sikhulume ngokuthi amabhasi namaphrothokholi asebenza kanjani ku-automation yezimboni. Kulokhu sizogxila ezixazululweni zokusebenza zesimanje: sizobheka ukuthi yiziphi izivumelwano ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni emhlabeni jikelele. Ake sicabangele ubuchwepheshe bezinkampani zaseJalimane i-Beckhoff ne-Siemens, i-Austrian B&R, i-American Rockwell Automation kanye ne-Russian Fastwel. Sizophinda sifunde izixazululo zomhlaba wonke ezingaboshelwe kumkhiqizi othile, njenge-EtherCAT ne-CAN.
Ekupheleni kwesihloko kuzoba nethebula lokuqhathanisa elinezici ze-EtherCAT, POWERLINK, PROFINET, EtherNet/IP kanye ne-ModbusTCP protocol.
Asizange sifake i-PRP, HSR, OPC UA nezinye izivumelwano ekubuyekezweni, ngoba Sezivele zikhona izindatshana ezinhle kakhulu ezikhuluma ngazo nge-Habré ngonjiniyela esikanye nabo abakha amasistimu ezishintshayo zezimboni. Ngokwesibonelo, и .
Okokuqala, ake sichaze amagama athi: I-Industrial Ethernet = inethiwekhi yezimboni, i-Fieldbus = ibhasi lensimu. Ku-automation yezimboni zaseRussia, kukhona ukudideka ngokwemibandela ehlobene nebhasi lensimu kanye nenethiwekhi yezimboni ezisezingeni eliphansi. Ngokuvamile la magama ahlanganiswa abe umqondo owodwa, ongacacile obizwa ngokuthi "izinga eliphansi", elibizwa ngokuthi kokubili ibhasi lebhasi kanye nebhasi elisezingeni eliphansi, nakuba lingase lingabi ibhasi nhlobo.
Kungani kunjaloLokhu kudideka kungenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi kubalawuli abaningi besimanje, ukuxhumana kwamamojula we-I/O kuvame ukusetshenziswa kusetshenziswa indiza engemuva noma ibhasi eliphathekayo. Okusho ukuthi, abathintwayo abathile bebhasi nezixhumi zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa amamojula amaningana abe yiyunithi eyodwa. Kodwa ama-node anjalo, nawo, angaxhunywa yinethiwekhi yezimboni kanye nebhasi lensimu. Emagama aseNtshonalanga kukhona ukuhlukaniswa okucacile: inethiwekhi iyinethiwekhi, ibhasi ibhasi. Eyokuqala iqokwe yi-Industrial Ethernet, eyesibili yi-Fieldbus. I-athikili iphakamisa ukusebenzisa igama elithi "inethiwekhi yezimboni" kanye negama elithi "ibhasi yasendle" kule mibono, ngokulandelanayo.
I-EtherCAT ejwayelekile yenethiwekhi yezimboni, eyakhiwe ngu-Beckhoff
I-protocol ye-EtherCAT kanye nenethiwekhi yezimboni mhlawumbe ingenye yezindlela ezisheshayo zokudlulisa idatha ezinhlelweni ezizenzakalelayo namuhla. Inethiwekhi ye-EtherCAT isetshenziswa ngempumelelo ezinhlelweni ezizenzakalelayo ezisatshalaliswa, lapho ama-node asebenzisanayo ehlukaniswa ngamabanga amade.
Iphrothokholi ye-EtherCAT isebenzisa amafreyimu e-Ethernet ajwayelekile ukuze idlulise amathelegramu ayo, ngakho-ke ihlala ihambisana nanoma iyiphi imishini ye-Ethernet ejwayelekile futhi, empeleni, ukwamukela idatha nokudluliswa kungahlelwa kunoma yisiphi isilawuli se-Ethernet, inqobo nje uma isofthiwe efanelekile itholakala.
