Abaningi abangaziyo bangaqinisekisa ukuthi ngigxeka kakhulu ezindabeni eziningi, futhi ngandlela thize ngize ngibonise inani elifanelekile le-maximalism. Kunzima ukujabulisa. Ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ezincwadini. Ngivame ukugxeka abalandeli bezinganekwane zesayensi, ezenkolo, izindaba zabaseshi nokunye okuningi okuwumbudane. Ngicabanga ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokunakekela izinto ezibaluleke ngempela futhi uyeke ukuphila ekukhohliseni kokungafi.
Kwenye yezingxoxo nomunye wabangane bami abakhulu, ngemva kokucasuka kwami okulandelayo mayelana neqiniso lokuthi ngangihlale nginikezwa umbhedo ohlukahlukene (insumansumane yesayensi efanayo), wangeluleka ukuba ngisebenzise incwadi ethi “Life 3.0. Ukuba ngumuntu…". Nginamahloni ukuvuma ukuthi ngayilanda kudala futhi angizange ngiyiqaphele, kanye nokukhethwa okuhle kwe-Dynasty Foundation. Kunzima kakhulu kimi ukujabulisa, ngoba... Ngisebenzise izincwadi ezimbalwa impela, ukuyibeka kahle. Kodwa ngiyithandile lena, futhi nganquma hhayi kuphela ukuphendula umbuzo wakhe ukuthi kuwufanele yini ukusebenzela kuyo noma cha, kodwa futhi ukubhala ukubuyekezwa kwami okubucayi, ngoba, naphezu kokuthi le ncwadi ifanelwe ukunakwa, kusekhona okuthile okumele kusetshenzwe ngakho.
Ngingathanda ukukholelwa ukuthi ukubuyekezwa kwami angeke kucwile, njengenjwayelo, ngobuningi bezikhukhula kanye nogaxekile, futhi ngeke kufinyelele abafundi kuphela, kodwa nababhali abazocabangela ukushiyeka emisebenzini elandelayo. Yiqiniso, ngezansi kuphela umbono wami ozimele, kodwa ngizozama ukuwufakazela ngangokunokwenzeka. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi, njengoba kuhlale kuyinhlekelele, asikho isikhathi sayo yonke into futhi eqinisweni, ngiyisigqila esinxilisayo esivamile; nokho-ke, ngikubheka njengomsebenzi wami womphakathi njenge-cosmopolitan ukubhala lesi sibuyekezo, ngoba... Sekuyisikhathi eside nginentshisekelo kulokhu nezinye izihloko eziningi ezihlobene. Ngikholelwa ukuthi okuningi kwalokho okuchazwe ngezansi kuyimisebenzi eyinhloko ebekwe kokubili isintu sisonke kanye nomuntu ngamunye waso. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungase kuzwakale kuqatha kangakanani. Ngakho...
Impilo 3.0. Ukuba ngumuntu
Ukugxeka
Ama-bloopers aqala ngokoqobo emakhasini okuqala encwadi. Ngiyacaphuna:
“Njengoba kwaziwa, kade kungavunyelwana ngendaba yokuthi yini okuthiwa ukuphila. Kuphakanyiswe inombolo enkulu yezincazelo ezihlukile, futhi ezinye zazo zihlanganisa imikhawulo eqinile: isibonelo, ukuba khona kwesakhiwo seselula, okungenzeka singafaki imishini yokucabanga yesikhathi esizayo kanye nempucuko ethile yangaphandle ohlwini lwezinto eziphilayo. Njengoba singafuni ukukhawulela ukucabanga kwethu ngekusasa lokuphila kulezo zinhlobo esesizazi kakade, ake sithathe incazelo ebanzi ngakho ukuze sifake noma iyiphi enye inqubo, inqobo nje uma iyinkimbinkimbi nekhono lokuzikhiqiza. Yini ngempela ekhiqizwa kabusha ayibalulekile kangako (iqukethe ama-athomu), okubalulekile ulwazi (liqukethe izingcezu), okunqunywa isikhundla esihlobene sama-athomu ahlobene nomunye nomunye. Lapho i-bacterium ikopisha i-DNA yayo, awekho ama-athomu amasha adakayo, kodwa ama-athomu akhona ahlelwa ngeketango eliphinda ncamashi elokuqala, ngakho kukopishwa ukwaziswa kuphela. Ngamanye amazwi, singacabanga ngokuphila noma yiluphi uhlelo oluzikhiqizayo olukwazi ukucubungula ulwazi, olulwazi lwalo (“isofthiwe” yalo) olunquma kokubili ukuziphatha kwalo kanye nokwakheka kwalo (“kanzima”).”
