Imiphumela yevoti kumasistimu e-Debian init ifinyeziwe

Ishicilelwe Imiphumela ukuvota jikelele (GR, ukuxazululwa okujwayelekile) konjiniyela bephrojekthi ye-Debian ababambe iqhaza ekugcinweni kwephakheji nokugcinwa kwengqalasizinda, okwenziwa endabeni yokuxhasa amasistimu amaningi e-init. Into yesibili (“B”) ohlwini oluwinile - i-systemd isalokhu ithandwa, kodwa amathuba okugcina ezinye izinhlelo zokuqalisa asekhona. Ukuvota kwenziwa kusetshenziswa indlela Condorcet, lapho umvoti ngamunye eklelisa zonke izinketho ngokulandelana kwazo, futhi lapho kubalwa umphumela, kuyacatshangelwa ukuthi bangaki abavoti abakhetha inketho eyodwa kunenye.

Isiphakamiso esiphumelelayo sivuma ukuthi amayunithi esevisi esistimu ayindlela encanyelwayo yokumisa ama-daemon namasevisi ukuze asebenze, kodwa siyavuma ukuthi kunezindawo lapho onjiniyela nabasebenzisi bengakha futhi basebenzise ezinye izinhlelo ze-init nezinye ezisebenzayo kumakhono e-systemd. Abathuthukisi bezinye izixazululo badinga izinsiza ukuze benze umsebenzi wabo futhi bafomethe amaphakheji abo. Ezinye izixazululo ezifana ne-elogind yokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziboshelwe ku-systemd-specific interface zihlala zibalulekile kuphrojekthi. Ukweseka lezi zinhlelo kudinga usizo ezindaweni lapho ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obunye buphambana nayo yonke iphrojekthi, njengokulibaziseka kokubuyekezwa kweziqephu kanye nengxoxo.

Amaphakheji angafaka womabili amafayela eyunithi ye-systemd kanye nemibhalo ye-init yamasevisi okuqala. Amaphakheji angase asebenzise noma yiziphi izici zesistimu ezifiswa ngumnakekeli wephakheji, inqobo nje uma izici zithobela imithetho ye-Debian futhi zingaboshelwe kuzici ezihlolwayo noma ezingasekelwe ze-Debian kwamanye amaphakheji. Ngokungeziwe ku-systemd, amaphakheji angase futhi afake ukusekela kwezinye izinhlelo ze-init futhi anikeze izingxenye ezizothatha indawo ye-systemd-specific interfaces. Izinqumo ezimayelana nokufakwa kweziqephu zenziwa ngabanakekeli njengengxenye yezinqubo ezijwayelekile. U-Debian uzibophezele ekusebenzeni nokusatshalaliswa kokuphuma kokunye okukhetha ukusebenzisa ezinye izinhlelo ze-init, kodwa ukusebenzisana kwakhelwa ezingeni lomnakekeli, okwenza izinqumo mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izici ezilungiselelwe ukusatshalaliswa kwezinkampani zangaphandle ezamukelwa ekwakhiweni kwe-Debian okuyinhloko nokuthi yiziphi ezisele. ekusabalaliseni kokuphuma kokunye.

Masikhumbule ukuthi ngo-2014 ikomiti lezobuchwepheshe kugunyaziwe inguquko ukusatshalaliswa okuzenzakalelayo ku-systemd, kodwa hhayi kwasebenza izinqumo eziphathelene nokusekelwa kwezinhlelo eziningi zokuhlinzeka (into ebonisa ukungafuni kwekomiti ukuthatha isinqumo ngalolu daba iphumelele ivoti). Umholi wekomiti uncome ukuthi abalondolozi bephakheji balondoloze ukwesekwa kwe-sysvinit njengenye indlela ye-init, kodwa wabonisa ukuthi akakwazi ukubeka umbono wakhe nokuthi isinqumo kufanele senziwe ngokuzimela esimweni ngasinye.

Ngemva kwalokhu, abanye onjiniyela bazama ukuzama ukufeza ivoti elijwayelekile, kodwa ukuvota kokuqala kwabonisa ukuthi sasingekho isidingo sokwenza isinqumo mayelana nodaba lokusebenzisa izinhlelo eziningi zokuqalisa. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, ngemva izinkinga ngokufakwa kwephakheji ye-elogind (edingekayo ekusebenziseni i-GNOME ngaphandle kwe-systemd) egatsheni lokuhlola ngenxa yokungqubuzana ne-libsystemd, le nkinga yaphinde yaphakanyiswa umholi wephrojekthi ye-Debian, njengoba abathuthukisi abakwazanga ukuvumelana, futhi ukuxhumana kwabo kwaphenduka i-libsystemd. ukubhekana futhi wafinyelela ekugcineni.