Isilawuli se-Beckhoff esinesethi yamamojula e-I/O. Umthombo:
Ukucaciswa kwephrothokholi kuvuliwe futhi kuyatholakala, kodwa kuphela ngaphakathi kohlaka lwenhlangano yokuthuthukisa - i-EtherCAT Technology Group.
Nansi indlela i-EtherCAT esebenza ngayo (umbukwane uyamangaza, njengomdlalo i-Zuma Inca):
Isivinini sokushintshaniswa okuphezulu kule protocol - futhi singakhuluma ngamayunithi ama-microseconds - sibonakala ngenxa yokuthi abathuthukisi benqabile ukushintshanisa besebenzisa ama-telegrams athunyelwe ngqo kudivayisi ethile. Esikhundleni salokho, i-telegram eyodwa ithunyelwa kunethiwekhi ye-EtherCAT, eqondiswe kuwo wonke amadivayisi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngayinye yezindawo zesigqila zokuqoqa nokudlulisa ulwazi (futhi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-OSO - idivayisi yokuxhumana yento) ithatha kuyo "ngokundiza" idatha eyayihloselwe yona futhi ifaka kuthelegramu idatha alungele ukuyinikeza ukuze kushintshwe. I-telegram ibe isithunyelwa endaweni yesigqila elandelayo, lapho kwenzeka khona ukusebenza okufanayo. Ngemva kokudlula kuwo wonke amadivaysi okulawula, i-telegram ibuyiselwa kumlawuli oyinhloko, okuthi, ngokusekelwe kudatha etholwe kumishini yesigqila, isebenzise i-logic yokulawula, iphinde ixhumane nge-telegram nama-node yesigqila, ekhipha isignali yokulawula imishini.
Inethiwekhi ye-EtherCAT ingaba nanoma iyiphi i-topology, kodwa empeleni iyohlala iyindandatho - ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwemodi egcwele ye-duplex nezixhumi ezimbili ze-Ethernet. Ngale ndlela, ucingo luzohlala ludluliselwa ngokulandelana kudivayisi ngayinye ebhasini.
Ukumelwa okuhleliwe kwenethiwekhi ye-Ethercat enamanodi amaningi. Umthombo:
Ngendlela, ukucaciswa kwe-EtherCAT akuqukethe imingcele kungqimba olungokwenyama lwe-100Base-TX, ngakho-ke ukuqaliswa kwephrothokholi kungenzeka ngokusekelwe kumigqa ye-gigabit ne-optical.
Vula amanethiwekhi ezimboni kanye namazinga we-PROFIBUS/NET avela ku-Siemens
Ukukhathazeka kweJalimane i-Siemens sekuyisikhathi eside yaziwa ngezilawuli zayo ze-logicable logic (PLCs), ezisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke.
Ukushintshaniswa kwedatha phakathi kwamanodi esistimu ezenzakalelayo elawulwa imishini ye-Siemens kwenziwa kokubili ngebhasi lasendle elibizwa ngokuthi i-PROFIBUS kanye nenethiwekhi yezimboni ze-PROFINET.
Ibhasi le-PROFIBUS lisebenzisa ikhebula eliyisipesheli elinezixhumi ze-DB-9. I-Siemens inakho ngokunsomi, kodwa sibone abanye besebenza :). Ukuxhuma ama-node amaningi, isixhumi singaxhuma izintambo ezimbili. Iphinde ibe neswishi yesimelaphi setheminali. Itheminali yokumelana netheminali kufanele ivulwe ekugcineni kwenethiwekhi, ngaleyo ndlela ibonise ukuthi lena idivayisi yokuqala noma yokugcina, futhi ngemva kwayo akukho lutho, kuphela ubumnyama nokungabi nalutho (wonke ama-rs485 asebenza kanje). Uma uvula isixhasi kusixhumi esimaphakathi, isigaba esisilandelayo sizovalwa.
