Kwenye yezingxoxo ngibuzwe umbuzo:
- Ingabe kukhona engingakufunda mayelana nendlela yokupakisha amaseva ngendlela efanele kuma-racks?
Ngabona ukuthi angiwazi umbhalo onjalo, ngakho ngabhala owami.
Okokuqala, lo mbhalo umayelana namaseva aphathekayo ezikhungweni zedatha ebonakalayo (ama-DC). Okwesibili, sikholelwa ukuthi maningi kakhulu amaseva: amakhulu-izinkulungwane; ngenani elincane lo mbhalo awuwenzi umqondo. Okwesithathu, sicabanga ukuthi sinezingqinamba ezintathu: indawo ebonakalayo kuma-rack, ukunikezwa kwamandla kwi-rack ngayinye, futhi sivumele ama-racks ame emigqeni ukuze sikwazi ukusebenzisa inkinobho ye-ToR eyodwa ukuxhuma amaseva kuma-rack aseduze.
Impendulo yombuzo incike kakhulu ekutheni iyiphi ipharamitha esiyithuthukisayo nokuthi yini esingakushintsha ukuze sithole umphumela omuhle kakhulu. Isibonelo, sidinga nje ukuthatha indawo encane ukuze sishiye esinye ukuze sikhule. Noma mhlawumbe sinenkululeko ekukhetheni ukuphakama kwama-rack, amandla nge-rack ngayinye, amasokhethi ku-PDU, inani lama-racks eqenjini lokushintshwa (iswishi eyodwa ye-1, 2 noma 3 racks), ubude bezintambo kanye nomsebenzi wokudonsa ( lokhu kubalulekile ekugcineni kwemigqa: ngama-rack angu-10 emugqeni kanye nama-racks angu-3 ngeswishi ngayinye, kuzodingeka udonsele izintambo komunye umugqa noma usebenzise kancane izimbobo ekushintsheni), njll., njll. Izindaba ezihlukene: ukukhethwa kwamaseva nokukhethwa kwama-DC, sizocabanga ukuthi akhethiwe.
Kungaba kuhle ukuqonda amanye ama-nuances nemininingwane, ikakhulukazi, isilinganiso/ubuningi bokusetshenziswa kwamaseva, nokuthi ugesi uhlinzekwa kanjani kithi. Ngakho-ke, uma sinamandla aseRussia angu-230V kanye nesigaba esisodwa kwi-rack ngayinye, khona-ke umshini we-32A ungaphatha ~ 7kW. Ake sithi sikhokha u-6kW irekhi ngayinye. Uma umhlinzeki ekala ukusebenzisa kwethu kuphela umugqa wamarack ayi-10, hhayi irack ngayinye, futhi uma umshini usethelwe ekunqamukeni okunemibandela okungu-7 kW, ngokobuchwepheshe singasebenzisa u-6.9 kW endaweni eyodwa, 5.1 kW kwenye futhi konke kuzolunga - akunasijeziso.
Ngokuvamile inhloso yethu enkulu ukunciphisa izindleko. Umbandela ongcono kakhulu wokulinganisa ukwehliswa kwe-TCO (ingqikithi yezindleko zobunikazi). Iqukethe izingcezu ezilandelayo:
- I-CAPEX: ukuthengwa kwengqalasizinda ye-DC, amaseva, i-hardware yenethiwekhi kanye nekhebula
- I-OPEX: Ukuqashwa kwe-DC, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi, ukulungiswa. I-OPEX incike empilweni yesevisi. Kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi iminyaka emi-3.
Kuya ngokuthi zinkulu kangakanani izingcezu kuphayi uwonke, sidinga ukukhulisa abiza kakhulu, futhi sivumele ezinye zisebenzise zonke izinsiza ezisele ngendlela ephumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ake sithi sine-DC ekhona, kunobude be-rack obungamayunithi H (isibonelo, H=47), ugesi rack rack Prack (Prack=6kW), futhi sinqume ukusebenzisa h=2U amaseva amayunithi amabili. Sizokhipha amayunithi angu-2..4 endaweni yokubeka amaswishi, ama-patch panel kanye nabahleli. Labo. ngokomzimba, sinamaseva e-Sh=rounddown((H-2..4)/h) endaweni yethu yokubeka (okungukuthi. Masikhumbule lokhu Sh.
Esimeni esilula, wonke amaseva aku-rack ayafana. Sekukonke, uma sigcwalisa i-rack ngamaseva, khona-ke kuseva ngayinye singasebenzisa ngokwesilinganiso amandla Pserv=Prack/Sh (Pserv = 6000W/21 = 287W). Ukwenza kube lula, siziba ukusetshenziswa kwamaswishi lapha.
