Ukubona ubuthakathaka nokuhlola ukumelana nokuhlaselwa kwabaduni bamakhadi ahlakaniphile nama-crypto processors anokuvikela okwakhelwe ngaphakathi

Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ngaphezu kwezindlela zokukhipha izimfihlo noma ukwenza ezinye izenzo ezingagunyaziwe, abahlaseli baqale ukusebenzisa ukuvuza kwedatha okungahlosiwe kanye nokukhohlisa ukwenziwa kohlelo ngokusebenzisa iziteshi eziseceleni.

Izindlela zokuhlasela zendabuko zingabiza ngokolwazi, isikhathi namandla okucubungula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlasela kwesiteshi esiseceleni kungenziwa kalula futhi kungabhubhisi njengoba kuveza noma ukushintsha izinto ezibonakalayo ezifinyeleleka kalula phakathi nokusebenza okuvamile.

Ngokusebenzisa izindlela zezibalo ukucubungula izilinganiso zeshaneli eseceleni noma ngokwethula amaphutha eziteshini eziyimfihlo ze-chip, umhlaseli angakwazi ukufinyelela izimfihlo zayo emahoreni ambalwa.

Ngamakhadi ahlakaniphile angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-5,000 akhishwa unyaka ngamunye kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha obushumekiwe be-cryptographic abangena ezimakethe, kunesidingo esikhulayo sokuqinisekisa kokubili ukuphepha kwebhizinisi nobumfihlo.

E-Netherlands, i-Riscure idale i-Inspector, ehlinzeka ngamalebhu e-R&D kanye nabakhiqizi ngamakhono amasha, asebenza kahle kakhulu okuthola izinsongo zokuvikeleka.

Uhlelo lwe-Inspector Risk lusekela amasu ahlukene okuhlaziya iziteshi eziseceleni (SCA) njengokuhlaziywa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla (SPA/DPA), isikhathi, i-RF, kanye nokuhlaziywa kozibuthe kagesi (EMA) nokuhlasela kokuphazamiseka (FI) okufana nokushayisana kwamandla kagesi, ukushayisana kwewashi kanye laser manipulation. Umsebenzi owakhelwe ngaphakathi wesistimu usekela ama-algorithms amaningi e-cryptographic, izivumelwano zohlelo lokusebenza, izixhumanisi, kanye nezinsimbi.

Uhlelo lukuvumela ukuthi unwebe futhi usebenzise izindlela ezintsha nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokwezifiso zokuthola ubungozi.

Uhlelo oluseceleni lwe-Inspector SCA lokuhlaziya isiteshi luhlanganisa:

• I-Power Tracer;
• ukufakwa kwe-electromagnetic sounding EM Probe Station;
• I-icWaves ibangela ijeneretha;
• Isihlungi se-CleanWave;
• uphenyo lwamanje Uphenyo lwamanje.

Phakathi "kwezinto ezinhle" eziyinhloko singagqamisa eziyinhloko:

• Kuyithuluzi elilodwa, elihlanganisiwe lokuhlaziya isiteshi esiseceleni kanye nokuhlolwa komjovo wamaphutha;
• Umhloli uhlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlola zesiteshi esiseceleni ze-EMVco kanye ne-CMVP Common;
• Kuyindawo evulekile ehlanganisa ikhodi yomthombo yamamojula, ngaleyo ndlela ivumele izindlela ezikhona ukuthi zilungiswe kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokuhlola ukuthi zifakwe ezingathuthukiswa umsebenzisi Womhloli;
• Isofthiwe ezinzile futhi edidiyelwe kanye nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zihlanganisa ukutholwa kwedatha ngesivinini esiphezulu kuwo wonke amamiliyoni wokulandelelwa;
• Umjikelezo wokukhishwa wezinyanga eziyisithupha wesofthiwe ugcina abasebenzisi benolwazi lwakamuva ngamasu akamuva okuhlola iziteshi eziseceleni emkhakheni.

