Ukunikezwa kwamandla okungaphazamiseki kubalulekile kokubili emshinini ngamunye ebhizinisini lezimboni kanye nesakhiwo esikhulu sokukhiqiza sisonke. Izinhlelo zamanje zamandla ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zithembekile, kodwa azikwazi ukubhekana nalo msebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-UPS ezisetshenziselwa izikhungo zezimboni? Yiziphi izimfuneko okumelwe bahlangabezane nazo? Ingabe zikhona izimo zokusebenza ezikhethekile zemishini enjalo?
Izidingo ze-UPS yezimboni
Ngokucabangela inhloso, singagqamisa izici ezibalulekile ugesi ongaphazamiseki ezikhungweni zezimboni okufanele zibe nazo:
- Ukukhipha amandla aphezulu. Kunqunywa amandla emishini esetshenziswa emabhizinisini.
- Ukuthembeka okuphezulu. Ibekwe phansi esigabeni sokuthuthukisa ukuklanywa kwemithombo. Ekwenzeni kwabo, kusetshenziswa izingxenye ezingakhuphula kakhulu ukuthembeka kwamadivayisi. Lokhu, yiqiniso, kwandisa izindleko ze-UPS, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kwandisa impilo yesevisi kokubili imithombo ngokwayo kanye nemishini abahlinzeka ngayo ngogesi.
- Idizayini ecatshangelwayo esiza ukuxilonga, ukugcinwa kanye nokulungiswa kwezinto zikagesi ezingaphazamiseki. Le ndlela ihlinzeka ukufinyelela okulula kuwo wonke amayunithi esistimu futhi inciphisa isikhathi esidingekayo sokuqaqa noma ukufaka esikhundleni izingxenye ze-UPS.
- Amathuba okukala kanye nokwanda okushelelayo kwamandla. Lokhu kuyadingeka lapho isidingo samandla sikhuphuka.
Izinhlobo ze-UPS zezimboni
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamandla kagesi angaphazamiseki asetshenziselwa izinjongo zezimboni:
- I-Reserve (engaziwa ngokuthi i-Off-Line noma i-Standby). Imithombo enjalo ifakwe ukushintshwa okuzenzakalelayo, okuthi, uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwamandla, shintsha umthwalo kumabhethri. Lawa amasistimu alula futhi angabizi, kodwa awafakelwe iziqinisi ze-voltage yenethiwekhi (okusho ukuthi amabhethri aguga ngokushesha) futhi adinga isikhathi esithile ukushintsha amandla kumabhethri (cishe ama-4 ms). Ama-UPS anjalo abhekana kuphela nokunqamuka kukagesi kwesikhashana futhi asetshenziselwa ukusevisa imishini yokukhiqiza engabalulekile.
- Umugqa-usebenzisanayo. Imithombo enjalo ifakwe ama-transformer ukuzinzisa i-voltage ephumayo. Ngenxa yalokho, inani lokushintshwa kwamandla kumabhethri liyancishiswa futhi nempilo yebhethri iyalondolozwa. Nokho, ama-UPS awaklanyelwe ukuhlunga umsindo nokulawula i-voltage waveform. Zilungele ukunikezwa kwamandla okungaphazamiseki emishinini ebalulekile i-voltage yokufaka kuphela.
- Ku-inthanethi (Ku-inthanethi). Emithonjeni enjalo, ukuguqulwa kwe-voltage kabili kwenzeka. Okokuqala, ukusuka ekushintsheni kuya kokuqondisa (kuhlinzekwa kumabhethri), bese kuphinda kube ukushintshana, okusetshenziselwa ukunika amandla imishini yezimboni. Kulokhu, hhayi kuphela inani le-voltage elilawulwa ngokucacile, kodwa futhi isigaba, imvamisa kanye ne-amplitude yamanje alternating. Abanye abakhiqizi, esikhundleni sokuguqulwa okuphindwe kabili, basebenzisa ama-inverters aphindwe kabili, enza ngokuhlukile imisebenzi yesilungisi noma isishintshi. Ama-UPS aku-inthanethi onga amandla futhi abonakala ngokwanda kokusebenza kahle. Imithombo enjalo ifanele ukuvikela amathuluzi anamandla futhi azwela inethiwekhi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-UPS wezimboni angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili kuye ngohlobo lomthwalo ohlinzekwayo:
- Eyokuqala ihlanganisa amandla kagesi angaphazamiseki, asetshenziselwa ukuvikela izinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nemishini yokusebenza ekunqanyulweni kukagesi. Ngale njongo, ikhophi yasenqolobaneni noma ama-UPS asebenzisanayo angasetshenziswa.
