Ukusuka ekubumbeni inqubo ukuya ekwakhiweni kwesistimu okuzenzakalelayo (Ingxenye 2)

"Ngolunye usuku empilweni yengwejeje" noma kusukela ekumodeleni kuya ekwakhiweni kwesistimu yokubala ingcebo ezenzakalelayo "Belka-1.0" (Ingxenye 2)

Umdwebo wasetshenziselwa "I-Tale of Tsar Saltan" ka-A.S. Pushkin, eyanyatheliswa yi-"Children's Literature", eMoscow, ngo-1949, i-Leningrad, imidwebo ka-K. Kuznetsov.

Isifinyezo sesiqephu esedlule

В Ingxenye yesi-1 Sisebenzise isizinda “senganekwane”, esigqugquzelwe izibonelo zokufunda imidwebo ye-UML esekelwe kundaba zezinganekwane (bona, isibonelo, lapha [1]). Ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukumodela, savumelana ngokusetshenziswa kwezinye izici zomdwebo woMsebenzi futhi saqala ukwenza isivumelwano sokumodela. Ngokucabangela lezi zivumelwano, esigabeni soku-1 sachaza inqubo ngendlela yemidwebo Yomsebenzi, futhi esigabeni sesi-2 sahlonza izinyathelo zenqubo lapho kudingeka khona ukuzenzekelayo (futhi okungenzeka).

Ake ngikukhumbuze ukuthi sizokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo umsebenzi wokubalwa kwempahla, okuvela kulezi zinqubo.

...
Isiqhingi sisolwandle, (E1, E2)
Kukhona isichotho esiqhingini (E3, E1)
Ngamasonto aphethwe yigolide, (E4)
Nemibhoshongo nezingadi; (E5, E6)
Isihlahla se-spruce simila phambi kwesigodlo, (E7, E8)
Futhi ngaphansi kwayo kunendlu yekristalu; (E9)
Ingwejeje ethambile ihlala lapho, (A1)
Yebo, yeka i-adventure! (A1)
Ingwejeje icula izingoma, (P1, A1)
Yebo, ulokhu edla amantongomane, (P2)
Kodwa amantongomane awalula, (C1)
Wonke amagobolondo ayigolide, (C2)
Umnyombo uyi-emerald ehlanzekile; (C3)
Izinceku zigada ingwejeje, (P3, A2)
Bamsebenzela njengezinceku ezahlukahlukene (P4)
Futhi kwabelwa umabhalane (A3)
I-akhawunti eqinile yamantongomane yizindaba; (P5, C1)
Ibutho liyambingelela; (P6, A4)
Uhlamvu lwemali luthululwa emagobolondweni, (P7, C2, C4)
Mabahambe emhlabeni wonke; (P8)
Amantombazane athulula isimaragidu (P9, A5, C3)
Ezingomeni nangaphansi kwesembozo; (E10, E11)
...
(A.S. Pushkin "I-Tale of Tsar Saltan, yeqhawe lakhe elikhazimulayo nelinamandla uPrince Guidon Saltanovich kanye neNkosazana Swan enhle", kukholakala ukuthi iwukuguqulelwa kwamahhala kwenganekwane yendabuko ethi “Igolide lijule ngamadolo, indololwane lijule ngesiliva,” eyabhalwa uPushkin ezinguqulweni ezihlukahlukene.)

Kulesi sibonelo, ngisebenzisa imvelo ye-Enterprise Architect evela enkampanini yase-Australia. I-Sparx Systems [2], futhi ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa ngisebenzisa Imodeli [3].
Ake ngikukhumbuze ukuthi kunezinqubo ezahlukene, ungakwazi ukujwayela, isibonelo, lapha [4] futhi lapha [5].
Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nezindlela ezisetshenziswayo zokumodela nokuklama, bheka i- [6, 7].
Ukuze uthole imininingwane ephelele ye-UML, bheka lapha [8].

Manje sesilungele ukudlulela ezinyathelweni ezilandelayo futhi siqale ukuklama ukusebenza kwesistimu nokuhleleka kwangaphakathi. Ukufakwa kwezinombolo kwemidwebo kuzoqhubeka.

Isigaba 3. Isinyathelo esizenzakalelayo kufanele sihlotshaniswe nomsebenzi noma imisebenzi yesistimu

Isistimu ezenzakalelayo (AS) eyathuthukiswayo yakhelwe ukugcina amarekhodi aqinile amantongomane, uyakhumbula? Ngesinyathelo ngasinye esigqanyisiwe (bheka Umfanekiso 3, Umfanekiso 4 engxenyeni 1), esizozenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, bhala phansi imfuneko yokusebenza sisebenzisa cishe ukwakhiwa okulandelayo: “Uhlelo kufanele lusebenzise ikhono...” futhi luthuthukise Umdwebo we-Use-case diagram. Manje sengeza imithetho emisha esivumelwaneni sethu sokumodela. Ake ngichaze ukuthi yiziphi izakhi esizozisebenzisa.