Ake sithathe isinyathelo eceleni futhi sinqume ukuthi i-Pmax isetshenziswa kangakanani iseva. Uma ilula kakhulu, ingasebenzi kakhulu futhi iphephile ngokuphelele, khona-ke sifunda lokho okubhalwe kumandla weseva - yilokhu.
Uma kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kusebenza kahle, khona-ke sithatha i-TDP (iphakheji yokuklama okushisayo) yazo zonke izingxenye futhi siyifingqe (lokhu akulona iqiniso kakhulu, kodwa kungenzeka).
Ngokuvamile asiyazi i-TDP yezingxenye (ngaphandle kwe-CPU), ngakho-ke sithatha okulungile kakhulu, kodwa futhi indlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu (sidinga ilabhorethri) - sithatha iseva yokuhlola yokucushwa okudingekayo futhi siyilayishe, isibonelo, nge-Linpack (CPU nenkumbulo) kanye ne-fio (amadiski) , sikala ukusetshenziswa. Uma sikuthatha ngokungathi sína, sidinga futhi ukudala indawo efudumele emhubheni obandayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ngoba lokhu kuzothinta kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwabalandeli nokusetshenziswa kwe-CPU. Sithola ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kweseva ethile ngokucushwa okuthile kulezi zimo ezithile ngaphansi kwalo mthwalo othize. Sisho nje ukuthi i-firmware yesistimu entsha, inguqulo yesofthiwe ehlukile, nezinye izimo zingathinta umphumela.
Ngakho-ke, buyela ku-Pserv nokuthi siyiqhathanisa kanjani ne-Pmax. Kuyindaba yokuqonda ukuthi izinsizakalo zisebenza kanjani nokuthi izinzwa zomqondisi wakho wezobuchwepheshe ziqine kangakanani.
Uma singathathi ubungozi nhlobo, sikholwa ukuthi wonke amaseva angakwazi ngesikhathi esisodwa ukusebenzisa ubukhulu bawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukufaka okukodwa ku-DC kungenzeka. Ngisho nangaphansi kwalezi zimo, i-infra kufanele inikeze isevisi, ngakho-ke i-Pserv ≡ Pmax. Lena indlela lapho ukwethembeka kubaluleke kakhulu.
Uma umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe engacabangi nje ngokuphepha okufanelekile, kodwa futhi ngemali yenkampani futhi enesibindi ngokwanele, unganquma ukuthi
- Sesiqala ukuphatha abathengisi bethu, ikakhulukazi, sivimbela ukugcinwa okuhleliwe ngezikhathi zomthwalo omkhulu ohleliwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukwehla kokokufaka okukodwa;
- kanye/noma izakhiwo zethu zikuvumela ukuthi ulahlekelwe i-rack/row/DC, kodwa izinsiza ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza;
- futhi/noma sisakaza umthwalo kahle uvundlile kuwo wonke ama-rack, ukuze amasevisi ethu angalokothi agxumele ekusetshenzisweni okuphezulu ku-rack eyodwa ehlangene.
Lapha kuwusizo kakhulu hhayi nje ukuqagela, kodwa ukuqapha ukusetshenziswa nokwazi ukuthi amaseva adla kanjani ugesi ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile neziphakeme. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuhlaziya okuthile, umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe ucindezela konke anakho futhi athi: “senza isinqumo esizibophezele ukuthi isilinganiso esiphezulu esingafinyeleleka sokusetshenziswa kweseva okuphezulu nge-rack ngayinye ** kakhulu** ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okuphezulu,” ngokwemibandela Pserv = 0.8* Pmax.
Bese i-rack engu-6kW ingasakwazi ukuthwala amaseva angu-16 nge-Pmax = 375W, kodwa amaseva angu-20 ane-Pserv = 375W * 0.8 = 300W. Labo. 25% amaseva ngaphezulu. Lokhu ukonga okukhulu kakhulu - phela, masinyane sidinga ama-rack angaphansi kwama-25% (futhi sizokonga kuma-PDU, amaswishi namakhebuli). Okubi kakhulu kwesixazululo esinjalo ukuthi kufanele sihlale siqapha ukuthi ukucabanga kwethu kusalungile. Ukuthi inguqulo entsha ye-firmware ayishintshi kakhulu ukusebenza kwabalandeli nokusetshenziswa, ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa ngokuzumayo ngokukhululwa okusha akuzange kuqale ukusebenzisa amaseva ngokuphumelelayo kakhulu (funda: bathole umthwalo omkhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa okukhulu kuseva). Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuqagela kwethu kokuqala kanye neziphetho kuvele kube okungalungile. Lena ingozi okufanele ithathwe ngokuzibophezela (noma igwenywe bese ukhokhela ama-racks angasetshenziswa ngokusobala).