Akukho ukuvumelana, kodwa kunemibono ecacile mayelana nokuphila okwamanje. Kungaba kuhle ukujwayelana nabo.
Uma kungenjalo, uma sikwenza kube lula ngale ndlela futhi sisondela kuso kusukela kulesi sikhundla, khona-ke ukuphila kungabangelwa ukukhula kwamakristalu ayinkimbinkimbi akhiqiza kabusha isakhiwo sawo kusuka ku-substrate. Noma, mhlawumbe, ezinye izinqubo zokubunjwa kwamafutha kanye ne-humus, lapho kukhona khona imbewu, okuholela ekuveleni kwama-molecule enzalo efanayo. Lawa, njengokungathi, okhokho bama-enzyme, kodwa kwisayensi yanamuhla ababhekwa njengempilo egcwele, ngoba abakwazi ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Uma kungekho ukuhlukahluka, khona-ke lokhu akuyona impilo. Ngakho-ke, ngiphakamisa ukunciphisa umqondo wempilo kancane, futhi ngicabange kabusha ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izici okungenzeka inazo. Ngiphinde ngitusa isihloko sami esithi: “Ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla okuphila.”
Isicaphuni esilandelayo:
“Ngokulandela Umkhathi ngokwawo, ukuphila kuye kwaba yinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu futhi kuyathakazelisa 4, futhi, njengoba ngizochaza manje, kimina kubonakala kuwusizo ukwethula ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngokuvumelana nazo nezigaba ezintathu zobunkimbinkimbi: Ukuphila 1.0; 2.0 kanye ne-3.0. Ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zihluke kanjani komunye nomunye zingabonakala ngokucacile ngamagama ajwayelekile ku-Fig. 1.1….
Izigaba ezintathu zokuphila: ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwebhayoloji, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwamasiko kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezobuchwepheshe. I-Life 1.0 ayikwazi ukuthonya "kanzima" noma "ithambile" phakathi nokuba khona kwayo
into eyodwa ephilayo: kokubili kunqunywa i-DNA yayo, engashintsha kwesinye isizukulwane iye kwesinye phakathi nenkathi ende yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.”
Lapha, ngokuqonda kwami, kunephutha elikhulu. Kuyacaca ukuthi umbhali akalwazi ucwaningo lwanamuhla mayelana nama-microorganisms. Bangakwazi ukushintsha kokubili okuqinile nesofthiwe yabo. Labo. ukuphila 1, eqinisweni, kungenza into efanayo nokuphila 3. Amagciwane angabamba izingcezu ze-DNA kangcono kunabantu. Lokhu bakwenza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Kuphakathi ngokuqondile, kusukela emvelweni (uma bethola i-DNA yeseli elithile elibhujisiwe), noma ngosizo lwe-bacteriophages nama-plasmids, noma ngokukhiqiza ngokocansi, okwenza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-pil yocansi Ukuhlanganisa ku-bacteria - Wikipedia. Bangakwazi futhi ukusika izindawo ezingadingekile ngokunemba okuqondile. Ngokwesibonelo, sibonga CRISPR. Ngakho-ke, ngisho ne-Life 1.0 ingashintsha kokubili ukuqina kwayo kanye nesofthiwe. Lokhu kungenxa yethu abesaba ama-GMO futhi sikhohlwe ukuthi i-LUCA, ngokwezinga elithile, iyaphila, ibonakala iyinto entsha futhi engakaze izwakale. Silahlekelwe yileli khono, futhi kuma-primates "ahlakaniphile", ukushintsha i-hard drive yabo sekuyinto engathandeki ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, lokhu akukusha, kuyikhohliwe kahle endala. Asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa le parameter uma kuqhathaniswa. Izinga lobunkimbinkimbi liyinto eyodwa, kodwa ukuzishintsha (emazingeni ahlukene obunzima) kungenye. Udinga ukwazi ukuhlukanisa izimpukane kuma-cutlets. Isigaba sidinga ukubuyekezwa kakhulu.