Sizosebenzisa ukuxhumana "Kwenhlangano" phakathi "Kwendima Yomsebenzisi" kanye "Nomsebenzi" (Umfanekiso 5), lokhu kusho ukuthi umsebenzisi onale ndima angakwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi.

Umfanekiso 5. Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwano bohlobo lweNhlangano

Ukusuka kokuthi "Umsebenzi" kuya "Kudingeka" sizodweba uxhumano "Lokusebenza" (Umfanekiso 6) ukukhombisa ukuthi le mfuneko izosetshenziswa yile misebenzi; ubudlelwano bungaba "okuningi-kuya-kuningi", i.e. Umsebenzi owodwa ungase uhileleke ekusebenziseni izimfuneko ezimbalwa, futhi kungase kudingeke umsebenzi ongaphezu kowodwa ukuze kusetshenziswe imfuneko.

Umfanekiso 6. Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwano bohlobo "lokuSebenzisa".

Uma umsebenzi owodwa udinga ekusebenzeni kwawo ukuthi omunye umsebenzi wenziwe, futhi ngempela, sizosebenzisa ukuxhumana "Ukuncika" nge-stereotype ethi "Faka" (Umfanekiso 7). Uma ukwenziwa komsebenzi owengeziwe kudingekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, sizobe sesisebenzisa ukuxhumeka kokuthi “Ukuncika” nge-stereotype ethi “Nweba”. Konke kulula kakhulu ukukukhumbula: "Faka" KUTHI NJALO, futhi "Nweba" KUTHI NGESINYE IZIKHATHI.

Umfanekiso 7. Ukusebenzisa ubudlelwano "Ukuncika (ukufakwa)".

Ngenxa yalokho, umdwebo wethu uzobukeka kanjena (Umfanekiso 8).

Umfanekiso 8. Umdwebo wekesi elisetshenziswayo (imodeli esebenzayo ye-AC)

Ukwengeza, umdwebo we-Use-case usetshenziselwa ukufanisa izindima zabasebenzisi (Umfanekiso 9).

Umfanekiso 9. Umdwebo wesimo esisetshenziswayo (izindima zabasebenzisi be-AS)

Isigaba 4. Ake sichaze inhlangano yangaphakathi ye-AS sisebenzisa umdwebo wekilasi

Sisebenzisa ulwazi mayelana nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokufakwayo neziphumayo zenqubo yethu (bona imidwebo Yomsebenzi - Umfanekiso 2, Umfanekiso 3, Umfanekiso 4), sizokwakha idayagramu yekilasi. Sizosebenzisa izakhi zokumodela "zekilasi" nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuxhuma phakathi kwazo.

Ukukhombisa ubudlelwano "obuphelele", sizosebenzisa ubudlelwano bohlobo lwe "Aggregation" (Umfanekiso 10): i-nut iyonke, futhi amagobolondo ne-kernel yizingxenye.

Umfanekiso 10. Ubudlelwano obuyingxenye yonke

Ngenxa yalokho, ucezu lomdwebo wethu luzobukeka kanje (Umfanekiso 11). Amakilasi esiwagqamisile ngokuqondile encazelweni yombhalo yenqubo amakwe ngombala.

Umfanekiso 11. Umdwebo wekilasi

Umdwebo wekilasi wawuphinde wasetshenziselwa ukwenza imodeli yezinye izinto zobuciko - hhayi kuphela lezo ezizohlotshaniswa nemodeli yomqondo yenqubo ezenzakalelayo yokubalwa kwempahla ephathekayo, kodwa futhi ehlobene nendawo yokusebenza - imvelo (Umfanekiso 12) kanye "nomakhelwane" izinqubo (Umfanekiso 13) ezingathonya inqubo ezenzakalelayo, kodwa azikakagxili ekunakeni kwethu (sicabanga ukuthi uhlelo luzothuthuka futhi lolu lwazi luzoba usizo).

Umfanekiso 12. Umdwebo wekilasi (imvelo)

Ubuhlobo befa bubonisa ukukhiqizwa kwezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene, amakilasi "engane", ngaphansi kwesigaba "somzali" esijwayelekile "Isakhiwo".