Inothi elibalulekile - kufanele uzame ukusabalalisa amaseva avela kumasevisi ahlukene ngokuvundlile kuwo wonke ama-rack, uma kungenzeka. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze izimo zingenzeki lapho iqoqo elilodwa lamaseva lifika kusevisi eyodwa, ama-racks apakishwa ngokuqondile ukuze kwandiswe "ukuminyana" (ngoba kulula ngaleyo ndlela). Eqinisweni, kuvela ukuthi irack eyodwa igcwele amaseva afanayo anemithwalo ephansi yensizakalo efanayo, kanti enye igcwele amaseva anomthwalo ophezulu ngokulinganayo. Amathuba okuwa kwesibili aphezulu kakhulu, ngoba iphrofayili yomthwalo iyafana, futhi wonke amaseva ehlangene kule rakhi aqala ukusebenzisa inani elifanayo ngenxa yokwanda komthwalo.
Ake sibuyele ekusatshalalisweni kwamaseva kuma-racks. Sibheke indawo ye-rack ebonakalayo kanye nokulinganiselwa kwamandla, manje ake sibheke inethiwekhi. Ungasebenzisa amaswishi anezimbobo ezingu-24/32/48 N (isibonelo, sinamaswishi e-ToR angama-48). Ngenhlanhla, azikho izinketho eziningi uma ungacabangi ngezintambo ezinqamukayo. Sicabanga ngezimo lapho sineswishi eyodwa rack ngayinye, ukushintsha okukodwa kwamarack amabili noma amathathu eqenjini le-Rnet. Kubonakala kimi ukuthi ama-racks angaphezu kwamathathu eqenjini asevele eningi, ngoba ... inkinga yekhebula phakathi kwama-rack iba nkulu kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, esimweni ngasinye senethiwekhi (ama-rack angu-1, 2 noma ama-3 eqenjini), sisabalalisa amaseva phakathi kwama-rack:
Srack = min(Sh, rounddown(Prack/Pserv), rounddown(N/Rnet))
Ngakho-ke, ngenketho enama-rack ama-2 eqenjini:
Srack2 = min(21, rounddown(6000/300), rounddown(48/2)) = min(21, 20, 24) = 20 amaseva irekhi ngayinye.
Sibheka izinketho ezisele ngendlela efanayo:
Isiqephu 1 = 20
Isiqephu 3 = 16
Futhi cishe sesilapho. Sibala inani lama-rack ukuze sisabalalise wonke amaseva ethu S (makube ngu-1000):
R = i-roundup(S / (Srack * Rnet)) * Rnet
R1 = ukuqoqa (1000 / (20 * 1)) * 1 = 50 * 1 = 50 amarack
R2 = ukuqoqa (1000 / (20 * 2)) * 2 = 25 * 2 = 50 amarack
R3 = ukuqoqa (1000 / (16 * 3)) * 3 = 25 * 2 = 63 amarack
Okulandelayo, sibala i-TCO yenketho ngayinye ngokusekelwe kwinani lama-rack, inombolo edingekayo yokushintsha, i-cabling, njll. Sikhetha inketho lapho i-TCO iphansi. Inzuzo!
Qaphela ukuthi nakuba inombolo edingekayo yama-racks yezinketho 1 no-2 iyafana, intengo yabo izohluka, ngoba inani lokushintshwa kwenketho yesibili liyingxenye enkulu, futhi ubude bezintambo ezidingekayo bude.
I-PS Uma unethuba lokudlala ngamandla nge-rack ngayinye kanye nokuphakama kwe-rack, ukuhlukahluka kuyanda. Kodwa inqubo ingancishiswa ibe yilena echazwe ngenhla ngokumane udlule kukho. Yebo, kuzoba nezinhlanganisela eziningi, kodwa namanje inombolo elinganiselwe kakhulu - ukunikezwa kwamandla ku-rack ukuze kubalwe kungandiswa ngezinyathelo ze-1 kW, ama-racks ajwayelekile afika ngenani elilinganiselwe lamasayizi ajwayelekile: 42U, 45U, 47U, 48U. awu ,52u. Futhi lapha ukuhlaziya kwe-Excel's What-If kumodi yethebula ledatha kungasiza ekubaleni. Sibheka amapuleti atholiwe bese sikhetha ubuncane.
Source: www.habr.com