Abalawuli bafuna ukwephulwa kwemithetho yokungathembeki. Sithola ukuthi yiziphi izimfuneko zalesi simo, nokuthi yimuphi umbono owakhiwayo emphakathini ngokuphendula okwenzekayo.
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Ngokombono weziphathimandla zase-US, i-Facebook, i-Google ne-Amazon ingabizwa ngokuthi ama-monopolists ngezinga elilodwa noma elinye. Lena inkundla yokuxhumana lapho bonke abangani bahlala khona. Isitolo se-inthanethi lapho unga-oda khona noma yiziphi izimpahla. Nesevisi yokusesha enezimpendulo kuyo yonke imibuzo. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinkampani sekuyisikhathi eside zigwema amacala amakhulu mayelana nalokhu. Ngokuvamile, okwamanje azikho izindlela ezibalulekile ezingakhawulela ukuthengiselana njengokuthenga i-Instagram noma i-WhatsApp.
Kodwa izimo zengqondo ngebhizinisi lezobuchwepheshe seziqala ukushintsha. Abalawuli baseMelika kanye nezinhlangano zikahulumeni ziya ngokuya ziqinisa izikulufu ezinkampanini ezinkulu ze-IT.
Kwenzakalani
Ekuqaleni kwesonto, iziphathimandla zimemezele uphenyo lokungathembeki emisebenzini ye-Facebook, Apple, Google kanye ne-Amazon. Ngokusho kuka-Attorney General William Barr, umsebenzi wabalawuli ukuthola ukuthi izinkampani ze-IT zisebenzisa budedengu isikhundla sazo esikhulu emakethe. Uphenyo luzokwenziwa yi-Federal Trade Commission (FTC) kanye noMnyango Wezobulungiswa wase-US, futhi i-FTC isivele ithimba lochwepheshe lokuqapha imisebenzi yezinkampani zobuchwepheshe.
Umsebenzi waleli qembu elisebenzayo usuvele uyabonakala. Ekuqaleni kweviki le-FTC I-Facebook izokhokha ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5 ngokuphulwa okuhlobene nokuvuza kwedatha yomuntu siqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkundla yezokuxhumana kuzodingeka idale ikomidi elizimele elizonquma izindaba zobumfihlo ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kukaMark Zuckerberg.
Ngaphezu koMnyango Wezobulungiswa kanye ne-FTC, ikhomishana yeNdlu Yabamele yase-US yaqala uphenyo lwayo ezinkampanini ze-IT. Maphakathi noJulayi, abaphathi abaphezulu bebhizinisi esakhiweni sikaKhongolose njengengxenye yohlelo "lokunqamula iSilicon Valley monopoly."
Iyini imibono?
Izinyathelo zabalawuli zisekelwa izishayamthetho. USenator Lindsey Graham uthe ibhizinisi lezobuchwepheshe linamandla amakhulu nethuba elinganqunyelwe. Wayesekelwa nguDemocrat uRichard Blumenthal. Naye, wafuna ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo ezinqala ngokumelene nezinkampani ze-IT ezingeni likahulumeni.
Njengesilinganiso esisodwa esinjalo, ezinye izinqubomgomo phoqa i-Facebook ukuthi ihlukanise ukuphathwa kwezinsizakalo ezifana ne-Instagram ne-WhatsApp ezingeni elisemthethweni. Lo mbono ngisho nomsunguli wenkundla yezokuxhumana (Chris Hughes). Ngokubona kwakhe, inkampani inamasethi amakhulu kakhulu edatha etholakalayo. Akunakwenzeka ukuwaphatha endaweni eyodwa ngenkathi uhlinzeka ngezinga eliphezulu lokuvikela.
Kulesi sitatimende, uMark Zuckerberg uphendule ngokuthi ukuhlukana ngeke kusize ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga. I-"giantism" ye-Facebook, ngokuphambene nalokho, isiza inkampani ukuthi itshale imali enkulu ekuvikelekeni kwedatha. Ngokuvamile, leli phuzu lokubuka labiwe ngabamele i-Google, i-Apple ne-Amazon. Bona ukuthi izinkampani zithole indawo yazo phezulu kwephiramidi yobuchwepheshe futhi zenza konke ezingakwenza ukuze zihlale lapho.
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Naphezu kokusekelwa okubanzi kwezinhlelo zeKhomishini Yezohwebo kanye noMnyango Wezobulungiswa, kunombono emphakathini wokuthi ukuqulwa kwamacala amasha kuzophela lutho. Kwenzeka okufanayo ngo-2013 ngokumelene ne-Google, kodwa inkampani ayizange ijeziswe. Ngalesi sikhathi isimo singase sithathe indlela ehlukile - njengengxabano, ochwepheshe bacaphuna inhlawulo eshiwo kakade ekhishwe yiqembu le-FTC, eyaba enkulu kunazo zonke emlandweni we-bureau.
Ongakulindela
Izinyathelo ezintsha zokwenza buthaka ithonya lezinkampani ze-IT ziyavela eYurophu. Ngakho, ngo-April walo nyaka, i-European Commission mayelana nenhloso yokuthuthukisa imithetho eqinile yezinkampani ezinkulu ze-IT ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukuncintisana emakethe.
Ekuqaleni konyaka, i-German Federal Antimonopoly Service I-Facebook izohlanganisa idatha yomuntu siqu eqoqwe kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene ibe iphuli eyodwa ngaphandle kwemvume yomsebenzisi. Ngokusho komlawuli, lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukuphepha kwedatha yomuntu siqu. Izinyathelo ezifanayo yiKhomishini YaseYurophu bamba i-Amazon ne-Apple.
Kusenzima ukusho ukuthi imiphumela yalezi zenzo e-United States naseYurophu izoholelaphi. Kepha mancane amathuba okuthi zethulwe ngesikhathi esisodwa - amacala adlule abhekene ne-Google acatshangelwa eminyakeni eminingana. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinqubo zisazogcinwa.
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Source: www.habr.com