Ikhebula le-PROFIBUS elinezixhumi ezixhumayo. Umthombo:
Inethiwekhi ye-PROFINET isebenzisa ikhebula elisontekile le-analogue, ngokuvamile elinezixhumi ze-RJ-45, ikhebula linombala oluhlaza. Uma i-topology ye-PROFIBUS iyibhasi, khona-ke i-topology yenethiwekhi ye-PROFINET ingaba yinoma yini: indandatho, inkanyezi, isihlahla, noma yonke into ehlanganisiwe.
Isilawuli se-Siemens esinentambo ye-PROFINET exhunyiwe. Umthombo: w3.siemens.com
Kunezinqubo ezimbalwa zokuxhumana ebhasini le-PROFIBUS nakunethiwekhi ye-PROFINET.
Okwe-PROFIBUS:
- I-PROFIBUS DP - ukuqaliswa kwalesi simiso somthetho kuhilela ukuxhumana nemishini yesigqila ekude; esimweni se-PROFINET, le nqubo ihambisana nephrothokholi ye-PROFINET IO.
- I-PROFIBUS PA empeleni iyafana ne-PROFIBUS DP, isetshenziselwa kuphela izinguqulo ezingaqhumeki zokudluliswa kwedatha kanye nokuphakelwa kwamandla (okufana ne-PROFIBUS DP enezici ezibonakalayo ezahlukene). Ku-PROFINET, iphrothokholi yokuvikela ukuqhuma efana ne-PROFIBUS ayikabi khona.
- I-PROFIBUS FMS - yakhelwe ukushintshana kwedatha namasistimu avela kwabanye abakhiqizi abangakwazi ukusebenzisa i-PROFIBUS DP. I-analogue ye-PROFIBUS FMS kunethiwekhi ye-PROFINET iyiphrothokholi ye-PROFINET CBA.
Okwe-PROFINET:
- PROFINET IO;
- I-PROFINET CBA.
Iphrothokholi ye-PROFINET IO ihlukaniswe ngamakilasi amaningana:
- I-PROFINET NRT (isikhathi esingesona esangempela) - isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho imingcele yesikhathi ingabalulekile. Isebenzisa iphrothokholi yokudlulisa idatha ye-Ethernet TCP/IP kanye ne-UDP/IP.
- I-PROFINET RT (isikhathi sangempela) - lapha ukushintshaniswa kwedatha ye-I/O kusetshenziswa amafreyimu e-Ethernet, kodwa idatha yokuxilonga neyokuxhumana isadluliselwa nge-UDP/IP.
- I-PROFINET IRT (Isikhathi Sangempela Se-Isochronous) - Le phrothokholi yakhelwe ngokukhethekile izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulawula ukunyakaza futhi ihlanganisa isigaba sokudlulisa idatha ye-isochronous.
Ngokuqondene nokuqaliswa kwephrothokholi ye-PROFINET IRT eqinile yesikhathi sangempela, ekuxhumaneni namadivayisi akude ihlukanisa iziteshi ezimbili zokushintshana: i-isochronous ne-asynchronous. Ishaneli ye-isochronous enobude bomjikelezo wokushintshaniswa okungaguquki sisebenzisa ukuvumelanisa kwewashi futhi idlulisa idatha ebalulekile yesikhathi; amatelegramu ezinga lesibili asetshenziselwa ukudlulisela. Ubude besikhathi sokudlulisela kushaneli ye-isochronous abukho ngaphezu kwe-millisecond engu-1.
Isiteshi se-asynchronous sidlulisela lokho okubizwa ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela, nayo eqondiswa ngekheli le-MAC. Ukwengeza, imininingwane ehlukahlukene yokuxilonga kanye neyokusiza idluliselwa nge-TCP/IP. Ayikho idatha yesikhathi sangempela, incane kakhulu eminye imininingwane, engaphazamisa umjikelezo we-isochronous.
