Ukufunda isiNgisi emidlalweni nezincwadi kuyajabulisa futhi kusebenza kahle. Futhi uma igeyimu nencwadi kuhlanganiswe kwaba uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula olulodwa, kubuye kube lula. Kwenzeka ukuthi phakathi nonyaka odlule kancane kancane ngijwayelane nohlobo “lwezincwadi zemidlalo” ephathwayo; Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokwazana, ngikulungele ukuvuma ukuthi leli yigatsha elithokozisayo, lokuqala futhi elingaziwa kakhulu lemidlalo noma izincwadi. Kulesi sihloko sokuhlola se-Skyeng, ngizothintitha emandulo "yemidlalo" ngokubuyekeza abameleli abathakazelisa kakhulu bohlobo nabashicileli babo.
Kodwa okokuqala, umlando omncane.
Esikhathini eside esidlule, emuva ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, ngasebenzisa izincwadi nemidlalo yekhompiyutha ukuze ngihlanganise ulwazi lolimi lwesiNgisi engangiluthola esikoleni. Kwakuyisikhathi sangaphambi kwe-inthanethi, ngakho-ke izincwadi zenziwa ngephepha futhi amathoyizi enziwe ngama-floppy disk. Lezi zindlela zazinobuhle nobubi bazo. Lezi zincwadi kwakulula ukuzithola, zazinolwazi lwamagama olucebile, futhi ekugcineni, zazingafundwa noma kuphi nanoma nini; ngakolunye uhlangothi, zibonakala ngokuzikhethela okuthile - uma bengingakuqondi okuthile, ngeqa, ngethemba lokuthi ngizokuthola kamuva: angikwazi ukuthola isichazamazwi endleleni ehamba ngaphansi. Amathoyizi (futhi lezi kwakuyizimfuno) azizange zikuthethelele ukunganaki okunjalo - uma ungaqondi okuthile, awuzange uqhubeke, ulahlekelwe isikhathi esiyigugu sekhompyutha, ngenxa yalokho - ukunakwa okuphezulu nokufunda okuphumelelayo kwamagama amasha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiyalo kwakudingeka ifakwe embhalweni, ngakho kwakungenakwenzeka ukwenza amaphutha ngamazwi. Olunye uhlangothi lwemali ukuthi kunemibhalo embalwa emidlalweni, futhi ikhwalithi yabo ayizange ihlale ilungile.
Manje njengoba sesinamakhompuyutha emaphaketheni ethu anamandla aphindwe kamakhulu kunama-286s amadala, singakwazi ukufunda nokudlala noma yikuphi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Siphinde sibe nethuba lokuhlanganisa izinzuzo zokufunda ulimi ezincwadini nasemidlalweni, sisebenzisa “izincwadi zegeyimu” - izincwadi ezinezici zegeyimu. Lapha, ngemva kwesahluko ngasinye, ukhetha ukuqhubeka nesakhiwo, futhi ukuze ukukhetha kube okulungile, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani. Sizokhuluma ngabo.
Udaba lwamagama
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezifanayo kakhulu - izinganekwane ezisebenzisanayo (sivame ukuzibiza ngokuthi “izimfuno zombhalo”) kanye nezincwadi zegeyimu (ezaziwa nangokuthi khetha izincwadi zakho zokuzidela, izincwadi ezinesakhiwo segatsha). Muva nje, lezi zenzakalo sezicishe zahlangana zaba yinto eyodwa, kodwa izimpande zazo zihluke kakhulu.
Izinganekwane ezisebenzisanayo zasungulwa abahleli bohlelo, futhi konke kwaqala nge-Adventure, eyanika lolu hlobo igama layo. Ngemuva kwe-Adventure kube nama-Zorks, kwase kuba yi-Kings kanye ne-Space Quest, kwase kuthi kancane kancane kwavela i-Full Throttle. “Ezimfuno zombhalo” zakudala, esikhundleni sesithombe kunombhalo, esikhundleni sokuchofoza esikrinini udinga ukubhala imiyalo yombhalo (“vula umnyango”, “thatha ifosholo”), futhi isatholakala ngendlela eyodwa noma enye. . Ngolunye usuku ngizobhala isihloko mayelana nesimo sabo samanje, kodwa okwamanje ngingakwazi ukudlulisela labo abanentshisekelo emsebenzini wami eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule kumagazini "Izwe Lemidlalo", etholakala ku- (isixwayiso: izincwadi eziningi!).
