Sawubona.
Kulesi sihloko ngifuna ukuchaza inqubo yokuhlanganisa irobhothi lami lokuqala usebenzisa i-Arduino. Indaba izoba wusizo kwabanye abasaqalayo abafana nami abafuna ukwenza uhlobo oluthile “lwenqola ezigijimayo.” I-athikili iyincazelo yezigaba zokusebenza nezengezo zami kuma-nuances ahlukahlukene. Isixhumanisi sekhodi yokugcina (okungenzeka ukuthi akuyona efanelekile kakhulu) sinikezwa ekupheleni kwesihloko.
Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, ngangihilela indodana yami (eneminyaka engu-8 ubudala) ekuhlanganyeleni. Yini ngempela esebenze ngayo futhi yini engazange - nginikele ingxenye yendatshana kulokhu, mhlawumbe kuzoba usizo kumuntu.
Incazelo evamile yerobhothi
Okokuqala, amagama ambalwa mayelana nerobhothi ngokwayo (umqondo). Ngangingafuni ngempela ukuhlanganisa okuthile okujwayelekile ekuqaleni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isethi yezingxenye yayijwayelekile - chassis, izinjini, inzwa ye-ultrasonic, inzwa yomugqa, ama-LED, i-tweeter. Ekuqaleni, kwasungulwa irobhothi kusuka kule "sobho set" eliqapha indawo yalo. Ashayele aqonde kumoni oweqe umugqa oyindilinga, bese ebuyela phakathi. Nokho, le nguqulo ibidinga umugqa odwetshiwe, kanye nezibalo ezengeziwe ukuze uhlale embuthanweni ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokucabanga okuthile, ngashintsha umqondo ngandlela-thile futhi nganquma ukwenza irobhothi “elizingelayo”. Ekuqaleni, ijika i-eksisi yayo, ikhethe i-target eseduze (umuntu). Uma “isilwane esizingelayo” sitholwa, “umzingeli” ukhanyisa izibani ezikhanyayo nenhlabamkhosi abese eqala ukushayela ebheke kuyo. Lapho umuntu ehamba/ebaleka, irobhothi likhetha into entsha eliqondiwe bese liyiphishekela, njalo njalo. Irobhothi elinjalo alidingi umbuthano olinganiselwe, futhi lingasebenza ezindaweni ezivulekile.
Njengoba ubona, lokhu kufana kakhulu nomdlalo wokubamba. Nakuba ekugcineni irobhothi alizange lisheshe ngokwanele, lisebenzisana ngokwethembeka nabantu abaseduze kwalo. Izingane ziyithanda kakhulu (ngezinye izikhathi, nokho, kubonakala sengathi sezizoyinyathela, inhliziyo yeqa ...). Ngicabanga ukuthi lesi yisixazululo esihle sokwazisa umklamo wobuchwepheshe.
Isakhiwo serobhothi
Ngakho-ke, sinqume ngombono, ake siqhubekele phambili isakhiwo. Uhlu lwezakhi lwakhiwe ngalokho irobhothi okufanele likwazi ukukwenza. Konke lapha kusobala, ngakho-ke ake sibheke izinombolo ngokushesha:
“Ubuchopho” berobhothi yibhodi le-arduino uno (1); bekusesethi eyakhiwe eChina. Ngezinjongo zethu, kwanele (sigxila enanini lamaphini asetshenzisiwe). Kukhithi efanayo sithathe i-chassis esenziwe ngomumo (2), lapho kunamathiselwe khona amasondo amabili okushayela (3) nelinye langemuva (elizungeza ngokukhululekile) (4). Ikhithi ibihlanganisa nendawo yebhethri eseyenziwe ngomumo (5). Ngaphambi kwerobhothi kunenzwa ye-ultrasonic (HC-SR04) (6), ngemuva kukhona umshayeli wemoto (L298N) (7), phakathi nendawo kukhona i-flashi ye-LED (8), futhi kancane eceleni kukhona i-tweeter (9).
Esigabeni sesakhiwo sibheka:
- ukuze konke kulingane
- ukulinganisela
- ukubekwa ngokwengqondo
Ozakwethu baseShayina sebevele basenzela lokhu kancane. Ngakho-ke, indawo yebhethri esindayo ibekwe phakathi nendawo, futhi amasondo okushayela atholakala cishe ngaphansi kwayo. Wonke amanye amabhodi anesisindo esincane futhi angabekwa endaweni ezungezile.