Kodwa lezi kuseyizimbali. Ngabe sengingenalo ithuba lokwenza amabhukumaka. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le ncwadi ithinta izindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu nezomhlaba ngendlela efanele, umlobi uhlakaniphile kakhulu, noma kunjalo, ngokusobala wayentula okuthile ukuze enze ukuhumusha okunekhono futhi afinyelele emibonweni enengqondo yokusebenza kanye neziphetho okungenani zokuqala.
Isibonelo, kwesinye sezigaba ufaka phakathi indlela yakudala yabantu ku-AI, besaba futhi becabangela ukuthi kungenzeka ukukhohliswa kwabantu nge-AI. Yebo, kungenzeka ukuthi uma nje i-AI eqinile, khona-ke ukukhohlisa okunjalo kungenzeka. Kodwa-ke, uma kuwukuhlakanipha okukhulu okwenziwayo (AI), ngakho-ke ukukhohlisa okunjalo akunakwenzeka ukuthi kudingeke. Ukuthi nje ukuhlakanipha okunjalo, ngaphandle kwamanga nobuqili, kuzokwazi ukunikeza abantu abaningi isithembiso abangeke bakwenqabe. Anginalo ithuba lokuchaza konke lapha, kodwa ukuze ngiqonde ukuthi kungani kungenzeka ukuthi i-AI ngeke ithambekele ekukhohliseni, ngincoma ukutadisha, isibonelo, izincwadi zikaMat Ridley. "I-Origin of Altruism and Virtue", futhi enye into, "Ukuvela Kwakho Konke". Ngemva kokuhlaziya le misebenzi, singaphetha ngokuthi ukuphakama kwentuthuko, kukhulu ukuthambekela kokuzidela, ukubambisana kanye nemidlalo engeyona i-zero-sum, kunokuncintisana. Ngakho-ke, lapho ubuhlakani buhlakaniphe, maningi amathuba okuba bube nobuntu futhi buthembeke. Labo. ubuhlakani uqobo lwayo buyisisetshenziswa esinamandla sokuqonda nokusebenzisa abantu hhayi njengezimbangi ezikhohlisiwe, kodwa njengabangane. Thola amandla nobuthakathaka kubantu, unxephezele okwangaphambili futhi usebenzise lokhu kokugcina. Uma singekho isidingo sokubambisana nabantu, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuba kube nesidingo sokuncintisana, ngoba Kukhona izinsiza eziningi zamahhala ezizungeze. Izilwandle zethu zisangenalutho. Isikhala esiningi esingenalutho ngaphansi koMhlaba, sengivele ngithule kwamanye amaplanethi. Ngakho-ke, i-AI yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, etholakala endaweni esebenza kahle kakhulu kunaleyo edalwe ukukhetha okungaboni kumafomu ebhayoloji, izoba nendawo yokuzulazula ngaphandle kokuncintisana nabantu. Izomane ithathe eziningi zalezo zindawo abantu abasasazi, futhi mhlawumbe abasoze bakwazi ukuzifuna. Futhi ngeke akhohlise muntu. Kakade manje, hhayi i-AI kuphela, kodwa ngisho nabantu abavamile abafundile benza indlela ehlukile. Hhayi ukukhohlisa nokufihla, kodwa ukuvuleka okuphezulu, ubuqotho nokubambisana. Abantu abanomqondo ossified, wakudala, nowobusela abakwazi ukukuqonda lokhu. Ngokunokwenzeka, ikhodi ye-AI ngeke nje ibe umthombo ovulekile. Njengekhodi yesoftware yamahhala eningi. Futhi abaduni ngeke bajeziswe futhi bacindezelwe, kodwa bazokhuthazwa ukubika ubungozi bale khodi. Kuyafana nokubulala njengesijeziso namajele. Konke lokhu angeke kwenzeke, ubuganga lobu. Kunemigwaqo emibili yabantu abancishwe amathuba: okokuqala badinga ukufundwa kabanzi, bese kuthi kucatshangelwe futhi kulalelwe ngokuhambisana nabo, ngoba kungaba umbono obalulekile ngokungavamile, noma uphinde ufundise, uphathe, futhi ungajezisi.