Izinketho ezicatshangelwayo:

Okugxilwe kakhulu ku-systemd. Ukunikeza usekelo lwamanye amasistimu e-init akuyona into ehamba phambili, kodwa abagcini bangase bafake phakathi izikripthi ze-init zamasistimu anjalo kumaphakheji.

i-systemd isalokhu ikhethwa, kodwa amathuba okugcina amasistimu okuqalisa asele. Ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-elogind, obuvumela izinhlelo zokusebenza eziboshelwe ku-systemd ukuthi zisebenze kwezinye izindawo, zibonwa njengezibalulekile. Amaphakheji angase afake amafayela e-init kwamanye amasistimu.

Ukusekelwa kwezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ze-init kanye nekhono lokuqalisa i-Debian ngamasistimu e-init ngaphandle kwe-systemd.
Ukuze uqalise izinsiza, amaphakheji kufanele ahlanganise nemibhalo ye-init; ukunikeza kuphela amafayela eyunithi ye-systemd ngaphandle kwemibhalo ye-sysv init akwamukelekile.

Ukusekela amasistimu angasebenzisi i-systemd, kodwa ngaphandle kokwenza izinguquko ezingakhinyabeza intuthuko. Onjiniyela bayavuma ukusekela amasistimu amaningi e-init esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo, kodwa futhi bakholelwa ukuthi kuyadingeka ukusebenzela ukuthuthukisa ukwesekwa kwe-systemd. Ukuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa kwezixazululo ezithile kufanele kushiyelwe emiphakathini enentshisekelo kulezo zixazululo, kodwa abanye abanakekeli kufanele basize futhi bafake isandla ekuxazululeni izinkinga lapho kuphakama isidingo. Ngokufanelekile, amaphakheji kufanele asebenze kusetshenziswa noma iyiphi isistimu ye-init, engazuzwa ngokuhlinzeka ngemibhalo ye-init evamile noma ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela eziwavumela ukuthi asebenze ngaphandle kwe-systemd. Ukungakwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kwe-systemd kuthathwa njengesiphazamisi, kodwa hhayi isiphazamisi sokuvimbela ukukhululwa, ngaphandle uma kunesixazululo esenziwe ngomumo sokusebenza ngaphandle kwe-systemd, kodwa senqatshelwe ukugcinwa (ngokwesibonelo, uma inkinga ibangelwa ukususwa kombhalo we-init ohlinzekwe ngaphambilini).

Isekela ukuphatheka ngaphandle kokwethula izinguquko ezithikameza ukuthuthukiswa. I-Debian iyaqhubeka nokubonakala njengebhuloho lokuhlanganisa isofthiwe ehlukile ehlinzeka ngokusebenza okufanayo noma okufanayo. Ukuphatheka phakathi kwezingxenyekazi zezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha nezitaki zesofthiwe kuwumgomo obalulekile, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kobunye ubuchwepheshe kuyakhuthazwa, ngisho noma umbono womhlaba wabadali bazo uhluka ekuvumelaneni okuvamile. Isikhundla esiphathelene ne-systemd nezinye izinhlelo zokuqalisa sihambisana ngokuphelele nephuzu lesi-4.

Ukwenza usekelo lwamasistimu okuqalisa amaningi lube yisibopho. Ukunikeza amandla okusebenzisa i-Debian ngamasistimu e-init ngaphandle kwe-systemd kuyaqhubeka nokubaluleka kuphrojekthi. Iphakheji ngayinye kufanele isebenze nezibambi ze-pid1 ngaphandle kwe-systemd, ngaphandle uma isofthiwe efakwe kuphakheji ekuqaleni yayihloselwe ukusebenza kuphela ne-systemd futhi ayisekeli ukusebenza ngaphandle kwe-systemd (ukungabikho kwemibhalo ye-init akubalwa njengokuhloselwe ukusebenza ne-systemd kuphela) .

Isekela ukuphatheka nokusebenzisa okuningi. Izimiso ezijwayelekile zifana ncamashi nephuzu lesi-5, kodwa azikho izidingo ezithile zesistimu ye-systemd ne-init, futhi azikho izibopho ezibekwayo kubathuthukisi. Onjiniyela bakhuthazwa ukuthi bacabangele izintshisekelo zomunye nomunye, benze ukuvumelana futhi bathole izixazululo ezifanayo ezigculisayo kumaqembu ahlukahlukene.

Iqhubeke ingxoxo. Into ingasetshenziselwa ukwehlisa izinketho ezingamukeleki.

Source: opennet.ru