Uhlelo lwama-58 lwezinga lama-supercomputer asebenza kahle kakhulu lushicilelwe

Uhlelo lwama-58 lwezinga lamakhompyutha angama-500 asebenza kakhulu emhlabeni lushicilelwe. Ekukhululweni okusha, abayishumi abaphezulu abashintshile, kodwa amaqoqo amasha aseRussia angu-4 afakiwe esilinganisweni.

Izindawo ze-19, 36 kanye ne-40 kuzinga zithathwe amaqoqo aseRussia i-Chervonenkis, i-Galushkin ne-Lyapunov, eyakhiwe yi-Yandex ukuxazulula izinkinga zokufunda ngomshini nokuhlinzeka ngokusebenza kwe-petaflops engu-21.5, 16 kanye ne-12.8, ngokulandelana. Amaqoqo asebenzisa i-Ubuntu 16.04 futhi afakwe ama-AMD EPYC 7xxx processors kanye nama-NVIDIA A100 GPUs: iqoqo laseChervonenkis linamanodi angu-199 (193 izinkulungwane ze-AMD EPYC 7702 64C 2GH cores kanye ne-1592 NVIDIAG A100 80 EP136 yezinkulungwane ze-AMDG 134 EP7702 EP64 cores C 2 1088C 100GH kanye 80 GPU NVIDIA A137 130G), Lyapunov - 7662 nodes (64 ayizinkulungwane cores AMD EPYC 2 1096C 100GHz kanye 40 GPU NVIDIA AXNUMX XNUMXG).

Endaweni yama-43 bekukhona iqoqo elisha le-Sberbank, uChristofari Neo, esebenzisa i-NVIDIA DGX OS 5 (uhlelo lwe-Ubuntu) futhi ekhombisa ukusebenza kwama-petaflops angu-11.9. Iqoqo linamakhompiyutha angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-98 asekelwe ku-AMD EPYC 7742 64C 2.25GHz CPU futhi liza ne-NVIDIA A100 80GB GPU. Iqoqo le-Sberbank Christofari elasetshenziswa ngaphambilini lisuke endaweni yama-61 laya endaweni yama-72 ekulethweni ngesigamu sonyaka.

Amanye amaqoqo amabili afuywayo ahlala esilinganisweni: I-Lomonosov 2 - isuka ku-199 yaya endaweni engu-241 (ngo-2015, iqoqo le-Lomonosov 2 lathatha indawo engu-31, futhi eyandulela i-Lomonosov ngo-2011 - indawo engu-13) kanye ne-MTS GROM - isuka ku-240 yaya ku-294 indawo . Ngakho-ke, inani lamaqoqo asekhaya esilinganisweni lenyuka lisuka ku-3 laya ku-7 ezinyangeni eziyisithupha (uma kuqhathaniswa, ngo-2020 kwakukhona izinhlelo ezi-2 zasekhaya ezisezingeni, ngo-2017 - 5, nango-2012 - 12).

Ngokuqondene nesilinganiso sisonke, iqoqo leFugaku laseJapane, elakhiwe kusetshenziswa ama-ARM processors, lihlala lisendaweni yokuqala. Iqoqo le-Fugaku litholakala e-RIKEN Institute for Physical and Chemical Research futhi lihlinzeka ngokusebenza kwama-petaflops angu-442. Iqoqo lihlanganisa ama-node angu-158976 asekelwe ku-Fujitsu A64FX SoC, efakwe i-48-core Armv8.2-A SVE CPU (512 bit SIMD) nefrikhwensi yewashi engu-2.2GHz. Sekukonke, iqoqo linama-processor cores angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-7.6 (okuphindwe kathathu kunomholi wangaphambili), i-5 PB ye-RAM kanye ne-150 PB yesitoreji esabiwe ngokusekelwe ku-Luster FS. I-Red Hat Enterprise Linux isetshenziswa njengesistimu yokusebenza. Ubude obuphelele bezintambo ezibonakalayo ezisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ama-node cishe ngamakhilomitha angu-850.