- Okwesibili kuhlanganisa ama-UPS, asetshenziselwa ukunikezwa kwamandla okungaphazamiseki kungqalasizinda ye-IT: amasistimu okugcina idatha noma amaseva. Imithombo yohlobo lwe-inthanethi ifanele lokhu.
Izimo zokusebenza zama-UPS wezimboni
Amabhizinisi ezimbonini ezehlukene anemininingwane yawo, ngakho-ke anezidingo ezihlukile zokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi angaphazamiseki. Eqinisweni, iphrojekthi ngayinye enjalo ihlukile futhi idinga ukukhulisa imishini ngezimo zayo. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa zokucaciswa kokukhiqiza:
- I-UPS, esetshenziswa ezindaweni zokuhluza uwoyela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile kwamakholomu e-distillation, isetshenziselwa ukunikeza amandla aphuthumayo hhayi kuphela ukulawula izinhlelo, kodwa futhi kuma-actuator. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, kumele babe namandla aphezulu.
- Izitshalo zamandla ashisayo zikhiqiza i-byproduct: igesi ye-sulphur dioxide. Lapho ihlangana nomswakama womkhathi, yenza umhwamuko we-sulfuric acid. Ingacekela phansi ngokushesha izinto ezisetshenziswa ukwenza amandla kagesi angaphazamiseki.
- Kumapulatifomu kawoyela aphesheya kwezilwandle, enye ingozi ukwanda komswakama, usawoti kanye nokwenzeka kokunyakaza okuvundlile noma okuqondile kwesisekelo lapho i-UPS ifakwe khona.
- Izitshalo ezincibilikayo ziqukethe izinkambu eziqinile zika-electromagnetic ezingabangela ukuphazamiseka kanye nama-circuit breaker omthombo wohambo.
Uhlu olungenhla lungangezwa ngenqwaba yezinye izibonelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izici zebhizinisi lezimboni, ukunikezwa kwamandla okungaphazamiseki kuyadingeka ukuze kusebenze ngokuthembekile iminyaka engu-15-25. Singabona izici ezimbili eziyinhloko ezithonya ukusebenza kwe-UPS:
- Indawo yokuhlala. Akunconywa neze ukubeka imithombo eduze kwabathengi bamandla. Kumele bavikeleke emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, emoyeni ongcolile noma emithonyeni yemishini. Kuma-UPS, izinga lokushisa elifanele ngu-20β25 Β°C, kodwa ayaqhubeka nokusebenza kahle emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-45 Β°C. Ukwanda okwengeziwe kwempilo yebhethri kwenza impilo yebhethri ibe mfushane ngoba zonke izinqubo zamakhemikhali kuzo ziyasheshisa.
Umoya onothuli nawo uyingozi. Uthuli olucolekile lusebenza njenge-abrasive futhi luholela ekugugeni ezindaweni zokusebenza zabalandeli kanye nokwehluleka kwama-bearings abo. Ungazama ukusebenzisa ama-UPS ngaphandle kwabalandeli, kodwa kuphephe kakhulu ukuthi ekuqaleni ubavikele emathonyeni anjalo. Ukwenza lokhu, izinto zokusebenza kufanele zibekwe ekamelweni elihlukile elinezimo zokushisa ezigcinwe kanye nomoya ohlanzekile.
- Ukubuyiselwa kukagesi. Wona kanye umqondo wokubuyisela omunye ugesi kugridi futhi uphinde uwusebenzise ngokuqinisekile uwusizo. Ikuvumela ukuthi unciphise izindleko zamandla. Amasistimu okubuyisela asetshenziswa ngenkuthalo, ngokwesibonelo, ekuthuthweni kukaloliwe, kodwa ayingozi kumandla angenakuphazamiseka. Uma kusetshenziswa amandla ahlehlayo, amandla kagesi ebhasi e-DC ayanda. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuvikela kuyaqalwa futhi i-UPS ishintshela kumodi yokudlula. Imiphumela yokululama ayikwazi ukuqedwa ngokuphelele. Zingancishiswa kuphela ngokusebenzisa izinsiza zamandla ezingaphazamiseki ze-transformer.
Source: www.habr.com