Umfanekiso 13. Umdwebo wekilasi (ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nama-artifacts)

"Ukusabela kwesimo" kuncike kokuthi "Idatha yokulawula okubonakalayo". Ebudlelwaneni obuthile bokuncika, i-"trace" stereotype isetshenziswa ukukhombisa ukulandela umkhondo kwezigaba ezingakhonjwanga ngokucacile encazelweni yenqubo, kodwa ezidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, kumakilasi izimo zazo ezikhonjwe ngokucacile encazelweni yethu.

Isigaba 5. Ake sihlaziye amanothi kuthrekhi "Imithetho Yebhizinisi".

Imithetho yayicacisiwe (bheka uMdwebo 2 engxenyeni 1):

1. isidingo sokuhlukanisa esinye sezinyathelo zibe izingxenye ezi-2, ingxenye yesibili iqala ukubulawa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kuphela;
2. ukuqokwa kwesikhulu esithile esizoqhuba ukubalwa kwamantongomane;
3. indlela (umbala omhlophe wezakhi) ebonisa ukuthi isici asizange sicaciswe ngokucacile encazelweni yenqubo.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi sesivele sisebenzise yonke le mithetho lapho sithuthukisa imidwebo.

Amazwi okugcina

Ngakho-ke, sidlule izigaba ezi-5 futhi sakhe izinhlobo ezi-3 zemidwebo. Ngizokwengeza ukuphawula okuncane mayelana nenhlangano yamamodeli ethu endaweni yokumodela. Kunenqwaba yezinhlaka ezisiza ukuhlela amamodeli athuthukiswayo, kodwa lokhu akusona isihloko salesi sihloko, ngakho-ke sizozikhawulela kusethi elula yamaphakheji yokuphatha ngokuhlelekile kwephrojekthi yethu: Inqubo Yebhizinisi, Imodeli Yokusebenza. , Izinto zobuciko, Abahlanganyeli kanye Nemvelo (Umfanekiso 14).

Umfanekiso 14. Isakhiwo sephakheji yephrojekthi

Ngakho-ke, senze amamodeli angaguquki achaza isistimu yokubala izinto ezibonakalayo ezicini ezihlukahlukene: imodeli yenqubo yebhizinisi elizenzakalelayo, imodeli yokusebenza kanye nemodeli yenhlangano yangaphakathi yesistimu ezingeni lomqondo.

Ukusuka ekubumbeni inqubo ukuya ekwakhiweni kwesistimu okuzenzakalelayo (Ingxenye 1)

Uhlu lwemithombo

1. Iwebhusayithi "UML2.ru". Umhlaziyi weForamu Yomphakathi. Isigaba esijwayelekile. Izibonelo. Izibonelo zezinganekwane ezifomethwe njengemidwebo ye-UML. [Insiza ye-elekthronikhi] Imodi yokufinyelela: I-inthanethi: http://www.uml2.ru/forum/index.php?topic=486.0
2. Iwebhusayithi yeSparx Systems. [Insiza ye-elekthronikhi] Imodi yokufinyelela: I-inthanethi: https://sparxsystems.com
3. Iwebhusayithi ye-Model. [Insiza ye-elekthronikhi] Imodi yokufinyelela: I-inthanethi: https://www.modelio.org
4. I-Big Encyclopedic Dictionary. Inqubo (ukuhumusha). [Insiza ye-elekthronikhi] Imodi yokufinyelela: I-inthanethi: https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc3p/246322
5. Iwebhusayithi "Inhlangano Yokuphatha Okuphumelelayo". Ibhulogi. Isigaba "Ukuphathwa Kwenqubo Yebhizinisi". Incazelo yenqubo yebhizinisi. [Insiza ye-elekthronikhi] Imodi yokufinyelela: I-inthanethi: https://rzbpm.ru/knowledge/pochemu-processy-stali-s-pristavkoj-biznes.html
6. Isitifiketi No. 18249 sokubhaliswa kanye nediphozithi yomsebenzi wobuhlakani. Alfimov R.V., Zolotukhina E.B., Krasnikova S.A. Umbhalo wesandla wensiza yokufundisa enesihloko esithi “Ukumodela indawo yesifundo usebenzisa i-Enterprise Architect” // 2011.
7. Zolotukhina E.B., Vishnya A.S., Krasnikova S.A. Ukumodela inqubo yebhizinisi. — M.: COURSE, SIC INFRA-M, EBS Znanium.com. - 2017.
8. I-OMG Ulimi Oluhlanganisiwe Lokumodela (OMG UML) Ukucaciswa. Inguqulo 2.5.1. [Insiza ye-elekthronikhi] Imodi yokufinyelela: I-inthanethi: https://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.5.1/PDF

Source: www.habr.com