"I-Gamebooks" yabonakala njengendlela yokubhala, yasungulwa ngababhali, yathengiswa ezitolo zezincwadi emuva kuma-30s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Lezi yizincwadi zephepha ezijwayelekile lapho umfundi enikezwa khona inkululeko encane yokukhetha ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo. Ekupheleni kwesahluko ngasinye, uyanquma ukuthi yini ezokwenzeka ngokulandelayo futhi athole ikhasi elifanele. Ngawo-70s, baphinde bavela, baqhubekela emidlalweni yokudlala indima ye-tabletop, babenezimpi zamadayisi, amakhadi anama-chips anyakazayo nezinye izimfanelo zomdlalo, kodwa isisekelo sahlala siyisakhiwo sokubhala (nakuba singewona ubuciko obuhle), i-Adventure ayengenayo. konke .
Leli fa liholele komunye umehluko phakathi kwe-IF nezincwadi zegeyimu. Ku-IF, umdlali ubenenkululeko ethile yokwenza engxenyeni ngayinye yegeyimu (angakwazi ukuhlola izindawo, ahambe phakathi kwazo, asebenzise izinto futhi axazulule izindida), kodwa ngokuvamile icebo lihlala liqondile futhi ngokushesha noma kamuva liholele kokukodwa. isiphetho. Emabhukwini egeyimu, cishe ayikho inkululeko yokwenza phakathi kwezahluko, kodwa phakathi kwazo udinga ukwenza izinqumo ezihlanganisa indaba, futhi kuhlala kuneziphetho ezimbalwa.
Manje izindlela zalezi zikhombisi-ndlela ezimbili ezihlukene ziye zawela futhi zahlangana, kodwa ngenxa yokucaca kulo mbhalo ngizokhuluma kuphela ngezincwadi zegeyimu.
Ngakho-ke, hamba!
Inkampani encane yaseMelika egxile ezindabeni ezisekelwe emibhalweni kuphela ezinomklamo omncane. Ingxenye yemibhalo ingaphambili lapha; lezi yizincwadi zangempela, lapho izinqumo zakho zithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo, kodwa lapho ungeke "ulahlekelwe", ungafinyelela kuphela iziphetho ezahlukene. Umphumela wale ndlela ukunaka kakhulu izinga lesakhiwo nolimi. Umphumela ongemuhle ukuthi akukho okumele ukwenze lapha uma ungaqondi okushiwoyo, ngakho-ke afaneleka kakhulu Izinga Elithuthukisiwe lolwazi lolimi.
I-Choice of Games ivule ulimi lwayo lokubhala ukuze kubhalwe “izincwadi zegatsha” ezinjengalezi kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi abantu abaningi basebenzise ithuba layo. Izincwadi zabo ziyathengiswa noma zinikezwe mahhala ngaphansi kwelebula .
Ama-gamebook ayatholakala kuwo wonke amapulatifomu, futhi izahluko zokuqala zingafundwa mahhala esipheqululini - okuyinto elula uma unayo. ye-Chrome: ungakwazi ukuhumusha imibhalo futhi wengeze amagama azofundwa.
Ngokuvamile, zonke izincwadi ze-Choice of Games zilungile. Ungaqala ngendalo yabo yokuqala , kanye nefilosofi ; Akulula ukukhetha izincomo ezimbalwa lapha.
Umkhiqizo ovela ku-Host, i.e. ibhalwe ngumbhali ozisebenzelayo, kodwa lo mbhali, uHeather Albano, wayebhale izincwadi ezimbalwa “ezisemthethweni” ze-CoG. I-hodgepodge enolaka neyimpumelelo emangalisayo ka-Sherlock Holmes, u-Jack the Ripper, u-Jekyll no-Hyde, inganekwane yakudala, i-Victorian England kanye ne-steampunk. Indaba iyathakazelisa, igcwele ukusonteka okungalindelekile nezimfoloko zesakhiwo. Inketho enhle kakhulu yokuqala ukujwayelana nohlobo ozolufunda futhi uphinde ulufunde, ushintsha indaba isikhathi ngasinye. Ukwengeza isisusa sokuphinda ukudlala, kukhona "impumelelo" evulwa ngokwenza izinto ezithile ozenzayo.
