Ukuhumusha okulungile nokunembile kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enomthwalo wemfanelo. Futhi lapho ukuhumusha okunomthwalo wemfanelo kakhudlwana, kuba nemiphumela eyinhlekelele kakhulu iphutha lomhumushi elingaholela kuyo.
Ngezinye izikhathi iphutha elilodwa elinjalo libiza ukuphila komuntu, kodwa phakathi kwazo kukhona nalawo abiza amashumi ezinkulungwane zokuphila. Namuhla, kanye nawe, sizohlaziya amaphutha abahumushi, abiza umlando kakhulu. Ngokubheka imininingwane yomsebenzi wethu, sibheke amaphutha ahlobene ngandlela thize nolimi lwesiNgisi. Hamba.
Umngane wamanga womhumushi washiya umfana oneminyaka engu-18 ekhubazekile
Mhlawumbe icala elidume kakhulu lokungalungi kwezokwelapha ngegama elilodwa lenzeka eSouth Florida ngo-1980.
U-Willy Ramirez oneminyaka engu-18 ubudala waseCuba uvele wezwa ikhanda elibuhlungu nesiyezi esinzima. Ukudideka kwakunzima kangangokuthi wayengakwazi ukubona noma ukucabanga kahle. Ngemva kwalokho, waquleka futhi wahlala kulesi simo izinsuku ezimbili.
Umama kaWillie wayekholelwa ukuthi wayedliswe ushevu - emahoreni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlasela, wayedla isidlo sasemini esitolo esisha. Kodwa uNkk. Rodriguez wayekhuluma isiNgisi esincane kakhulu. Wazama ukuchazela udokotela wezimo eziphuthumayo ukuthi imbangela yalesi simo kungaba ukudla okubi futhi wasebenzisa igama leSpanishi elithi “intoxicado,” elihunyushwa ngokuthi “ubuthi.”
Kodwa ngesiNgisi kukhona igama elithi "udakiwe", elinencazelo ehluke ngokuphelele - "ukweqisa utshwala noma izidakamizwa", okubangele isimo esibucayi emzimbeni. Udokotela we-ambulensi wacabanga ukuthi lo mfana wamane “wakhandwa ngamatshe,” okuyinto eyabikela esibhedlela.
Eqinisweni, lo mfana waba nesifo sohlangothi - umkhumbi ophukile futhi opha ebuchosheni. Icala elingavamile kubantu abasha abanjalo, kodwa hhayi okungavamile.
Ngenxa yalokho, uWillie “welashelwa” ukweqisa izidakamizwa, bamkhipha, kodwa akabange esabuyela ezingqondweni, futhi ukushaywa unhlangothi kwakhula kwaba yisigaba kangangokuthi kwaphumela ekukhubazekeni okuphelele komzimba.
Umndeni wagcina uklonyeliswe ngerekhodi lesinxephezelo esingu-$71 million, kodwa asifuni nokucabanga ukuthi kungaba njani ukushiywa ukhubazekile ngenxa yegama elilodwa elihunyushwe kabi.
Isimo ngokwaso saholela ezinguqukweni ezingathi sína kwezokwelapha zase-US, lapho inqubo yokuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa ezigulini yashintsha kakhulu. Ngokwengxenye ngenxa yabo, manje kubiza kakhulu ukuthola ukwelashwa ngaphandle komshwalense e-United States.
Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nendaba kaRamirez .
“Sizokungcwaba!” - ukuthi ukuhumusha okungalungile kwacishe kwaholela kanjani empini phakathi kwe-USSR ne-USA
1956, ukuphakama kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi phakathi kwe-USSR ne-USA. Izinsongo zivela kaningi enkulumweni yabaholi bamazwe womabili, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi ngenxa yephutha lomhumushi, impi yangempela cishe yaqala.
U-Nikita Khrushchev, uNobhala Jikelele we-USSR, ukhulume emcimbini wokwamukela ehhovisi lenxusa lasePoland. Inkinga yayiwukuthi wayevame ukuzithiba enkulumweni yasesidlangalaleni futhi esebenzisa izisho okunzima ukuzihumusha ngaphandle kolwazi olujulile lomongo.