Ama-nuances:
- I-chassis evela kukhithi inezimbobo eziningi zefekthri, kodwa namanje angikakatholi ukuthi i-logic ikuphi. Izinjini kanye nepakethe yebhethri zivikelekile ngaphandle kwezinkinga, khona-ke "ukulungiswa" kwaqala ngokumba izimbobo ezintsha ukuze kuvikeleke lokhu noma lelo bhodi.
- Ama-racks ethusi nezinye izinsimbi ezivela ezindaweni zokugcina zaziwusizo olukhulu (ngezinye izikhathi kwakudingeka sizikhiphe).
- Ngadlula amabhasi ebhodini ngalinye ngokusebenzisa ama-clamps (futhi, ngawathola endaweni yokugcina). Kulula kakhulu, zonke izintambo zilala kahle futhi azilenga.
Amabhulokhi angawodwana
Manje ngizodlula amabhlogo futhi ngizokutshela mathupha ngakunye.
indawo yebhethri
Kuyacaca ukuthi irobhothi kumele libe nomthombo omuhle wamandla. Izinketho zingahluka, ngikhethe inketho ngamabhethri angu-4 AA. Sekukonke banikeza cishe i-5 V, futhi le-voltage ingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile kuphinikhodi ye-5V yebhodi le-arduino (ngokudlula i-stabilizer).
Yiqiniso, ngibe nokuqapha, kodwa lesi sixazululo siyasebenza kakhulu.
Njengoba amandla adingeka yonke indawo, ukuze kube lula ngenze izixhumi ezimbili phakathi nendawo yerobhothi: eyodwa "isabalalisa" umhlabathi (ngakwesokudla), kanti eyesibili - 5 V (ngakwesokunxele).
Izimoto nomshayeli
Okokuqala, mayelana nokufaka izinjini. Intaba yenziwe efektri, kodwa yenziwe ngokubekezelela okukhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, izinjini zinganyakazisa amamilimitha ambalwa kwesokunxele nakwesokudla. Ngomsebenzi wethu lokhu akubalulekile, kodwa kwezinye izindawo kungase kube nomthelela (i-robot izoqala ukuhambisa eceleni). Uma kwenzeka, ngimisa izinjini ngokuqinile futhi ngizilungise ngeglue.
Ukulawula ama-motor, njengoba ngibhale ngenhla, umshayeli we-L298N usetshenziswa. Ngokwamaphepha, inamaphini amathathu enjini ngayinye: elokushintsha isivinini kanye nezikhonkwane ezikhomba indlela yokuzungezisa. Kunephuzu elilodwa elibalulekile lapha. Kuvela ukuthi uma i-voltage yokuhlinzeka ingu-5 V, i-speed control imane nje ayisebenzi! Okusho ukuthi, noma ayijiki nhlobo, noma iphendukela phezulu. Lesi isici esingenze “ngibulale” ubusuku obumbalwa. Ekugcineni, ngithole okukhulunywa ngakho kwenye yezinkundla.
Ngokuvamile, bengidinga isivinini esiphansi sokuzungeza lapho ngiphendula irobhothi - ukuze libe nesikhathi sokuskena isikhala. Kodwa, njengoba kungekho lutho oluvela kulo mbono, kwakudingeka ngikwenze ngokuhlukile: ukujika okuncane - ukumisa - ukujika - ukumisa, njll Futhi, hhayi enhle kakhulu, kodwa esebenzayo.
Ngizophinde ngengeze lapha ukuthi ngemva kokuphishekela ngakunye irobhothi likhetha isiqondiso esingahleliwe sokujika okusha (ngokuhamba kwewashi noma ngokuphambene newashi).
Inzwa ye-ultrasonic
Olunye ucezu lwehadiwe lapho bekufanele sibheke khona isisombululo sokuyekethisa. Inzwa ye-ultrasonic ikhiqiza izinombolo ezingazinzile kuzithiyo zangempela. Empeleni, lokhu kwakulindelekile. Okufanelekile, kusebenza endaweni ethile emincintiswaneni lapho kukhona izindawo ezibushelelezi, ezilinganayo futhi eziphambene, kodwa uma imilenze yomuntu "ikhanya" phambi kwayo, ukucubungula okwengeziwe kudinga ukwethulwa.