Isethi enwetshiwe yemisebenzi ye-PROFINET IO ayidingeki kulo lonke uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo lwezimboni, ngakho le phrothokholi ilinganiswa kuphrojekthi ethile, kucatshangelwa izigaba zokuthobelana noma izigaba zokuvumelana: CC-A, CC-B, CC-CC. Amakilasi okuthobela akuvumela ukuthi ukhethe izinsiza zasenkambu kanye nezingxenye zomgogodla ezinomsebenzi odingekayo omncane.
Source:
Iphrothokholi yesibili yokushintshisana kunethiwekhi ye-PROFINET - PROFINET CBA - isetshenziselwa ukuhlela ukuxhumana kwezimboni phakathi kwemishini evela kubakhiqizi abahlukene. Iyunithi yokukhiqiza eyinhloko ezinhlelweni ze-IAS yibhizinisi elithile elibizwa ngokuthi ingxenye. Le ngxenye ngokuvamile iqoqo lezingxenye zemishini, zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi zedivayisi noma ukufakwa, kanye nesofthiwe yohlelo lokusebenza ehlobene. Engxenyeni ngayinye, kukhethwa imojula yesofthiwe equkethe incazelo ephelele yesixhumi esibonakalayo sale ngxenye ngokuhambisana nezidingo zezinga le-PROFINET. Ngemva kwalokho la mamojula esofthiwe asetshenziselwa ukushintshanisa idatha namadivayisi.
Iphrothokholi ye-B&R Ethernet POWERLINK
Iphrothokholi ye-Powerlink yasungulwa yinkampani yase-Austrian B&R ekuqaleni kwawo-2000. Lokhu okunye ukuqaliswa kwephrothokholi yesikhathi sangempela ngaphezulu kwezinga le-Ethernet. Ukucaciswa kwephrothokholi kuyatholakala futhi kusakazwa ngokukhululeka.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Powerlink busebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi indlela yokuvota exubile, lapho konke ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamadivayisi kuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbalwa. Idatha ebucayi kakhulu idluliselwa kusigaba sokushintshana kwe-isochronous, lapho isikhathi sokuphendula esidingekayo silungiselelwa; idatha esele izodluliswa, noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka, esigabeni esivumelanayo.
Isilawuli se-B&R esinesethi yamamojula e-I/O. Umthombo: br-automation.com
Iphrothokholi ekuqaleni yasetshenziswa phezulu kwesendlalelo esibonakalayo se-100Base-TX, kodwa kamuva ukuqaliswa kwe-gigabit kwasungulwa.
Iphrothokholi ye-Powerlink isebenzisa indlela yokuhlela yokuxhumana. Umaka othile noma umlayezo wokulawula uthunyelwa kunethiwekhi, ngosizo lokutholwa ukuthi iyiphi idivayisi okwamanje enemvume yokushintshisana ngedatha. Idivayisi eyodwa kuphela engakwazi ukufinyelela ekushintshisaneni ngesikhathi.
Ukumelwa okuhleliwe kwenethiwekhi ye-Ethernet POWERLINK enamanodi amaningi.
Esigabeni se-isochronous, isilawuli sokuvota sithumela isicelo ngokulandelana endaweni lapho sidinga ukuthola khona idatha ebalulekile.
Isigaba se-isochronous senziwa, njengoba sekushiwo, ngesikhathi somjikelezo olungisekayo. Esigabeni se-asynchronous sokushintshana, kusetshenziswa isitaki sephrothokholi ye-IP, isilawuli sicela idatha engabalulekile kuwo wonke ama-node, athumela impendulo njengoba ethola ukufinyelela kokudlulisela kunethiwekhi. Isilinganiso sesikhathi phakathi kwezigaba ze-isochronous ne-asynchronous singalungiswa mathupha.