Umusho wawuthi:
“Uthanda ungathandi, umlando ungakithi. Sizokungcwaba."
Ngokusobala, uKhrushchev lapha wahumusha uMarx nombono wakhe wokuthi “iqembu labasebenzi lingumdibi wobunxiwankulu.” Kodwa umhumushi wahumusha ibinzana lokugcina ngokuqondile, okwabangela ihlazo lamazwe ngamazwe.
"Sizokungcwaba!" - leli gama lavela khona manjalo kuwo wonke amaphephandaba aseMelika. Ngisho nomagazini odumile we-Time ushicilele yonke indatshana ngalokhu (). Uma kukhona ofuna ukufunda okwangempela, .
I-US diplomatic mission ngokushesha yathumela inothi ku-USSR kanye namanxusa aseSoviet kwadingeka ukuba axolise ngokushesha futhi achaze ukuthi inkulumo kaKhrushchev yayingasho usongo oluqondile lwezempi, kodwa i-postulate eguquliwe kaMarx, okwakufanele ihunyushwe ngokuthi "Sizoba khona emngcwabeni wakho.” emngcwabeni wakho”) noma “Sizophila ukudlula wena” (“Sizophila ukudlula wena”).
Kamuva, uKhrushchev ngokwakhe waxolisa esidlangalaleni ngesifenqo futhi wachaza ukuthi wayengaqondile ukumba ithuna, kodwa ukuthi ubunxiwankulu buzobhubhisa isigaba sakhe sabasebenzi.
Yiqiniso, indlela yokukhuluma kaKhrushchev ayizange ishintshe, futhi kakade ngo-1959 wayefuna "ukubonisa unina kaKuzkin wase-USA." Khona-ke, futhi, umhumushi akakwazanga ukudlulisa kahle inkulumo futhi ahunyushwe ngokuqondile - "sizokubonisa umama kaKuzka." Futhi emphakathini waseMelika babekholelwa ukuthi umama kaKuzka wayeyibhomu lenuzi elisha elakhiwa yiSoviet Union.
Ngokuvamile, ukutolika kanyekanye emihlanganweni ephakeme kakhulu kahulumeni kuyindaba eyinkimbinkimbi. Lapha izwe lonke lingachithwa ngenxa yebinzana elilodwa elingalungile.
Iphutha egameni elilodwa elidale ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu eHiroshima naseNagasaki
Iphutha elibi kakhulu lokuhumusha elake lenzeka emlandweni womhlaba lenzeka ngemva kweNgqungquthela yasePotsdam ngoJulayi 26, 1945. Lesi simemezelo, ngendlela yokunquma, sabeka phambili izimfuno zoMbuso WaseJapan ukuthi uhole eMpini Yezwe II. Uma benqaba, ‘babeyobhekana nokubhujiswa okuphelele.
Ezinsukwini ezintathu kamuva, uNdunankulu waseJapane uKantaro Suzuki wathi esithangamini sabezindaba (esihunyushelwe esiNgisini):
Ukucabanga kwami ukuthi isimemezelo esihlanganyelwe sicishe sifane nesimemezelo sangaphambili. Uhulumeni waseJapane awukubheki njengenzuzo ebalulekile. Simane mokusatsu suru. Okuwukuphela kwendlela esingayenza ngayo wukuzimisela ukuqhubeka nempi yethu kuze kube sekugcineni.
Ngikholwa ukuthi isimemezelo esihlanganyelwe [se-Potsdam] sifana nezimemezelo zangaphambili. IPhalamende laseJapane alikubheki njengokubaluleka okukhethekile. Simane siyi-mokusatsu suru. Okuwukuphela kwendlela esingayenza ngayo ukuqhubeka nokulwa kuze kube sekugcineni.
I-Mokusatsu isho ukuthi "ukunganamathiseli ukubaluleka", "ukuthula". Okusho ukuthi uNdunankulu uthe bazovele bathule. Impendulo eqaphile ehilela umsebenzi wobunxusa oyinkimbinkimbi.
Kodwa ngesiNgisi, igama elithi "mokusatsu" lahunyushwa ngokuthi "asikunaki lokho."