Njengoba ukucubungula okunjalo ngibeka ngamanani amathathu. Ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwezingane zangempela (azikho izingane ezalinyazwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa!), kuvele ukuthi kwanele ukwenza idatha ibe ngokwejwayelekile. I-physics lapha ilula: sinezimpawu eziboniswa kusuka okudingekayo izinto (ezinikeza ibanga elidingekayo) futhi ziboniswa kusukela ezikude kakhulu, isibonelo, izindonga. Lokhu kokugcina ukukhishwa okungahleliwe ezilinganisweni zefomu 45, 46, 230, 46, 46, 45, 45, 310, 46... Yilezi isihlungi esimaphakathi esisinqamulayo.
Ngemuva kwakho konke ukucutshungulwa, sithola ibanga entweni eseduze. Uma lingaphansi kwenani elithile le-threshold, bese sivula i-alamu bese sishayela siqonde “kumhlaseli”.
I-Flasher ne-siren
Mhlawumbe izakhi ezilula kunazo zonke ezingenhla. Ziyabonakala ezithombeni ezingenhla. Akukho lutho ongabhala mayelana nehadiwe lapha, ngakho-ke manje ake siqhubekele phambili ikhodi.
Uhlelo lokulawula
Angiboni iphuzu ekuchazeni ikhodi ngokuningiliziwe, ukuthi ubani oyidingayo - isixhumanisi sisekupheleni kwesihloko, yonke into iyafundeka lapho. Kodwa kungaba kuhle ukuchaza isakhiwo esijwayelekile.
Into yokuqala okufanele siyiqonde ukuthi irobhothi liyithuluzi lesikhathi sangempela. Ngokunembayo, ukukhumbula, ngoba ngaphambi namanje ngisasebenza kuma-electronics. Ngakho, sikhohlwa ngokushesha mayelana nenselele ukubambezeleka (), abathanda ukuyisebenzisa kumidwebo eyisibonelo, futhi “okumisa” uhlelo isikhathi esibekiwe. Kunalokho, njengoba abantu abanolwazi beluleka, sethula izibali sikhathi zebhulokhi ngayinye. Isikhawu esidingekayo sidlulile - isenzo senziwe (ukwandisa ukukhanya kwe-LED, kuvulwe injini, njalonjalo).
Izikhathi zingaxhunywa. Isibonelo, i-tweeter isebenza ngokuhambisana nesibani. Lokhu kwenza uhlelo lube lula kancane.
Ngokwemvelo, sihlukanisa yonke into ibe yimisebenzi ehlukene (izibani ezikhanyayo, umsindo, ukuguquka, ukuya phambili, njalonjalo). Uma ungakwenzi lokhu, ngeke ukwazi ukuthola ukuthi kuvela kuphi futhi kuphi.
Ama-nuances we-pedagogy
Ngenze konke okuchazwe ngenhla ngesikhathi sami sakusihlwa kusihlwa. Ngendlela ekhululekile, ngachitha cishe amasonto amathathu erobhothini. Lokhu bekungase kuphelele lapha, kodwa futhi ngithembise ukukutshela ngokusebenza nengane. Yini engenziwa kule minyaka?
Sebenza ngokulandela imiyalelo
Siqale sahlola imininingwane ngayinye ngokwehlukana - ama-LED, ama-tweeter, amamotho, izinzwa, njll. Kunenani elikhulu lezibonelo esezenziwe ngomumo - ezinye zisendaweni yentuthuko, ezinye zingatholakala ku-inthanethi. Lokhu kuyangijabulisa ngempela. Sithatha ikhodi, sixhuma ingxenye, siqinisekise ukuthi iyasebenza, bese siqala ukuyishintsha ukuze ivumelane nomsebenzi wethu. Ingane yenza ukuxhumana ngokomdwebo nangaphansi kokugadwa kwami. Lokhu kuhle. Kudingeka futhi ukwazi ukusebenza ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalelo.