Ibhuku legeyimu elixoxa indaba yempilo yekati (noma amakati) elithathwe ekhaya lisuka endaweni yokukhosela. Kufanele unqume ukuthi uzongena yini kuthreyi noma ezicathulweni zakho, uphonsa isitsha eshalofini noma uguqe ngamadolo, uvume ukudla ukudla noma ulinde i-foie gras. Kubukeka sengathi impilo yekati ayigcwele neze izehlakalo, kodwa leli yibhuku legeyimu eligqama kakhulu kukhathalogi ye-CoG: kunamagama ayizinkulungwane ezingama-600, ngaphezu kweMpi Nokuthula. Okudingekayo kubathandi bekati.
Inkampani yaseMexico ebeke umzamo omkhulu nothando ekuthuthukisweni kwenjini, kodwa ilandela kakhulu izimbangi zayo mayelana nokuqukethwe. Izincwadi (lapha ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-pathbooks) ziqala ngeziqalo ezithakazelisayo, lapho ulindele khona into enkulu futhi ethakazelisayo, kodwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala kufika isiphetho esingazelelwe, esishwabene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umfundi akanawo amathuba amaningi ngandlela-thile abe nomthelela esakhiweni - kunezimfoloko ezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha encwadini, zenzeka ezindaweni ezingavamile futhi ithonya labo endabeni alibonakali. Nokho, zonke lezi zincwadi zingafundwa kanye (futhi ngezinye izikhathi nangaphezulu) mahhala, futhi usayizi wazo omncane ungase ukhange kubafundi bolimi. Kukhona nezincwadi zemidlalo zezingane!
Abantu Abadala: Amaphutha Adlule (, ) iyi-noir esethwe esikhathini esizayo se-dystopian yangemva kweMpi Yezwe 3, enesimo esicishe sifane nesika-Dick's The Man in the High Castle. Ngeshwa, konke kugcina ngesilungiselelo. - indaba mayelana ne-adventure eyinqaba ehlathini, engahlangene nakancane nesakhiwo.
Izingane: - ukuboniswa okungazelelwe ukuthi encwadini yezingane indlela yesakhiwo esifushane nelula isebenza kahle kakhulu.
Abadali abavela e-Barcelona, ngaphezu kwamabhuku egeyimu, futhi badale izinkambo zasemnyuziyamu ezisebenzisanayo. Saqala “ngezincwadi zegatsha” zakudala (Deadman Diaries), kodwa ngomculo nemiklamo ecebile, futhi manje sesizithuthukisele isistimu yethu yokulingisa ngamadayisi futhi sibhala amafilimu esenzo amangalisayo (Heavy Metal Thunder). Naphezu kokuthi ingxenye yesithathu ibonakala ihlelwe, lezi filimu zesenzo azisebenzi ku-Android yesikhombisa, ngakho-ke ngeke ngibhale ngazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iCubus inomkhiqizo ongenakuqhathaniswa ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokulwa nokulwa okungahleliwe.
Izimpi zaseFrankenstein
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Mhlawumbe ibhuku legeyimu elingcono kakhulu kuleli qoqo lixoxa indaba yomunye umlando we-France yekhulu le-XNUMX, lapho abaguquli bezinguquko bathola idayari ye-Frankenstein, bafunda ukwenza izilo emasosheni awile, futhi bavuselela isidumbu sikaNapoleon, bamenza u-Darth Vader emanzini. Abalingiswa ababili abakhulu bangabafowabo, okuthi ngokudalelwa, bazithole sebesezinhlangothini eziphambene ngaphambili. Noma labo abazithola besohlangothini olufanayo kukuwe ukuthi unqume; okuningi kulo msebenzi kungashintsha kakhulu ngesinqumo somfundi. Kukhona futhi ukudutshulwa kombhalo, impi yeqhinga lombhalo kanye nengoma emnandi. Kwesinye isikhathi isibali sikhathi siyavula: ezinye izigaba kufanele zidlule ngokushesha; Uma ulwazi lwakho lolimi lunganele, lokhu kungabangela ubunzima.