Le mpendulo “engacacile” evela kuhulumeni waseJapan yaba isizathu sohlobo oluthile lwesenzo sokwesabisa amaJapane ngokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu e-athomu. Ngo-August 6, ibhomu le-athomu elingu-15 kiloton laphonswa eHiroshima, kwathi ngo-August 9, ibhomu le-kiloton engu-21 lawela eNagasaki.
, izisulu eziqondile zezakhamuzi zaba izakhamuzi ezingu-150 zaseHiroshima kanye nezakhamuzi ezingu-000 zaseNagasaki. Kodwa inani langempela lezisulu likhulu kakhulu. Ngokwemithombo ehlukahlukene, inani lezisulu zokungenwa ushevu ngemisebe lalingu-75 000.
Yebo, asikho isimo sokuzithoba emlandweni. Kodwa ake ucabange nje, ukube igama elilodwa nje belihunyushwe ngendlela efanele, mhlawumbe bekungeke kube namabhomu nhlobo. kusukela ku-US National Security Agency.
Indlela uJimmy Carter avule ngayo inhlamba ePoland
Ake siphethe ngenothi elijabulisayo. Ngo-1977, u-Democrat uJimmy Carter wanqoba ukhetho lwase-US. Ngonyaka wokuqala engumongameli, waqhuba ngenkuthalo uhlelo lokuvakashela kwamanye amazwe. Ngo-December wavakashela ePoland futhi wethula inkulumo.
Yiqiniso, kwakunenkinga eyodwa encane - kwakunabahumushi abangu-17 e-White House, kodwa akekho owayekhuluma isiPolish. Khona-ke omunye wabazimele wahlanganyela emsebenzini.
Ngokuvamile, inkulumo kaCarter kumaPoles yayinobungane kakhulu. Wahlola uMthethosisekelo wasePoland ka-1791, wakhuluma ngezinhlelo ze-United States futhi wathi angathanda ukuzwa ngamaphupho amaPoles ngokwawo.
Kodwa ekugcineni, inkulumo encane yaphenduka inhlekelele. Umhumushi wamane wenza inqwaba yamaphutha amakhulu.
Inkulumo engenangozi ethi “lapho ngisuka e-United States” yaba “lapho ngisuka phakade e-United States.” Ngokwemvelo, ngokomongo kwaqondwa njengokuthi “ngasuka e-USA ngazohlala nawe.” Inkulumo yobudedengu evela kumongameli welinye izwe.
Esikhundleni somusho okhuluma ngokubaluleka okukhulu koMthethosisekelo wasePoland wango-1791 wamalungelo abantu, abantu basePoland bezwa ukuthi umthethosisekelo wabo wawungenangqondo. Kodwa i-apogee yokungenangqondo kwakuyinkulumo mayelana namaphupho amaPoles. Igama elithi “izifiso” lahunyushwa ngokuthi “isifiso sowesilisa ngowesifazane,” ngakho leli gama lagcina lisho ukuthi “Ngifuna ukulala namaPoles.”
Inxusa lasePoland lathumela isikhalazo kuNxusa LaseMelika. Babona ukuthi inkinga yayikumhumushi, hhayi kumongameli, kodwa lokhu akuzange kunciphise ukushuba kwehlazo. Ngenxa yalokho, amanxusa kwadingeka axolise isikhathi eside ngamaphutha omhumushi.
Ngokwengxenye ngenxa yalesi simo, ubudlelwano bePoland ne-United States babupholile kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokubusa kukaCarter njengomongameli.
kuyi-New York Times, ngoDisemba 31, 1977.
Kungakho ukuhumusha nokusebenza ngezilimi zakwamanye amazwe kuwudaba olunomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu kunalokho okuvame ukucatshangwa abafundi. Iphutha ekukhulumisaneni nomngane lingabangela ukuxabana, futhi iphutha elisezingeni eliphezulu lingabangela impi noma ihlazo elihle.
Funda isiNgisi ngendlela efanele. Futhi asethembe ukuthi omongameli bazohlala benabahumushi bezinga eliphezulu. Bese silala ngokuthula. Futhi ungalala ngokuthula nakakhulu uma ufunda isiNgisi ngokwakho :)
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