Ukuhleleka komsebenzi (“kusuka ngokukhethekile kuye kokujwayelekile”)
Iphuzu elinzima leli. Udinga ukufunda ukuthi iphrojekthi enkulu (“yenza irobhothi”) iqukethe imisebenzi emincane (“xhuma inzwa,” “xhuma amamotho”...), futhi lawo, nawo, ahlanganisa nezinyathelo ezincane kakhulu (“thola uhlelo,” “xhuma ibhodi.” ", "landa i-firmware"...). Ngokwenza imisebenzi engaphezulu noma engaqondakali yezinga eliphansi, "sivala" imisebenzi yezinga eliphakathi, futhi kusukela kubo umphumela jikelele uyakhiwa. Ngachaza, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi ukugcwaliseka ngeke kufike maduze. Endaweni ethile, mhlawumbe, ngokukhula.
Umhlangano
Ukubhoboza, izintambo, izikulufu, amantongomane, i-soldering kanye nephunga le-rosin - besiyoba kuphi ngaphandle kwayo? Ingane ithole ikhono eliyisisekelo "Ukusebenza nge-soldering iron" - yakwazi ukuthengisa izixhumanisi eziningana (ngisize kancane, ngeke ngikufihle). Ungakhohlwa mayelana nencazelo yokuphepha.
Umsebenzi wekhompyutha
Ngabhala uhlelo lwerobhothi, kodwa ngisakwazi ukuzuza imiphumela emihle.
Okokuqala: IsiNgisi. Babesanda kuyiqala esikoleni, ngakho-ke sasidonsa kanzima ukuthola ukuthi i-pishalka, i-migalka, i-yarkost nokunye ukuhumusha kwakuyini. Okungenani sakuqonda lokhu. Ngamabomu angizange ngisebenzise amagama omdabu esiNgisi, njengoba singakafiki kuleli zinga.
Okwesibili: umsebenzi osebenzayo. Sifundise inhlanganisela ye-hotkey nendlela yokwenza ngokushesha imisebenzi ejwayelekile. Ngezikhathi ezithile, lapho sibhala lolu hlelo, mina nendodana yami sashintshanisa izindawo, futhi ngasho okufanele kwenziwe (ukushintsha, ukucinga, njll.). Kwadingeka ngiphindaphinde ngokuphindaphindiwe: "chofoza kabili ukukhetha", "bamba u-Shift", "bamba u-Ctrl" njalonjalo. Inqubo yokufunda lapha ayisheshi, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi amakhono azofakwa kancane kancane “ku-subcortex.”
Umbhalo ofihliweUngasho ukuthi lokhu okungenhla cishe kusobala. Kodwa, ngokweqiniso, lokhu kuwa ngathola ithuba lokufundisa isayensi yekhompyutha ebangeni lesi-9 esikoleni esisodwa. Kubi lokho. Abafundi abazazi izinto eziyisisekelo ezifana no-Ctrl + Z, Ctrl + C no-Ctrl + V, ukukhetha umbhalo kuyilapho ubambe u-Shift noma uchofoza kabili igama, njalonjalo. Lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi bebesonyakeni wabo wesithathu wokufunda isayensi yekhompyutha... Dweba esakho isiphetho.
Okwesithathu: ukuthayipha ngokuthinta. Amazwi akukhodi ngiphathise ingane ukuthi iyibhale (mayizilolonge). Ngokushesha sabeka izandla zethu ngendlela efanele ukuze kancane kancane iminwe yethu ikhumbule indawo yezihluthulelo.
Njengoba ubona, sisaqala. Sizoqhubeka nokucija amakhono ethu nolwazi, kuzoba usizo empilweni.
Ngendlela, mayelana nekusasa...
Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo
Irobhothi lenziwe, liyashayela, liyacwayiza futhi liyakhala. Yini manje? Ngokugqugquzelwa yilokho esikuzuzile, sihlela ukukucwengisisa ngokuqhubekayo. Kunombono wokwenza isilawuli kude - njenge-lunar rover. Kungaba okuthakazelisayo, ukuhlala endaweni elawulwa kude, ukulawula ukunyakaza kwerobhothi elishayela endaweni ehluke ngokuphelele. Kodwa lokho kuzoba indaba ehlukile...
Futhi ekugcineni, amaqhawe alesi sihloko (ividiyo ngokuchofoza):
Спасибо за внимание!
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Source: www.habr.com