sibabheka.
Okuqhubekayo - kubi kakhulu. Isistimu yokufunda yomshini enhle kakhulu ekutholeni umdlavuza esikhumbeni esiphaphathekile ingase ingasebenzi kahle esikhumbeni esimnyama, noma ngokuphambene nalokho. Akunjalo ngenxa yokuchema, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi cishe udinga ukwakha imodeli ehlukile yombala wesikhumba ohlukile, ukhetha izici ezihlukene. Amasistimu okufunda ngomshini awashintsheki ngisho nasendaweni encane njengokubonwa kwesithombe. Udinga ukulungisa uhlelo, ngezinye izikhathi ngokuzama nangephutha, ukuze uthole isibambo esihle ezicini zedatha oyithandayo uze uzuze ukunemba okufunayo. Kodwa lokho ongase ungakuqapheli ukuthi uhlelo lunembile 98% yesikhathi neqembu elilodwa, futhi kuphela i-91% (ngisho enembe kakhulu kunokuhlaziya komuntu) nomunye.
Kuze kube manje ngisebenzise ikakhulukazi izibonelo eziphathelene nabantu nezici zabo. Ingxoxo emayelana nale nkinga igxile kakhulu kulesi sihloko. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuchema kwabantu kuyingxenye yenkinga. Sizosebenzisa ukufunda komshini ezintweni eziningi, futhi iphutha lamasampula lizohambisana nazo zonke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma usebenza nabantu, ukuchema kwedatha kungase kungahlobene nabo.
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake sibuyele esibonelweni somdlavuza wesikhumba futhi sicabangele amathuba amathathu okuqagela okwehluleka kwesistimu.
- Ukusatshalaliswa kwabantu okuhlukahlukene: inani elingalingani lezithombe zamathoni esikhumba ahlukene, okuholela kokuhle okungamanga noma okuphambene okungamanga ngenxa yokushintsha umbala.
- Idatha lapho isistimu iqeqeshwa khona iqukethe isici esenzeka kaningi nesisakazwa ngezindlela eziningi esingahlotshaniswa nabantu futhi esingenalo inani lokuxilonga: irula ezithombeni zomdlavuza wesikhumba noma utshani ezithombeni zezimvu. Kulesi simo, umphumela uzohluka uma uhlelo luthola amaphikseli emfanekisweni wento iso lomuntu elihlonza ngokuthi "umbusi".
- Idatha iqukethe isici esivela eceleni umuntu angakwazi ukusibona ngisho noma eyibheka.
Kusho ukuthini? Siyazi i-priori ukuthi idatha ingase imele amaqembu ahlukene abantu ngokuhlukile, futhi okungenani singahlela ukubheka okuhlukile okunjalo. Ngamanye amazwi, kunezizathu eziningi zomphakathi zokucabanga ukuthi idatha mayelana namaqembu abantu isivele iqukethe ukuchema okuthile. Uma sibheka isithombe nombusi, sizobona lo mbusi - sasimane singakunaki ngaphambili, sazi ukuthi akunandaba, futhi sikhohlwe ukuthi uhlelo alwazi lutho.
Kodwa kuthiwani uma zonke izithombe zakho zesikhumba esingenampilo zithathwe ehhovisi ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-incandescent, futhi isikhumba sakho esinempilo sithathwe ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-fluorescent? Kuthiwani uma, ngemva kokuqeda ukudubula isikhumba esinempilo, ngaphambi kokudubula isikhumba esingenampilo, ubuyekeze uhlelo lokusebenza efonini yakho, futhi i-Apple noma i-Google iguqule kancane i-algorithm yokunciphisa umsindo? Umuntu akakwazi ukukuqaphela lokhu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubheka kangakanani izici ezinjalo. Kodwa uhlelo lokusebenzisa umshini luzobona ngokushesha futhi lusebenzise lokhu. Akazi lutho.