Umhloli utholakala ngezinguqulo ezahlukene endaweni eyodwa:

• Umhloli we-SCA inikeza zonke izinketho ezidingekayo zokwenza ukuhlaziya kwesiteshi eseceleni kwe-DPA ne-EMA.
• Umhloli FI inikeza ukusebenza okugcwele komjovo wephutha (ukuhlasela okuphazamisayo) kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamaphutha okuhlukile (DFA).
• I-Inspector Core kanye ne-SP (Ukucutshungulwa Kwesiginali) kunikeza ukusebenza okubalulekile kwe-SCA okusetshenziswa kumamojula ahlukene ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngephakheji yesofthiwe efinyelelekayo yokutholwa kwedatha noma ukucutshungulwa kwangemuva.

Umhloli we-SCA

Uma imiphumela yokulinganisa isitholiwe, izinhlobonhlobo zamasu okucubungula isignali ayatholakala ukuze kukhiqizwe amathrekhi amaningi amasignali aphezulu, umsindo ophansi. Imisebenzi yokucubungula isignali iye yathuthukiswa ecabangela umehluko ocashile phakathi kwe-EM trace, ukulandelela amandla, nokucutshungulwa kwesiginali ye-RF. Iphrezentheshini yokulandelela yesithombe enamandla yomhloli ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlaziye isikhathi noma bahlole ukulandelelwa, ngokwesibonelo, ubungozi be-SPA.

Ukwenza i-DPA lapho kusetshenziswa i-ECC

Ekusetshenzisweni okuningi kokuvikeleka okubhekwa njengokumelana ne-SPA kulezi zinsuku, ukugxila kokuhlola kuvame ukusetshenziselwa izindlela zokuhlola ezihlukene (okungukuthi, i-DPA/CPA). Kuze kube manje, uMhloli unikeza anhlobonhlobo yezindlela ezilungisekayo ezihlanganisa uhla olubanzi lwama-cryptographic algorithms kanye nama-algorithms asetshenziswa kabanzi afana (3)DES, AES, RSA kanye ne-ECC.

Imisebe ye-EM ye-chip ukuthola indawo engcono kakhulu lapho kusetshenziswa i-DEMA

Izici Eziyinhloko

• Lesi sixazululo sihlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kwamandla (i-SPA/DPA/CPA), i-electromagnetic (SEMA/DEMA/EMA-RF), kanye nezindlela zokuhlola okungekona othintana naye (RFA).
• Isivinini sokutholwa kwedatha sithuthukiswa kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa okuqinile kwe-oscilloscope noMhloli.
• Izindlela zokulinganisa ezithuthukisiwe zisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela i-jitter yewashi kanye nokwenza okungahleliwe
• Umsebenzisi angamisa amamojula we-cryptanalysis asekela ukuhlaselwa okuyinhloko nokuhleleka okuphezulu kuwo wonke ama-algorithms amakhulu afana (3)DES, AES, RSA kanye ne-ECC.
• Ukwesekwa okunwetshiwe kwama-algorithms aqondene nesizinda kuyasetshenziswa, okuhlanganisa i-SEED, MISTY1, DSA, kuhlanganise ne-Camellia.

Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha

Ngokungeziwe endaweni yokusebenza ye-PC Inspector, i-SCA isebenzisa ihadiwe elungiselelwe idatha yesiteshi eseceleni nokutholwa kwesignali:

• I-Power Tracer ye-SPA/DPA/CPA kumakhadi ahlakaniphile
• Isiteshi se-EM Probe se-SEMA / DEMA / EMA RF
• I-Probe Yamanje ye-SPA/DPA/CPA kumadivayisi ashumekiwe
• Isihlungi se-CleanWave esine-Micropross MP300 TCL1/2 ye-RFA ne-RF EMA
• I-oscilloscope ehambisana ne-IVI

Izinto ezihlolwayo zivame ukudinga izilinganiso, ukushintsha, nokulawulwa kwehadiwe okudingekayo ukuze kwenziwe i-SCA. Umphathi wezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha eziguquguqukayo zomhloli, indawo yokuthuthukiswa evulekile, nezinketho ezibanzi zesixhumi esibonakalayo kunikeza isisekelo esiqinile sezilinganiso zekhwalithi ephezulu kusetshenziswa ihadiwe yangokwezifiso.