Ngokuvamile, ngimelene ngokuphelele nakho konke lokhu kwesaba kanye nemizwa yamaLuddist; isintu kufanele sinikele yonke imizamo yaso ekwakheni ubuhlakani, ngoba empeleni, ubuhlakani bethu bemvelo abuhlakaniphe kakhulu. Ukuthi nje ama-primates amaningi, ayikho enye indlela yokuwabiza, awakuqapheli lokhu. Uma sibuyela ekuchazeni, ngithanda ukufingqa le ngxenye futhi ngiqhubeke. Njengoba sibona, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Tegmark akufanele idwebe ama-analogi futhi idlulisele izakhiwo zomuntu kusuka ekhanda lomuntu ogulayo kuya kwedijithali enempilo: ubuqili, ukukhohlisa, njll, njll, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwezinye zezigaba. akakwazi ukunquma ngokuqonda kwembulunga yonke injongo yokuphila. Lokhu futhi kuyadabukisa kakhulu, futhi kubonisa ukuthi wenza umsebenzi omncane wokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ukube ubesebenze kakhulu, ubengeke abe nenkinga yokuthi yimiphi imigomo, noma, ngisho, ifilosofi nokubeka imigomo, kufanele kumiselwe i-AI. Ngoba Lapho sihlola umhlaba osizungezile, singaphetha ngokuthi cishe yonke into ephilayo, futhi mhlawumbe engaphili, ilwela ukwanda. Izinhlobo eziningi zokuphila ezithuthuke ngokuyinkimbinkimbi zilwela ukuthuthuka okukhulu nakakhulu, ukuzithuthukisa, ukunwetshwa kwethonya lazo kanye nokuxhumana nezinye izinto eziphilayo nezingaphili. Ngakho-ke, cishe i-AI izofinyelela eziphethweni ezifanayo ngokwayo, noma izimiso ezinjalo zizoshunyekwa kuyo. Ngenxa yalokho, uzoqhubeka, njengazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, ukuthuthukisa, ukuthuthukisa nokunqoba izindawo ezintsha, ukuguqula umhlaba hhayi yena kuphela, kodwa futhi nemvelo yakhe.
Uhlu
Uma uhlahle amehlo lapho uzwa kukhulunywa ngokuthathwa komhlaba wonke kuhlonyiwe yi-robot Terminators, khona-ke ukusabela kwakho kunembile: isimo esinjalo asilona neze iqiniso. Lezi
Amarobhothi aseHollywood awakwazi ukuhlakanipha kunathi, noma ahlakaniphe nakancane. Ngokubona kwami, ingozi endabeni ye-Terminator akuyona into engenzeka.
into efanayo, kodwa ukuthi iphazamisa ukunaka kwethu ezingozini zangempela kanye nezingozi ezihlobene nobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Ushintsho olusuka emhlabeni wamanje luye emhlabeni okulo
isandla esiphezulu sinqotshwa ngempela ngobuhlakani bokwenziwa kwendawo yonke, sidinga izinyathelo ezintathu ezinengqondo:
- Isinyathelo 1. Dala i-universal intelligence yokwenziwa (AGI) ezingeni lomuntu.