I-Rockwell Automation Ethernet/IP Protocol
I-protocol ye-EtherNet/IP yathuthukiswa ngokubamba iqhaza okusebenzayo kwenkampani yaseMelika i-Rockwell Automation ngo-2000. Isebenzisa isitaki se-TCP ne-UDP IP, futhi iyinwebe kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezishintshayo zezimboni. Ingxenye yesibili yegama, ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, ayisho i-Internet Protocol, kodwa i-Industrial Protocol. I-UDP IP isebenzisa isitaki sokuxhumana se-CIP (Common Interface Protocol), esiphinde sisetshenziswe kumanethiwekhi e-ControlNet/DeviceNet futhi sisetshenziswe phezu kwe-TCP/IP.
Ukucaciswa kwe-EtherNet/IP kutholakala esidlangalaleni futhi kutholakala mahhala. I-topology yenethiwekhi ye-Ethernet/IP ingaba semthethweni futhi ifake indandatho, inkanyezi, isihlahla noma ibhasi.
Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi ejwayelekile yezivumelwano ze-HTTP, FTP, SMTP, EtherNet/IP, isebenzisa ukudluliswa kwedatha ebalulekile yesikhathi phakathi kwesilawuli sokuvota kanye namadivayisi we-I/O. Ukudluliswa kwedatha engabalulekile yesikhathi kunikezwa amaphakethe e-TCP, futhi ukulethwa kwesikhathi esibucayi kwedatha yokulawula umjikelezo kwenziwa ngephrothokholi ye-UDP.
Ukuze uvumelanise isikhathi ezinhlelweni ezisabalalisiwe, i-EtherNet/IP isebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-CIPsync, okuyisandiso sephrothokholi yokuxhumana ye-CIP.
Ukumelwa okuhleliwe kwenethiwekhi ye-Ethernet/IP enama-node amaningana nokuxhumeka kwamadivayisi we-Modbus. Umthombo:
Ukuze wenze lula ukusethwa kwenethiwekhi ye-EtherNet/IP, iningi lamadivayisi ajwayelekile azenzakalelayo afika namafayela okumisa achazwe ngaphambilini.
Ukusetshenziswa kwephrothokholi ye-FBUS kwa-Faswel
Sekuyisikhathi eside sicabanga ukuthi singayifaka yini inkampani yaseRussia i-Fasswel kulolu hlu ngokusetshenziswa kwayo kwasekhaya kwephrothokholi yezimboni ye-FBUS, kodwa sabe sesinquma ukubhala izigaba ezimbalwa ukuze siqonde kangcono amaqiniso okushintshaniswa kokungenisa.
Kukhona ukusetshenziswa okubili ngokomzimba kwe-FBUS. Enye yazo ibhasi lapho iphrothokholi ye-FBUS igijima phezu kwezinga le-RS485. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukuqaliswa kwe-FBUS kunethiwekhi ye-Ethernet yezimboni.
I-FBUS cishe ayinakubizwa ngokuthi iphrothokholi enesivinini esikhulu; isikhathi sokuphendula sincike kakhulu enanini lamamojula e-I/O ebhasini nasezimisweni zokushintshana; ngokuvamile isukela ku-0,5 kuye ku-10 wamamillisecond. Inodi yesigqila eyodwa ye-FBUS ingaba namamojula angama-64 we-I/O kuphela. Ku-fieldbus, ubude bekhebula abukwazi ukudlula imitha engu-1, ngakho-ke asikhulumi ngamasistimu asabalalisiwe. Noma kunalokho, iyakwenza, kodwa kuphela uma usebenzisa inethiwekhi yezimboni ye-FBUS nge-TCP/IP, okusho ukwanda kwesikhathi sokuvota izikhathi ezimbalwa. Izintambo zokwandisa ibhasi zingasetshenziswa ukuxhuma amamojula, okuvumela ukubekwa okulula kwamamojula kukhabhinethi ye-automation.