Umhloli we-SCA

Unjiniyela oholayo wezokuphepha wangaphakathi uJoh John Connor uthi ngalolu hlelo:
“Umhloli uguqule indlela esihlaziya ngayo ukwehluka kwemikhiqizo yethu. ukuhlaselwa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla I-DPA. Amandla ayo alele eqinisweni lokuthi ihlanganisa izinqubo zokuqoqa nokuhlaziya ezisivumela ukuba sihlole ngokushesha ukuphumelela kwemiklamo emisha ye-cryptographic hardware. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isixhumi esibonakalayo esisezingeni eliphezulu sivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi abone ngeso lengqondo amasiginesha wamandla asuka kudatha eqoqiwe ehlukahlukene ngayinye noma ngasikhathi sinye—iwusizo olukhulu lapho ulungiselela idatha ye-DPA ngesikhathi sokuhlasela—kuyilapho imitapo yolwazi yayo enamandla isekela ama-algorithms okubethela okuhweba asetshenziswa kakhulu. Izibuyekezo zesofthiwe nobuchwepheshe ezifika ngesikhathi ezisekelwa yi-Riscure zisisiza ukuthi sigcine ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yethu.”

Umhloli FI

I-Inspector FI - I-Fault Injection - inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezici zokwenza ukuhlolwa komjovo wephutha ku-smart card kanye nobuchwepheshe bedivayisi eshumekiwe. Izindlela zokuhlola ezisekelwayo zifaka phakathi amawashi, ama-voltage glitches, nokuhlasela kwe-optical laser. Ukuhlaselwa komjovo onephutha—okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ukuhlasela kokuphazanyiswa—kushintsha ukuziphatha kwe-chip, okubangele ukwehluleka okusebenzisekayo.

Nge-Inspector FI, abasebenzisi bangahlola ukuthi ukhiye ungakhishwa yini ngokubangela ukwehluleka ekusebenzeni kwe-cryptographic ye-chip, ukweqa isheke elifana nokuqinisekisa noma isimo somjikelezo wempilo, noma ukulungisa ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani ku-chip.

Izinketho eziningi ezilungisekayo

I-Inspector FI ihlanganisa inani elikhulu lamapharamitha alungisekayo ukuze alawule ngokuhlelekile ukushintsha nokuphazamiseka okufana nokushaya kobude besikhathi obuhlukahlukene, ukuphindaphinda kokushaya kwenhliziyo, nokushintsha kwezinga likagesi. Isofthiwe yethula imiphumela, ebonisa ukuziphatha okulindelekile, ukusetha kabusha ikhadi, nokuziphatha okungalindelekile, kanye nokuloga okunemininingwane. Amamojula okuhlasela e-DFA ayatholakala kuma-algorithms amakhulu wokubethela. Ngokusebenzisa "iwizadi", abasebenzisi bangaphinda benze uhlelo lokuphazamisa ngokwezifiso nge-API.

Izici Eziyinhloko

• Ukunemba okungahambelani futhi okungaphinda kukhiqizwe kalula kanye nesikhathi sayo yonke ihadiwe eshayisanayo.
• Izimo zokuklama zokuhlasela usebenzisa isistimu yomyalo enamandla kanye nomhloli we-IDE ohlanganisiwe.
• Izinketho ezibanzi zokucushwa komhloli zokuhlolwa komjovo wephutha okuzenzakalelayo.
• Imishini ye-laser yokucwebezela kaningi emaceleni angemuva nangaphambili ekhadi, enzelwe ukuhlolwa kusetshenziswa indlela yomjovo we-glitch.
• Amamojula e-DFA okusetshenziswa kwama-algorithms wokubethela adumile, afaka i-RSA, AES, ne-3DES
• Ukuthuthukela ku-laser enamaphuzu amaningi kunikeza ithuba lokuthonya i-microcircuit ezindaweni eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.
• Ukuvumelanisa okuncike ekusebenzeni kusetshenziswa i-icWaves trigger generator kungavimbela izinyathelo eziphikisanayo futhi kuvimbele ukulahleka kwesampula.

Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha

I-Inspector FI ingasetshenziswa nezingxenye zehadiwe ezilandelayo ukwenza ukuhlasela:

• I-VC Glitcher ene-glitch amplifier eyengeziwe
• Isiteshi se-laser ye-Diode esinokuthuthukiswa okungamaphoyinti amaningi
• I-PicoScope 5203 noma i-oscilloscope ehambisana ne-IVI

Umhloli we-FI one-VC Glitcher, i-icWaves Trigger Generator, i-Glitch Amplifier kanye ne-Laser Station

Ijeneretha ye-VC Glitcher yakha umnyombo wokwakhiwa komjovo we-Inspector glitch system. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-FPGA obushesha kakhulu, amaphutha amafushane njengama-nanosecond amabili angenziwa. Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zine-interface yokuhlela esebenziseka kalula. Uhlelo olunephutha oludalwe umsebenzisi lulayishwa ku-FPGA ngaphambi kokuqaliswa kokuhlolwa. I-VC Glitcher ihlanganisa isekethe edidiyelwe yokwethula ama-voltage glitches namawashi, kanye nokuphuma kwesiteshi sokulawula isiteshi se-laser.

Isiteshi se-Diode Laser siqukethe uchungechunge lwangokwezifiso lwama-laser e-diode anamandla amakhulu anezici zangokwezifiso ezilawulwa ngokushesha nangokuguquguquka yi-VC Glitcher. Izisetshenziswa zithatha ukuhlolwa kokubona zikuyise ezingeni elilandelayo ngokunikeza amaphutha amaningi asebenzayo, ukulawula amandla okunembe, kanye nempendulo esheshayo nengabikezelwa yokushintsha kokushaya kwenhliziyo.

Ngokuthuthukisa isiteshi se-laser ye-diode sibe inguqulo yamaphuzu amaningi, izindawo eziningi zingahlolwa ku-chip kusetshenziswa amapharamitha wesikhathi ahlukene kanye nama-voltage wokunikezela.

Ukucupha okusekelwe kusignali kusetshenziswa i-icWaves trigger generator

I-jitter yewashi, ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo okungahleliwe, nobude benqubo obuncike kudatha kudinga ukushintsha okunephutha okuguquguqukayo kanye nokuqoqwa kwedatha yesiteshi eseceleni. Ijeneretha ye-icWaves yohlelo lomhloli idala i-trigger pulse ekuphenduleni ekutholweni kwesikhathi sangempela komehluko kusuka kumodeli enikeziwe ekunikezeni amandla e-chip noma isignali ye-EM. Idivayisi ihlanganisa isihlungi senotshi esikhethekile sokuqinisekisa ukufana kwemodeli kutholwa ngisho nakumasiginali anomsindo.

Ukulandelela okuyisethenjwa okusetshenziselwa ukufanisa imodeli ngaphakathi kwedivayisi ye-FPGA kungashintshwa kusetshenziswa imisebenzi yokucubungula isignali Yomhloli. Ikhadi elihlakaniphile elithole umjovo wephutha lingaqalisa indlela yokuvikela ukuze lisuse idatha ebucayi noma livimbe ikhadi. Ingxenye ye-icWaves ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuqalisa ukuvala shaqa kwekhadi noma nini lapho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla noma iphrofayela ye-EM iphuma ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile.

I-Laser Station (LS) enenketho yokufinyelela yamaphoyinti amaningi,
nge-microscope kanye netafula lokuxhumanisa

I-Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Indawo yokuthuthukiswa komhloli yakhelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokuguquguquka okukhulu ukuze umsebenzisi asebenzise i-SCA ne-FI nganoma iyiphi injongo.

• Vula i-API: yenza kube lula ukusebenzisa amamojula amasha
• Ikhodi yomthombo: Imojula ngayinye iza nekhodi yayo yomthombo, ngakho-ke amamojula angashintshwa ngokuvumelana nezifiso zomsebenzisi noma asetshenziswe njengesisekelo sokudala amamojula amasha.

Umhloli FI

Umhloli uhlanganisa umjovo wephutha nezindlela zokuhlaziya isiteshi eseceleni kuphakheji eyodwa esebenza kahle kakhulu.

Isibonelo sokuhlaziywa kokuziphatha kokwehluleka:

Umkhakha wokuhlaselwa kwesiteshi esiseceleni uthuthuka ngokushesha, okutholwe ocwaningweni olusha kushicilelwa minyaka yonke, ukwaziwa esidlangalaleni, noma ukuqinisekiswa kwezinhlelo namazinga kube yisibopho. Umhloli uvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlale bazi ngentuthuko entsha nezibuyekezo ezijwayelekile zesoftware ezisebenzisa amasu amasha.

Source: www.habr.com