Endaweni yesibili kukhona iqoqo leNgqungquthela, elatshalwa yi-IBM e-Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA). Iqoqo lisebenzisa i-Red Hat Enterprise Linux futhi lihlanganisa ama-processor cores angu-2.4 million (esebenzisa ama-CPU angu-22-core IBM Power9 22C 3.07GHz kanye nama-accelerator e-NVIDIA Tesla V100), ahlinzeka ngokusebenza kwama-petaflops angu-148, okucishe kube ngaphansi ngokuphindwe kathathu kunomholi weqembu. ukukala.

Indawo yesithathu ithathwe yi-American Sierra cluster, efakwe e-Livermore National Laboratory yi-IBM ngesisekelo senkundla efana ne-Summit futhi ekhombisa ukusebenza kwama-petaflops angama-94 (cishe ama-cores ayizigidi eziyi-1.5). I-Red Hat Enterprise Linux isetshenziswa njengesistimu yokusebenza.

Endaweni yesine kukhona iqoqo le-Chinese Sunway TaihuLight, elisebenza e-National Supercomputer Center yase-China, okuhlanganisa nama-computing cores angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-10 futhi ebonisa ukusebenza kwama-petaflops angu-93. Ngaphandle kwezinkomba zokusebenza ezifanayo, iqoqo laseSierra lisebenzisa uhhafu wamandla njengeSunway TaihuLight. Uhlelo olusebenzayo luwubunikazi be-Linux ukusatshalaliswa kwe-RaiseOS.

Endaweni yesihlanu kukhona iqoqo le-Perlmutter, elikhiqizwe yi-HPE futhi elise-National Energy Research Center e-USA. Iqoqo lihlanganisa ama-cores ayizinkulungwane ezingama-761 asuselwa ku-AMD EPYC 7763 64C 2.45GHz CPU futhi linikeza ukusebenza kwama-petaflops angama-71. Isistimu yokusebenza yi-Cray OS.

Amathrendi athakasela kakhulu:

• Ukusatshalaliswa ngenombolo yamakhompyutha amakhulu emazweni ahlukene:
  • I-China: 173 (188 - ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule). Sekukonke, amaqoqo aseShayina akhiqiza i-17.5% yawo wonke umkhiqizo (izinyanga eziyisithupha ezedlule - 19.4%);
  • E-USA: 149 (122). Ukukhiqiza okuphelele kulinganiselwa ku-32.5% (ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule - 30.7%);
  • EJapane: 32 (34);
  • EJalimane: 26 (23);
  • eFrance: 19 (16);
  • E-Netherlands: 11 (16);
  • E-UK: 11 (11);
  • eCanada 11 (11);
  • I-Russia 7 (3);
  • I-South Korea 7 (5)
  • I-Italy: 6 (6);
  • I-Saudi Arabia 6 (6);
  • Brazil 5 (6);
  • Sweden 4 (3);
  • Poland 4 (4);
  • Australia, India, Switzerland, Finland: 3.
• Esilinganisweni sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisetshenziswa kuma-supercomputers, i-Linux kuphela esele iminyaka emine nengxenye;
• Ukusabalalisa ngokusabalalisa kwe-Linux (kubakaki - eminyakeni emibili edlule):
  • U-51.6% (49.6%) awunayo imininingwane yokusabalalisa,
  • U-18% (26.4%) usebenzisa i-CentOS,
  • 7.6% (4.8%) - RHEL,
  • 7% (6.8%) - Cray Linux,
  • 5.4% (2%) - Ubuntu;
  • 4% (3%) - SUSE,
  • 0.2% (0.4%) - I-Linux Yesayensi
• Isilinganiso esincane sokusebenza sokungena ku-Top500 ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 senyuke sisuka ku-1511 saya ku-1649 teraflops (eminyakeni emithathu edlule, amaqoqo angama-272 kuphela abonisa ukusebenza okungaphezu kwe-petaflop, eminyakeni emine edlule - 138, eminyakeni emihlanu edlule - 94). Ku-Top100, umkhawulo wokungena ukhuphuke ukusuka ku-4124 kuya ku-4788 teraflops;
• Ukusebenza okuphelele kwawo wonke amasistimu esilinganisweni kukhuphuke kusuka ku-2.8 kuya ku-3 ama-exaflops phakathi nonyaka (eminyakeni emibili edlule kwakungama-exaflops angu-1.650, futhi eminyakeni emihlanu edlule - ama-petaflops angu-566). Uhlelo oluvala izinga lamanje lwalusendaweni yama-433 kumagazini wokugcina, futhi endaweni yama-401 ngonyaka odlule;
• Ukusatshalaliswa okujwayelekile kwenani lama-supercomputers ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba kungokulandelayo: ama-supercomputer angu-226 atholakala e-Asia (245 - ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule), 160 eNyakatho Melika (133) kanye ne-105 eYurophu (113), 5 eNingizimu. IMelika (6), 3 e-Oceania (2) kanye ne-1 e-Afrika (1);
• Njengesisekelo sokucubungula, ama-Intel CPU ahamba phambili - 81.6% (eminyakeni emibili edlule bekungama-94%), i-AMD isendaweni yesibili ngo-14.6% (0.6% !!), kanti i-IBM Power isendaweni yesithathu ngo-1.4% ( bekuyi-2.8%). Kukhona ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamaqoqo asekelwe kuma-AMD processors; isibonelo, wonke amasistimu amasha afakwe ku-Top15 afakwe ama-AMD CPU.
• U-26.6% (eminyakeni emibili edlule u-35.6%) wawo wonke ama-processor asetshenzisiwe anezinhlamvu ezingu-20, 17.6% - 24 cores, 11.2% - 64 cores, 8.6% (13.8%) - 16 cores, 8.2% (11%) - 18 cores, 5.8 % (11.2%) - 12 cores.
• Amasistimu angu-149 kwangu-500 (eminyakeni emibili edlule - 144) ngaphezu kwalokho asebenzisa ama-accelerator noma ama-coprocessors, anezinhlelo ezingu-143 asebenzisa ama-NVIDIA chips, 2 - Intel Xeon Phi (kusuka ku-5), 1 - PEZY (1), kanye ne-1 AMD Vega GPU;
• Phakathi kwabakhiqizi bamaqoqo, iLenovo yathatha indawo yokuqala - 36.8% (eminyakeni emibili edlule 34.8%), i-Inspur yathatha indawo yesibili - 11.6% (13.2%), i-Hewlett-Packard Enterprise yathatha indawo yesithathu - 9% (7%), yalandelwa nguSugon 7.8 % (14.2%), Atos - 7.2% (4.6%), Cray 6.4% (7%), Dell EMC 3.2% (2.2%), Fujitsu 3% (2.6%), NVIDIA 2.4 (1.2%), NEC 2% , Huawei 1.4% (2%), IBM 1.4% (2.6%), Penguin Computing - 1.4% (2.2%). Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa edlule, ukusatshalaliswa phakathi kwabakhiqizi kwaba kanje: Hewlett-Packard 36%, IBM 35%, Cray 10.2% kanye SGI 3.8%;
• I-Ethernet isetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ama-node ku-49.4% (eminyakeni emibili edlule 52%) yamaqoqo, i-InfiniBand isetshenziswa ku-33.6% (28%) yamaqoqo, i-Omnipath - 8.4% (10%). Uma sibheka ukusebenza sekukonke, amasistimu asekelwe ku-InfiniBand enza u-43.3% weTop500 yonke yokusebenza, kuyilapho i-Ethernet yenza ama-21.3%.

Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ukushicilelwa kohlelo olusha lwesilinganiso esihlukile sezinhlelo zeqoqo Igrafu 500, egxile ekuhloleni ukusebenza kwezinkundla zamakhompiyutha amakhulu ahlotshaniswa nokulingisa izinqubo zomzimba nemisebenzi yokucubungula inani elikhulu ledatha elivamile kumasistimu anjalo, kulindeleke. Izilinganiso ze-Green500, HPCG (High-Performance Conjugate Gradient) kanye ne-HPL-AI zihlanganiswa ne-Top500 futhi ziboniswa esilinganisweni esiyinhloko se-Top500.

Source: opennet.ru