Inguqulo yakamuva ye-Android 9 ikhishwe ngo-Agasti 2018. Ngo-Okthoba, izinsuku ezingu-81 ngemva kokukhishwa kwayo, lapho i-Google ikhipha izibalo zayo zokugcina zomphakathi, le nguqulo ye-OS ayizange ifakwe naku-0,1% wamadivayisi. I-Oreo 8 yangaphambilini, ekhishwe ngo-Agasti 2017, ibisebenza ku-21,5% wamadivayisi ezinsukwini ezingama-431 ngemuva kokwethulwa. Izinsuku ezinde ezingama-795 ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-Nougat 7, iningi labasebenzisi be-Android (50,3%) lalisezinguqulo ezindala ze-OS.
Ngokuvamile, amadivayisi e-Android awabuyekezi (noma abuyekeze kancane kancane), ngakho abanikazi be-smartphone (kanye nabathuthukisi bohlelo lokusebenza) abakwazi ukusizakala ngezinzuzo zakamuva zenkundla. Futhi naphezu kwemizamo eminingi ye-Google yokwenza ngcono isimo, izinto ziye zaba zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Izilinganiso zokusabalalisa zezinguqulo zakamuva ze-OS yeselula ziya ziba zimbi minyaka yonke.
Okukhethekile kwe-Android ukuthi amadivayisi athola izibuyekezo kancane kangangokuthi uma inguqulo entsha ye-OS ikhishwa, eyedlule isalokhu iyidlanzana emakethe uma iqhathaniswa neyandala. Ukuze unqume ukuthi i-Google iyaphumelela yini ekuthuthukiseni izilinganiso zokubuyekeza zeqoqo layo elikhulu lamadivayisi e-Android, ungabheka ukuthi yimaphi amaphesenti amadivayisi asebenzayo ngonyaka ngemva kokwethulwa kwezibuyekezo ezintsha ze-OS. Izinombolo zibonisa inkambiso ecacile: Imizamo ye-Google ayikhiqizi imiphumela elindelekile. Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinguqulo ezintsha ze-Android kuqoqo elijwayelekile lamadivayisi kuthatha isikhathi esiningi.
Nanka amaphesenti amadivaysi abesebenzisa inguqulo ngayinye enkulu ye-Android izinyanga eziyi-12 ngemuva kokukhishwa, ngokusho kwezibalo ezisemthethweni ze-Google:
Futhi nazi izibalo ezifanayo ku-dynamics, ngendlela yegrafu:
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izibalo ezingenhla azibonisi kuphela ukukhishwa kwezibuyekezo ezintsha ngabakhiqizi. Ziphinde zibonise ukuthi ama-OS amasha eza ngokushesha kangakanani efakwe ngaphambili kuma-smartphones amasha nokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani abasebenzisi ukuthenga idivayisi entsha ukuze bathathele eyabo endala. Okusho ukuthi, zibonisa ukusatshalaliswa kwezinguqulo zakamuva ze-OS kuxhaxha elijwayelekile lamadivayisi e-Android phakathi nonyaka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadivayisi e-Android awahlanganisi ama-smartphone namathebulethi kuphela, kodwa nama-TV namasistimu emoto ane-Android Auto, abasebenzisi abangawamiseleli njalo. Kodwa-ke, uma ama-TV eqhubeka nokuthola izibuyekezo ngemva kweminyaka embalwa (okuyinto angayenzi), bebengeke balahle izibalo.
Ngakho kungani inguqulo ngayinye ye-OS isakazeka kancane kuneyangaphambili? Isizathu okungenzeka ukuthi siwukuthi ubunkimbinkimbi benkundla ye-Android ngokwayo bukhula njalo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, amagobolondo akhiwa umkhiqizi ngamunye omkhulu phezu kwe-OS yeselula ye-Google aya eba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukwakheka kwabahlanganyeli bemakethe nakho kushintsha ngokushesha. Isibonelo, ngenkathi i-Android Jelly Bean yayivutha bhe, i-HTC, LG, Sony ne-Motorola yahlala ingabadlali ababalulekile emakethe. Kusukela lapho, lezi zinkampani zilahlekelwe kakhulu ngokuthanda imikhiqizo yaseShayina efana neHuawei, Xiaomi kanye ne-OPPO. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Samsung ikhulise isabelo sayo semakethe, isusa abakhiqizi abaningi abancane abenze izinguquko ezimbalwa ku-OS ngakho-ke bangakhulula izibuyekezo ezintsha ngokushesha.
