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Imephu yomgwaqo yokusebenza ye-Qt 6 ishicilelwe

U-Lars Knoll, umdali wenjini ye-KHTML, umphathi wephrojekthi we-Qt Project kanye nomqondisi wezobuchwepheshe we-Qt Company, utshelwe mayelana nezinhlelo zokudala igatsha elilandelayo elibalulekile lohlaka lwe-Qt. Uma ukusebenza kwegatsha le-Qt 5.14 sekuqediwe, ukuthuthukiswa kuzogxila ekulungiseleleni ukukhishwa kwe-Qt 6, okulindeleke ekupheleni kuka-2020.

I-Qt 6 izothuthukiswa ngeso lokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana ne-Qt 5, kodwa izinkinga zomuntu ngamunye zingase ziphakame, njengoba izinguquko ezihleliwe zezakhiwo nokuhlanza ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izinga elithile lokuhambisana. Ukuze kube lula uguquko, ezinye izici ze-Qt 6 zihlelelwe ukufakwa efomini elincishisiwe njengengxenye yokukhishwa kwe-Qt 5.14 kanye ne-Qt 5.15 LTS. Ikhithi yamathuluzi izophinde ilungiselelwe ukwenza lula ukuthuthela ku-Qt 6.

Phakathi kwezinjongo eziyinhloko zegatsha elilandelayo elibalulekile ukuletha ukusebenza ukuze kuhambisane nezidingo zango-2020, ukuhlanza isisekelo sekhodi nokwenza lula ukugcinwa kwephrojekthi. Izinguquko ezilindelwe:

  • Ukuthuthukiswa okubalulekile kwe-QML:
    • Usekelo lokuthayipha oluqinile.
    • Ikhono lokuhlanganisa i-QML ibe ukumelwa kwe-C++ kanye nekhodi yomshini.
    • Ukwenza usekelo olugcwele lwe-JavaScript lube yinketho (ukusebenzisa injini ye-JavaScript egcwele isici esigcwele kudinga izinsiza eziningi, ezivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwe-QML kumishini efana nezilawuli ezincane).
    • Ukwenqaba ukuguqulwa ku-QML.
    • Ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo zedatha eziphindwe kabili ku-QObject ne-QML (kuzonciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwememori futhi kusheshise ukuqalisa).
    • Ukusuka ekukhiqizeni kwesikhathi sokusebenza kwezakhiwo zedatha sivuna ukukhiqizwa kwesikhathi sokuhlanganisa.
    • Ukufihla izingxenye zangaphakathi ngokusebenzisa izindlela eziyimfihlo nezakhiwo.
    • Ukuhlanganiswa okuthuthukisiwe ngamathuluzi okuthuthukiswa okucubungula kabusha nokuhlanganisa ukuxilongwa kwephutha lesikhathi;
  • Yengeza ungqimba olusha olungabonakali, i-Rendering Hardware Interface (RHI), ukuze inikeze ukusetshenziswa okungenamthungo kwama-API ehluzo ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-OpenGL, i-Vulkan, i-Metal ne-Direct 3D (ngaphambilini i-Qt ibiyi-OpenGL-kuphela). Yonke ingqalasizinda ehlinzekayo ekhona izoguqulwa ukuze isebenzise i-RHI, okuhlanganisa i-QPainter, i-Qt Quick Scenegraph ne-Qt3D. Kuhlelelwe futhi ukwengeza imojula ye-Qt Shader Tools ukusekela izilimi ezahlukahlukene zokuthuthukiswa kwe-shader futhi inikeze ukuhlanganiswa okuhlangene kwama-shader kokubili esigabeni sokwakha nangesikhathi sokusebenza;
  • Ukulungiswa kwe-API ehlanganisiwe yokudala izixhumanisi zomsebenzisi ezihlanganisa izici zezithombe ze-2D ne-3D. I-API entsha izokuvumela ukuthi usebenzise i-QML ukuze uchaze izici zesixhumi esibonakalayo se-3D ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ifomethi ye-UIP. I-interface entsha yokuhlanganisa okuqukethwe kwe-3D ne-Qt Quick ihlela ukuxazulula izinkinga ezifana ne-overhead ephezulu yokuhlanganisa i-QML nokuqukethwe okuvela ku-Qt 3D noma i-3D Studio, kanye nokungakwazi ukuvumelanisa ukugqwayiza nokuguqulwa kwezinga lohlaka phakathi kwe-2D ne-3D. Ukunikezwa okuhlanganisiwe kwe-2D ne-3D okuhlanganisiwe kuzosetshenziswa kusetshenziswa injini entsha yokunikezela. Ukubuka kuqala kwe-Qt Quick entsha enokusekelwa kwe-3D kulindeleke ekukhishweni kwe-Qt 5.14;
  • Ukwengeza amathuluzi okucubungula amafa ahlobene nezithombe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa, njengokuguqula izithombe ze-PNG zibe imidwebo ecindezelwe noma ukuguqula imithunzi namameshi kube amafomethi kanambambili athuthukisiwe wehadiwe ethile;
  • Ukushumeka injini ehlanganisiwe yezindikimba nezitayela, okukuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele ukubukeka kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisuselwe ku-Qt Widgets kanye ne-Qt Quick, ezalelwa kumapulatifomu ahlukene eselula nedeskithophu;
  • Ukuhlanganiswa kwamathuluzi okudala isixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi. Ukuze ugweme ukuphindaphindeka kokusebenza kanye nokuyekiswa kokulethwa kwemikhiqizo emibili ehlukene, kulindeleke ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-Qt 3D Studio kuzohlanganiswa ne-Qt Design Studio, iningi lazo izinhlelo zazo ezingaphansi kanye nohlaka lokuxhuma ama-plugin okwakhelwe phezu kwesisekelo sekhodi efanayo ne Umdali we-Qt.
    I-Qt Design Studio iphinde ihlele ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlanganiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu namaphakheji okudala okuqukethwe njenge-Photoshop, Sketch, Illustrator, Maya kanye ne-3D Max. Izilimi eziyinhloko ezisekelwa kukhithi yamathuluzi yokuthuthukisa ehlanganisiwe yi-C++, i-QML ne-Python. Ukuhlanganiswa kuphinde kusho ikhono lokufinyelela kumathuluzi wokuklama isixhumi esibonakalayo esivela ku-Qt Creator, futhi kunikeze abaklami bokusetshenziswa kubonwa amakhono avela kumathuluzi onjiniyela, isibonelo, ukuhlanganisa iphrojekthi noma ukuhlola uhlelo lokusebenza kudivayisi;