- Isinyathelo sesi-2. Sebenzisa le AGI ukuze udale ubuhlakani.
- Isinyathelo sesi-3. Sebenzisa i-supertelligence ukuthatha umhlaba noma uwunike ithuba lokuzenzela ngokwakho.
Sesha ngombhalo, indaba efanayo nemithombo yezindaba ebhala ngempi yamarobhothi, njll.
Iziphakamiso zami.
Ngeke ngikhathale ukuphindaphinda, manje wonke umuntu kufanele aphose wonke amandla akhe ekudaleni ingqondo, yingqondo, hhayi ubuhle, noma obunye ubuwula, ngokubona kwami, obuzosindisa Umhlaba. Futhi akufanele uhlukanise le ngqondo (ukuhlakanipha) ngokubeka imingcele - yokwenziwa, yemvelo. Kulesi sigaba, i-AI isencane, ngakho-ke indima yobuhlakani bemvelo, esekelwa ubuchwepheshe, inkulu kakhulu. Awukho umugqa ocacile phakathi kokwenziwa kanye nemvelo. Uma sifuna ukudala ubuhlakani obujwayelekile, hhayi obudala obukhona manje, sidinga ukusebenzisa wonke amathuba, sisebenzise bonke ubuchwepheshe, ngoba... basebenza ngokuphindaphindayo: ubuhlakani bemvelo budala ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, futhi ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, okungenani ezigabeni zokuqala, bazoba nentshisekelo ekwenzeni kube yisimanje kanye nokwandisa amakhono obuhlakani bemvelo.
Ikusasa elinjani engingathanda ukuzibonela lona?
Kuhle ukusho zisuka nje ukuthi lesi isibikezelo sami esinethemba elikhulu njengamanje. Eqinisweni, akunakwenzeka ukuthi emphakathini wethu wakudala ngizokwazi ukuphila ngokuvumelana nakho. Kodwa ngifuna ukukholwa. Ngokwengxenye, ngingathanda ukuthi umphumela wokugcina ufane nefilimu ethi: “Imibuzo Yendawo Yonke: Singaphila phakade?” no-Adam Savage wakwa-Discovery.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka
Abantu abahahayo bazodelela i-AI. Bazoqala ukusebenzisa i-AI ebuthakathaka futhi enamandla, kodwa hhayi ngokweqile, ngezinhloso zabo zobugovu. Yilapho sihlangabezana nenkinga, okuthi, uma inkumbulo yami ingisebenzela kahle, ichazwe kabi encwadini.
Ngicabanga ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siyathanda noma cha, izimpi ezinonya, ezinonya, kodwa ezihlakaniphile zisilindele esikhathini esizayo, ezingeni lamakhodi, ama-memes, izinhlelo, izinkolelo, njll. Kungenzeka kakhulu, azoboniswa ikakhulukazi kumidiya yedijithali eqinisweni elibonakalayo, elizoba ngokoqobo nakakhulu kunokuncane. Ngeke kube khona izisulu noma inyama edwetshiwe enegazi. Impi izoliwa ngemibono yethu, imibono, izahlulelo. Futhi lapho le mpi iqala ngokushesha, kuba ngcono kuwo wonke umuntu. Asikho isidingo sokuyisaba, isiqalile, futhi uma singafuni ukuhlala singabangaphandle, sidinga ukuhlanganyela kukho. Angikhumbuli ukuthi ngakufunda kuphi ukuthi uma ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, cabanga ukuthi awukaze uphile. Kuzwakala kuyindle, futhi obscurantists (abathandi izimbungulu, amahlathi kanye nendle) bazophikisana nami. Kodwa uma zinyathela indle emahlathini futhi zondle omiyane. khona-ke ngeke kudingeke uphikisane nabo. Kuzodingeka siphikisane nabazenzisi abadukile abathi, besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe, bacabange ukuthi kubi futhi konke akulungile, NGENdlela ethile ngeke bayiyeke i-IT esizungezile yonke indawo.