Kuze kube manje sikhulume ngokuhlobana okungamanga, kodwa futhi kungenzeka ukuthi idatha inembile futhi imiphumela ilungile, kodwa awufuni ukuyisebenzisela izizathu zezimiso zokuziphatha, zomthetho, noma zokuphatha. Ezinye izindawo, isibonelo, azibavumeli abesifazane ukuthi bathole isaphulelo kumshwalense wabo, nakuba abesifazane bengase babe abashayeli abaphephile. Singacabanga kalula uhlelo okuthi, lapho sihlaziya idatha yomlando, lunikeze isici esinengozi ephansi emagameni abesifazane. Kulungile, masisuse amagama ekukhetheni. Kodwa khumbula isibonelo se-Amazon: uhlelo lunganquma ubulili ngokusekelwe kwezinye izici (nakuba lungazi ukuthi buyini ubulili, noma ukuthi imoto iyini), futhi ngeke ukuqaphele lokhu kuze kube yilapho umlawuli ehlaziya amanani entengo oyikhokhayo. umnikelo kanye nezindleko uzohlawuliswa.
Okokugcina, kuvame ukucatshangwa ukuthi sizosebenzisa izinhlelo ezinjalo kuphela kumaphrojekthi afaka abantu kanye nokusebenzisana komphakathi. Lokhu akulungile. Uma wenza izinjini zegesi, cishe uzofuna ukusebenzisa ukufunda komshini ku-telemetry esakazwa amashumi noma amakhulu ezinzwa kumkhiqizo wakho (umsindo, ividiyo, izinga lokushisa, nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinzwa zikhiqiza idatha engashintshwa kalula ukuze udale umshini. imodeli yokufunda). Ngokuqagela, ungathi, “Nayi idatha evela kumaturbine ayinkulungwane ahlulekile ngaphambi kokuthi ahluleke, futhi nansi idatha evela kumaturbine ayinkulungwane angazange ahluleke. Yakha imodeli ezosho ukuthi uyini umehluko phakathi kwabo. " Manje, cabanga ukuthi izinzwa ze-Siemens zifakwe ku-75% wama-turbines amabi, futhi amaphesenti angu-12 kuphela amahle (akukho uxhumano nokwehluleka). Uhlelo luzokwakha imodeli yokuthola ama-turbine anezinzwa ze-Siemens. Eshu!
Isithombe - Moritz Hardt, UC Berkeley
Ukuphatha i-AI Bias
Yini esingayenza ngakho? Ungabhekana nodaba ngama-engeli amathathu:
- Ukuqina kwendlela yokuqoqa nokuphatha idatha yokuqeqesha uhlelo.
- Amathuluzi obuchwepheshe okuhlaziya nokuxilonga imodeli yokuziphatha.
- Qeqesha, fundisa, futhi uqaphele lapho usebenzisa ukufunda ngomshini emikhiqizweni.
Kukhona ihlaya encwadini kaMolière ethi "The Bourgeois in the Nobility": indoda eyodwa yatshelwa ukuthi izincwadi zihlukaniswe nge-prose nezinkondlo, futhi wajabula ukuthola ukuthi ubekhuluma nge-prose impilo yakhe yonke, engazi. Cishe lena yindlela izazi zezibalo ezizizwa ngayo namuhla: ngaphandle kokuqaphela, banikele imisebenzi yabo kubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nephutha lamasampula. Ukufuna iphutha lesampula nokukhathazeka ngalo akuyona inkinga entsha, sidinga nje ukusondela ngesisombululo salo. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kwezinye izimo empeleni kulula ukwenza lokhu ngokutadisha izinkinga ezihlobene nedatha yabantu. Thina a priori sicabanga ukuthi singase sibe nokucwasa mayelana namaqembu ahlukene abantu, kodwa kunzima ngathi ngisho ukucabanga ubandlululo mayelana Siemens izinzwa.
Okusha ngakho konke lokhu, vele, ukuthi abantu abasakwenzi ukuhlaziya izibalo ngqo. Yenziwa yimishini eyenza amamodeli amakhulu, ayinkimbinkimbi okunzima ukuwaqonda. Udaba lokungafihli lutho ngenye yezinto ezisemqoka enkingeni yokuchema. Sesaba ukuthi uhlelo alugcini nje ngokuchema, kodwa ayikho indlela yokubona ukuchema kwalo, nokuthi ukufunda komshini kuhlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zokuzenzakalela, okufanele zibe nezinyathelo ezinengqondo ezicacile ezingahlolwa.