  • Kunqunywe ukusebenzisa i-CMake esikhundleni se-QMake njengohlelo lokwakha. Ukusekelwa kwezinhlelo zokwakha kusetshenziswa i-QMake kuzohlala, kodwa i-Qt ngokwayo izokwakhiwa kusetshenziswa i-CMake. I-CMake ikhethwe ngoba le khithi yamathuluzi isetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi konjiniyela bephrojekthi ye-C++ futhi isekelwa ezindaweni eziningi zokuthuthukiswa ezididiyelwe. Ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokuhlanganisa lwe-Qbs, oluthi luthatha indawo ye-QMake, iyekisiwe;
  • Ukushintshela kuzinga le-C++17 ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa (ngaphambilini kwasetshenziswa i-C++98). I-Qt 6 ihlela ukusebenzisa ukusekelwa kwezici eziningi zesimanje ze-C++, kodwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuhambisana okusemuva nekhodi esekelwe kumazinga wefa.
  • Ikhono lokusebenzisa kusuka ku-C++ okunye kokusebenza okuhlinzekwa kwe-QML ne-Qt Quick. Ikakhulukazi, kuzokwethulwa uhlelo olusha lwezakhiwo ze-QObject namakilasi afanayo. Injini yokusebenza ngokubophezela izohlanganiswa isuka ku-QML iye kumongo we-Qt, okuzonciphisa ukuthwala nokusetshenziswa kwenkumbulo kokubopha futhi kuzenze zitholakale kuzo zonke izingxenye ze-Qt, futhi hhayi nje i-Qt Quick;
  • Umsebenzi oqhubekayo wokwandisa ukwesekwa kwezilimi ezengeziwe njengePython neWebAssembly;
  • Ukuhlela kabusha ngokuhlukanisa izingxenye ezincane kanye nokunciphisa usayizi womkhiqizo ongaphansi. Amathuluzi kanjiniyela kanye nezingxenye zangokwezifiso zizonikezwa njengezengezo ezisatshalaliswa ngesitolo sekhathalogi entsha. Ukwengezwa ku-Qt okuvela konjiniyela bezinkampani zangaphandle, kokubili kwamahhala nabakhokhelwayo, nakho kuzokwamukelwa ukuze kusatshalaliswe.

Source: opennet.ru

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