Izixhumanisi nokuxhumana
Umbhali emakhasini encwadi izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa uphakamise ukuthintana naye kuwebhusayithi . Ngingobabili bokuxhumana okunjalo. Ngicabanga ukuthi bobabili abafundi nababhali bangazuza kulokhu. Kodwa ngesizathu esithile ikhasi lami ngesixhumanisi alizange livuleke, kodwa liqondise kabusha kwabanye . Mhlawumbe, uma ngithola isikhathi, ngizozama ukunikeza isixhumanisi kulokhu kubuyekezwa kumlobi wencwadi, naphezu kokuthi isihloko sami singesiRashiya futhi isayithi lingesiNgisi. Ngenhlanhla, kukhona abahumushi be-elekthronikhi. Uzodinga futhi ukubheka, mhlawumbe sekuvele kukhona eminye imibono ewusizo lapho. Futhi okungcono nakakhulu lapha ziminbookprojects.ru. Lokhu cishe inguqulo efanayo yesayithi langaphambilini, kodwa ngesiRashiya. Kodwa, angiqiniseki. Kunoma yikuphi, ngicabanga ukuthi izixhumanisi zifanelwe ukunakwa, njengezihloko eziphakanyisiwe.
Nazi ezinye izingcaphuno ezimbalwa engizithandile:
Kwamakholwa:
"Uma kuvela ukuthi bonke bayayilalela imithetho ye-physics, ngakho-ke umphefumulo awunamthelela ezinhlayiyeni owenziwe ngazo, okusho ukuthi ukwazi kwakho, ingqondo yakho kanye nekhono layo lokulawula ukunyakaza kwakho akukho lutho yenza ngomphefumulo. Uma, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuvela ukuthi izinhlayiya owenziwe ngazo azilaleli imithetho eyaziwayo ye-physics, ngoba ithonya lomphefumulo wakho kubo liphazamisa lokhu, khona-ke le nhlangano entsha kufanele ibe ngokomzimba ngencazelo, bese-ke. sizokwazi ukuyifunda njengoba safunda izinkambu nezinhlayiya esikhathini esidlule."
Iwusizo kakhulu kulabo abahlukanisa isayensi nenkolo. Ukukholelwa ukuthi isayensi akufanele iphazamise inkolo, nenkolo nesayensi. Nokho, kwabashisekeli benkolo abayizimpumputhe, lesi sisho esingenalutho. Kodwa kubantu abangabazayo abakwazi ukucabanga ngendlela enengqondo, umcabango ungaphezu kosizo.
Kososayensi:
“i-genome ye-bacterium Candidatus Carsonella ruddii igcina ulwazi olungafinyelela kumakhilobhayithi angu-40, kuyilapho i-genome yethu yomuntu igcina cishe amagigabhayithi angu-1,6”
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo. Ngizama ukuqoqa lezi. Mhlawumbe kuzoba usizo emsebenzini, noma nje ukuxoxa ngezihloko ze-bioinformatics.
Ngokuvamile, le ncwadi ingase icishe ihlakazwe ngokuphelele ibe izingcaphuno futhi ihlaziywe ngokuningiliziwe, kodwa maye, njengenjwayelo, asikho isikhathi. Ngendlela, umngane owangincoma lo msebenzi akazange aqonde lutho mayelana nengqikithi nencazelo, ngoba... Angiyilalelanga le ncwadi nge-synthesizer yenkulumo, kodwa njenge-audiobook. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye yokunaka kwakhe kwakhokhwa EBUHLENI bezwi lommemezeli, hhayi encazelweni. Sengivele ngithule mayelana nokungenzeki kokucaphuna nezinye izinto eziningi ezingekho kuma-audiobook. Hhayi-ke, lokhu kunjalo, ukukhala okuncane okuvela enhliziyweni, kubathandi be-audiobook. Konke lokhu ngikuchaze kabanzi encwadini yami ethi “Book 3.0. Lalela!
Source: www.habr.com