Kunezinkinga ezimbili lapha. Sisengakwazi ukwenza uhlobo oluthile lokuhlola amasistimu okufunda omshini. Futhi ukuhlola noma iyiphi enye isistimu empeleni akulula.
Okokuqala, enye yezikhombisi-ndlela zocwaningo lwesimanje emkhakheni wokufunda komshini ukusesha izindlela zokukhomba ukusebenza okubalulekile kwezinhlelo zokufunda zomshini. Sesikushilo lokho, ukufunda ngomshini (esimeni sakho samanje) kuwumkhakha omusha ngokuphelele wesayensi oshintsha ngokushesha, ngakho ungacabangi ukuthi izinto ezingenakwenzeka namuhla ngeke zibe ngokoqobo ngempela. Iphrojekthi - isibonelo esithakazelisayo salokhu.
Okwesibili, umqondo wokuthi ungahlola futhi uqonde inqubo yokuthatha izinqumo yezinhlelo ezikhona noma izinhlangano muhle ngokwethiyori, kodwa-ke ngokusebenza. Ukuqonda ukuthi izinqumo zenziwa kanjani enhlanganweni enkulu akulula. Noma ngabe kunenqubo esemthethweni yokuthatha izinqumo, ayikhombisi ukuthi abantu baxhumana kanjani ngempela, futhi bona ngokwabo ngokuvamile abanayo indlela enengqondo, ehlelekile yokwenza izinqumo zabo. Njengoba eshilo uzakwethu , abantu nabo bangamabhokisi amnyama.
Thatha abantu abayinkulungwane ezinkampanini nasezikhungweni ezigqagqene, futhi inkinga iba nzima nakakhulu. Siyazi ngemuva kweqiniso lokuthi i-Space Shuttle yayihloselwe ukuhlukana lapho ibuya, futhi abantu ngaphakathi kwe-NASA babenolwazi olwabanika isizathu sokucabanga ukuthi kukhona okubi okungenzeka, kodwa uhlelo. bebonke Bengingakwazi lokhu. I-NASA isanda kwenza ucwaningo olufanayo ngemuva kokulahlekelwa i-shuttle yayo yangaphambilini, nokho yalahlekelwa enye ngesizathu esifanayo. Kulula ukuphikisa ngokuthi izinhlangano nabantu balandela imithetho ecacile, enengqondo engahlolwa, iqondwe, futhi ishintshwe—kodwa okuhlangenwe nakho kufakazela okuphambene. Lokhu"".
Ngivame ukuqhathanisa ukufunda komshini nezinqolobane zolwazi, ikakhulukazi eziphathelene nobudlelwano - ubuchwepheshe obusha obuyisisekelo obushintshe amakhono esayensi yekhompiyutha kanye nomhlaba oyizungezile, osekuyingxenye yakho konke, esikusebenzisa njalo ngaphandle kokuqaphela. Imininingo egciniwe nayo inezinkinga, futhi inesimo esifanayo: isistimu ingase yakhelwe phezu kokucatshangelwa okubi noma idatha embi, kodwa kuyoba nzima ukuqaphela, futhi abantu abasebenzisa uhlelo bazokwenza lokho elibatshela khona ngaphandle kokubuza imibuzo. Maningi amahlaya amadala ngabantu bentela abake babhala igama lakho kabi, futhi ukubakholisa ukuthi balungise iphutha kunzima kakhulu kunokushintsha igama lakho. Kunezindlela eziningi zokucabanga ngalokhu, kodwa akucaci ukuthi yikuphi okungcono: njengenkinga yezobuchwepheshe ku-SQL, noma njengesiphazamisi ekukhululweni kwe-Oracle, noma njengokwehluleka kwezikhungo ze-bureaucratic? Kunzima kangakanani ukuthola isiphazamisi enqubweni eholele ekutheni isistimu ingabi naso isici sokulungisa iphutha lokuthayipha? Ngabe lokhu bekungatholakala ngaphambi kokuthi abantu baqale ukukhononda?
Le nkinga iboniswa ngisho nangokwengeziwe kalula yizindaba lapho abashayeli beshayela emifuleni ngenxa yedatha eyisidala ku-navigator. Kulungile, amamephu adinga ukubuyekezwa njalo. Kodwa iTomTom kufanele isolwe kangakanani ngokuphephuka kwemoto yakho olwandle?
