Konke ukulandelana kwe-DNA yezinhlobo zokuphila ezifundwa ososayensi kugcinwa kusizindalwazi esiphethwe yi-National Center for Biotechnology Information e-United States. Futhi ngo-Ephreli 1, okufakiwe okusha kwavela ku-database: "Caulobacter ethensis-2.0." Lena igenome yokuqala emhlabeni eyenziwe ngekhompyutha futhi yabuye yahlanganiswa yento ephilayo, eyasungulwa ososayensi bakwa-ETH Zurich (ETH Zurich). Nokho, kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi nakuba i-genome yeC.
Umsebenzi wocwaningo wenziwa uBeat Christen, uprofesa wesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, kanye nomfowabo uMatthias Christen, usokhemisi. I-genome entsha, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Caulobacter ethensis-2.0, yadalwa ngokuhlanza nokwenza kahle ikhodi yemvelo ye-bacterium Caulobacter crescentus, ibhaktheriya engenangozi ehlala emanzini ahlanzekile emhlabeni jikelele.
Eminyakeni engaphezu kweshumi edlule, ithimba eliholwa isazi sezakhi zofuzo uCraig Venter lakha amagciwane okuqala βokwenziwaβ. Phakathi nomsebenzi wabo, ososayensi bahlanganisa ikhophi ye-Mycoplasma mycoides genome, yabe isifakwa esitokisini esithwalayo, okwathi ngemva kwalokho sasebenza ngokugcwele futhi sagcina ikhono lokuzikhiqiza.
Ucwaningo olusha luqhubeka nomsebenzi kaKreiger. Uma ngaphambili ososayensi benza imodeli yedijithali ye-DNA yento ephilayo yangempela futhi bahlanganisa i-molecule esekelwe kuyo, iphrojekthi entsha iqhubekela phambili, isebenzisa ikhodi yokuqala ye-DNA. Ososayensi baye bayilungisa kabusha kakhulu ngaphambi kokuyihlanganisa nokuhlola ukusebenza kwayo.
Abacwaningi baqale nge-C. crescentus genome yasekuqaleni, equkethe izakhi zofuzo ezingu-4000. Njengazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, iningi lalezi zakhi zofuzo azinalo ulwazi futhi βziyi-DNA eyimfucumfucuβ. Ngemva kokuhlaziywa, ososayensi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi cishe angu-680 kuphela adingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukuphila kwamagciwane elabhorethri.
Ngemva kokukhipha i-DNA eyimfucumfucu nokuthola i-genome encane ye-C. crescentus, iqembu laqhubeka nomsebenzi walo. I-DNA yezinto eziphilayo ibonakala ngokuba khona kwe-redundancy eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, ehlanganisa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwephrotheni efanayo kufakwe ikhodi yezakhi zofuzo ezihlukene ezingxenyeni eziningana zeketanga. Abacwaningi bathathe indawo engaphezu kwe-1/6 yezinhlamvu ze-DNA ezingu-800 ukuze basuse ikhodi eyimpinda.
"Ngenxa ye-algorithm yethu, sibhale kabusha ngokuphelele i-genome ohlwini olusha lwezinhlamvu ze-DNA ezingasafani neyokuqala," kusho uBeat Christen, umbhali ohamba naye wocwaningo. "Ngasikhathi sinye, umsebenzi webhayoloji ezingeni le-protein synthesis awushintshile."
Ukuhlola ukuthi iketango eliwumphumela lingasebenza kahle yini engqamuzaneni ephilayo, abacwaningi bakhulisa uhlobo lwamabhaktheriya ayenakho kokubili i-Caulobacter genome yemvelo kanye nezingxenye zegenome yokwenziwa ku-DNA yayo. Ososayensi bacime izakhi zofuzo zemvelo ngazinye futhi bahlola ikhono lozakwabo bokwenziwa ukuze benze indima efanayo yezinto eziphilayo. Umphumela wawumangalisa impela: cishe izakhi zofuzo zokwenziwa ezingama-580 kwezingama-680 zabonakala zisebenza.
βNgolwazi esilutholile, sizokwazi ukuthuthukisa i-algorithm yethu futhi sithuthukise inguqulo entsha ye-genome 3.0,β kusho uKristen. "Sikholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze sizodala amangqamuzana ebhaktheriya aphilayo ane-genome yokwenziwa ngokuphelele."
Esigabeni sokuqala, izifundo ezinjalo zizosiza izazi zezakhi zofuzo ukuthi zihlole ukunemba kolwazi lwazo emkhakheni wokuqonda i-DNA kanye nendima yezakhi zofuzo ezikuwo, ngoba noma yiliphi iphutha ekuhlanganisweni kweketango lizoholela eqinisweni lokuthi into ephilayo I-genome entsha izofa noma ibe nesici. Ngokuzayo, zizoholela ekuveleni kwama-microorganisms okwenziwa azodalelwa imisebenzi enqunywe kusengaphambili. Amagciwane okwenziwa azokwazi ukulwa nezihlobo zawo zemvelo, futhi amabhaktheriya akhethekile azokhiqiza amavithamini noma imithi.
Ucwaningo lushicilelwe kumagazini i-PNAS.
Source: 3dnews.ru