Isilawuli se-Fastweel esinamamojula axhunyiwe e-I/O. Umthombo:
Ingqikithi: ukuthi konke lokhu kusetshenziswa kanjani ekusebenzeni ezinhlelweni zokulawula inqubo ezizenzakalelayo
Ngokwemvelo, izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zamaphrothokholi zokudlulisa idatha yezimboni zikhulu kakhulu kunalokho esikuchazile kulesi sihloko. Ezinye ziboshwe kumkhiqizi othize, ezinye, ngokuphambene nalokho, zizonke. Lapho ethuthukisa amasistimu okulawula inqubo okuzenzakalelayo (APCS), unjiniyela ukhetha izivumelwano ezifanele, ecabangela imisebenzi ethile kanye nemikhawulo (yobuchwepheshe kanye nesabelomali).
Uma sikhuluma ngokusabalala kwephrothokholi ethile yokushintshisana, singanikeza umdwebo wenkampani I-HMS Networks AB, okubonisa amasheya emakethe obuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokushintshana kumanethiwekhi ezimboni.
Source:
Njengoba kubonakala kumdwebo, i-PRONET kanye ne-PROFIBUS evela ku-Siemens ithatha izikhundla eziholayo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi eminyakeni engu-6 edlule .
Ithebula elingezansi liqukethe idatha efinyeziwe kumaphrothokholi okushintshana achaziwe. Amanye amapharamitha, isibonelo, ukusebenza, avezwa ngamagama angabonakali: aphezulu / aphansi. Okulingana nezinombolo kungatholakala kuma-athikili okuhlaziya ukusebenza.
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I-EtherCAT
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POWERLINK
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PROFINET
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I-EtherNet/IP
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I-ModbusTCP
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Isendlalelo esibonakalayo
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100/1000 BASE-TX
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100/1000 BASE-TX
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100/1000 BASE-TX
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100/1000 BASE-TX
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100/1000 BASE-TX
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Izinga ledatha
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Isiteshi (ozimele be-Ethernet)
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Isiteshi (ozimele be-Ethernet)
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Isiteshi (ozimele be-Ethernet), Inethiwekhi/ezokuthutha (TCP/IP)
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Inethiwekhi/Ezokuthutha(TCP/IP)
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Inethiwekhi/Ezokuthutha(TCP/IP)
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Ukwesekwa kwesikhathi sangempela
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Yebo
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Yebo
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Yebo
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Yebo
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No
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Ukukhiqiza
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Высокая
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Высокая
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I-IRT – ephezulu, i-RT – ephakathi
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Isilinganiso
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Okuphansi
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Ubude bekhebula phakathi kwamanodi
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I-100
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100m/2km
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I-100
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I-100
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I-100
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Izigaba zokudlulisa
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No
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I-Isochronous + asynchronous
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I-IRT – isochronous + asynchronous, RT – asynchronous
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No
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No
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Inombolo yama-node
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65535
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240
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I-TCP/IP Network Limitation
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I-TCP/IP Network Limitation
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I-TCP/IP Network Limitation
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Ukulungiswa kokushayisana
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I-topology yokukhala
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Ukuvumelanisa iwashi, izigaba zokudlulisela
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I-Ring topology, izigaba zokudlulisela
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Ukushintsha, i-star topology
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Ukushintsha, i-star topology
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Shintshanisa amasheya
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No
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Yebo
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Yebo
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Yebo
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Kuye ngokuqaliswa
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Izindleko zemishini
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Okuphansi
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Okuphansi
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Высокая
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Isilinganiso
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Okuphansi
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Izindawo zokusetshenziswa kwezivumelwano zokushintshana ezichaziwe, ama-fieldbuses namanethiwekhi ezimboni ahluke kakhulu. Kusukela ezimbonini zamakhemikhali nezezimoto kuya kubuchwepheshe be-aerospace kanye nokukhiqizwa kukagesi. Amaphrothokholi okushintshana ngesivinini esiphezulu ayadingeka ezinhlelweni zokubeka ngesikhathi sangempela zamadivayisi ahlukahlukene kanye namarobhothi.
Yiziphi izimiso osebenza ngazo futhi wazisebenzisa kuphi? Yabelana ngolwazi lwakho kumazwana. 🙂
Source: www.habr.com