Ingabe ukhona omunye okhumbula i-Android? Update umfelandawonye? (kancane)
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Android kube yinkinga kubo bonke ubukhona be-OS yeselula—abantu bakhale ngokukhishwa kancane kwezibuyekezo isikhathi eside njengoba inkundla ikhona.
Ngo-2011, i-Google yethula i-Android Update Alliance ngethemba elikhulu. Bekumayelana nesivumelwano phakathi kwe-Google, abakhiqizi abaholayo nabaqhubi bamaselula ekukhishweni okufika ngesikhathi kwezibuyekezo ze-Android. Abasebenzisi be-Android nabezindaba bazijabulele lezi zindaba, kodwa lesi sinyathelo sashabalala, sahlala ephepheni.
Izinhlelo ze-Nexus kanye nePixel
Ngo-2011, i-Google iphinde yaqala ukuthengisa amafoni ngaphansi komkhiqizo wayo we-Nexus, othuthukiswe ngokubambisana nezinkampani ezihlukahlukene. Zazihloselwe ukukhombisa amakhono enkundla futhi zazihloselwe ukubonisa abakhiqizi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ireferensi kanye nemvelo ebuyekeziwe ngokushesha ye-Android. Amadivayisi e-Nexus ahlala ehlala eyi-niche futhi awasoze asondela ekudumeni kwe-Samsung.
Umoya wohlelo usaqhubeka nanamuhla kuma-smartphones e-Pixel, kodwa, njenge-Nexus, inani elincane kuphela labalandeli be-Google abakhetha le mishini. Abakhiqizi abambalwa kakhulu abakhiqiza ama-smartphones asekelwe endaweni yereferensi ye-Android, futhi zimbalwa kakhulu izixazululo ezinjalo ze-flagship. Isibonelo, umzamo we-Essential wokwenza okufanayo awuzange uphumelele emakethe.
Ngo-2016, i-Google yazama iqhinga elisha, isongela ukushicilela uhlu lwabakhiqizi ababi kakhulu abaphuza kakhulu ukubuyekeza amadivaysi abo njengaphikisana nokukhangisa. Ngenkathi uhlu olufanayo kubikwa ukuthi lusatshalaliswa phakathi kozakwethu be-Android ecosystem, umdondoshiya wokusesha uyeke umqondo wokugxeka izinkampani esidlangalaleni.
Project Hamba
Ngo-2017, i-Google yaqhamuka nenye indlela yokulwa nokuhlukana. Kwakungewona umfelandawonye noma uhlu, kodwa iphrojekthi ebizwa nge-Project Treble. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kuhloswe ukuhlukanisa i-kernel ye-Android ibe amamojula angabuyekezwa ngokuzimela, okuvumela abakhi bemishini ukuthi bakhe i-firmware yakamuva ngokushesha ngaphandle kokubhekana nezinguquko ezivela kubakhiqizi bama-chip nokwenza lula kakhulu yonke inqubo yokuvuselela.
I-Treble iyingxenye yanoma iyiphi idivayisi esebenzisa i-Oreo noma i-OS yakamuva, okuhlanganisa ne-Samsung Galaxy S9. Futhi i-smartphone ye-S9 ithole isibuyekezo sayo sokuqala esikhulu ngokushesha kakhulu kuneyandulelayo. Yiziphi izindaba ezimbi? Lokhu kusathatha izinsuku eziyi-178 (esimweni se-S8, inqubo yathatha izinsuku ezingama-210 ezingenangqondo).
Ungaphinda ukhumbule izinhlelo ze-Android One kanye ne-Android Go, eziphinde zakhelwe ukwenza izinguqulo zakamuva ze-OS yeselula ye-Google zande kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kumamodeli aphakathi nasezingeni lokungena. Mhlawumbe i-Project Treble izoholela ekuthuthukisweni okulinganiselwe ekukhishweni kwezibuyekezo ezintsha kumadivayisi we-flagship. Kodwa ukuthambekela kusobala: inkinga yokuhlukaniswa kwepulatifomu ngokukhululwa kwenguqulo entsha ngayinye ye-Android ikhula kuphela, futhi asikho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi konke kuzoshintsha maduzane.
Source: 3dnews.ru