Isizathu sokuthi ngisho lokhu ukuthi yebo, ukukhetha umshini wokufunda kuzodala izinkinga. Kodwa lezi zinkinga zizofana nalezo esike sabhekana nazo esikhathini esidlule, futhi zingaqashelwa futhi zixazululwe (noma zingaxazululeki) mayelana nendlela esasikwazi ngayo esikhathini esidlule. Ngakho-ke, isimo lapho ukuchema kwe-AI kubangela ukulimala cishe akunakwenzeka kubacwaningi abakhulu abasebenza enhlanganweni enkulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi, usonkontileka ongabalulekile wezobuchwepheshe noma umthengisi wesofthiwe uzobhala okuthile emadolweni, esebenzisa izingxenye zomthombo ovulekile, imitapo yolwazi namathuluzi abangawaqondi. Futhi iklayenti elineshwa lizothenga inkulumo ethi "ubuhlakani bokufakelwa" encazelweni yomkhiqizo futhi, ngaphandle kokubuza noma yimiphi imibuzo, yisabalalise kubasebenzi bayo abahola kancane, ibayala ukuthi benze lokho okushiwo yi-AI. Yilokhu okwenzekile ngezingosi zolwazi. Lena akuyona inkinga yobuhlakani bokwenziwa, noma inkinga yesoftware. Lesi yisici somuntu.
isiphetho
Ukufunda ngomshini kungenza noma yini ongayifundisa inja - kodwa awusoze waqiniseka ukuthi yini ngempela oyifundise inja.
Ngivame ukuzwa sengathi igama elithi "ubuhlakani bokwenziwa" lingena kuphela endleleni yezingxoxo ezinjengalezi. Leli gama linikeza umbono ongamanga wokuthi sidale ngempela - lobu buhlakani. Ukuthi sisendleleni eya ku-HAL9000 noma i-Skynet - into empeleni uyaqonda. Kodwa cha. Lena imishini nje, futhi kunembe kakhulu ukuyiqhathanisa, ake sithi, umshini wokuwasha. Uwasha kahle kakhulu kunomuntu, kodwa uma umfakela izitsha esikhundleni sokuwasha, uzo... uzowasha. Izitsha zizohlanzeka. Kodwa lokhu ngeke kube yilokho obukulindele, futhi lokhu ngeke kwenzeke ngoba uhlelo lunobandlululo mayelana nezitsha. Umshini wokuwasha awazi ukuthi ziyini izitsha noma yiziphi izingubo - uyisibonelo nje sokuzenzakalela, ngokomqondo awehlukile endleleni izinqubo ezazizenzakalela ngayo ngaphambili.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikhuluma ngezimoto, izindiza, noma isizindalwazi, lawa masistimu azoba namandla kakhulu futhi alinganiselwe kakhulu. Bazoncika ngokuphelele endleleni abantu abasebenzisa ngayo lezi zinhlelo, ukuthi izinhloso zabo zinhle noma zimbi, nokuthi baqonda kangakanani ukuthi basebenza kanjani.
Ngakho-ke, ukusho ukuthi “ubuhlakani bokwenziwa yizibalo, ngakho abunakuchema” kungamanga ngokuphelele. Kodwa kungamanga ngokufanayo ukusho ukuthi ukufunda ngomshini “kungaphansi kwemvelo.” Ukufunda ngomshini kuthola amaphethini kudatha, futhi imaphi amaphethini ewatholayo ancike kudatha, futhi idatha incike kithi. Njengoba nje senza ngabo. Ukufunda ngomshini kwenza ezinye izinto kangcono kakhulu kunalokho esingakwenza - kodwa izinja, ngokwesibonelo, zisebenza kahle kakhulu kunabantu ekutholeni izidakamizwa, okungesona isizathu sokuzisebenzisa njengofakazi nokwenza izahlulelo ezisekelwe ebufakazini bazo. Futhi izinja, ngendlela, zihlakaniphe kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi isistimu yokufunda yomshini.
Ukuhumusha: .
Ukuhlela: .
Umphakathi: .
Source: www.habr.com