Abafana abancane abavela eCambridge, abadali babo benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuzenza imidlalo “yangempela”, kusale izincwadi zegeyimu ze-de facto. Kunezithombe eziningi, izithombe, umsindo, imiphumela kanye nazo zonke ezinye izinsimbi namakhwela okungenakwenzeka ezincwadini zamaphepha, kodwa noma kunjalo isakhiwo singaphansi kwezinqumo zakho, futhi lezi zinqumo kufanele zenziwe ngokusekelwe kumbhalo owufundile. U-Inkle usebenzisana ngokugcwele nabakhiqizi begeyimu nabashicileli - bakha amaphrojekthi wePenguin USA, okuhlanganisa, isibonelo, isicelo sokubamba ngekhanda izinkondlo zesiNgisi. , futhi ubhale futhi izingxoxo zamathoyizi usebenzisa i-open yabo . Ngenxa yokuthi abafana bancane futhi bane-hip, imidlalo yabo ikhululwa kuqala nge-iOS, futhi kuphela, uma benenhlanhla, kwezinye izinkundla.
Ibhuku legeyimu elisuselwe kokuthi “Emhlabeni Wonke Ngezinsuku Ezingu-80”, elithatha indlela ekhululekile yomthombo. Empeleni, izinsuku ezingu-80 zikaJules Verne zisele lapha, kanye nezigigaba ezimbalwa ezivela emisebenzini yakhe ehlukahlukene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umhlaba lapho ukuhamba kwe-Passepartout (wena) kanye ne-Fogg kuthathwe kusiko le-steampunk - izitimela ezingaphansi kwamanzi zisuka eLondon ziya eParis, izindiza ze-steam ziyandiza, izisebenzi zilawulwa amarobhothi, futhi izimangaliso ze-chrome-shiny zobuchwepheshe zikhona yonke indawo. Empeleni, isici esiyinhloko somdlalo ukuhlola umhlaba wawo phakathi nohambo. Ungalahlekelwa uma ungenaso isikhathi sokufinyelela entanjeni, noma uma uphelelwa yimali noma impilo - kodwa lokhu akunandaba nhlobo, ngoba uhambo ngalunye olusha luhluke kakhulu koludlule, kunamakhulu yezindlela ezingenzeka emhlabeni jikelele. Futhi, ngendlela, lena iqhawe ngokwenani lamagama kuleli qoqo: kukhona izinkulungwane ezingama-750, cishe eyodwa nengxenye "Impi Nokuthula"!
Ukushintshwa kwencwadi yakudala ka-Steve Jackson yeminyaka yawo-80 i-RPG, ingxenye yochungechunge lwe-Fighting Fantasy (eyabhalwa uJackson eno-Ian Livingstone, omunye wabasunguli be-Games Workshop). Izakhi zegeyimu lapha zithatha indawo enkulu, udinga ukuqapha impilo yakho futhi ulwe nezitha ngenkemba nangomlingo, kodwa isisekelo sisengumbhalo; Izimpi eziningi zingagwenywa ngokufunda ngokucophelela indaba, futhi ezimpini udinga ukunaka amacebo ombhalo ukuze uqagele ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu ongayisebenzisa. Iziphonso zomlingo ziqoqwa ezincwadini, kuneziphonso eziningi, futhi kufanele zibambe ngekhanda; noma kunjalo, afana namagama, angaba usizo lapho ufunda ulimi (HOT - fireball, FOG - blinding, njll.). Izingxenye ezine (kwakukhona nezincwadi ezine) zixhumene, ngakho-ke udinga ukuqala kusukela ekuqaleni. Kungase kubonakale kufushane kancane ngamadola amahlanu, kodwa kubeka isisekelo futhi kuba mnandi kakhulu kusukela lapho.
Nokho, njengebhonasi - idemo yedeskithophu yamahhala yenjini ye-Ink ebizwa . Leli yibhuku legeyimu elisebenzisekayo elingaphezu kwesigamu sehora.
Izincwadi zegeyimu zekhompyutha zakudala - Inkampani yase-Australia i-Tin Man Games. Laba bafana be-gamebook badle izinja ezingaphezu kweyodwa, futhi uma u-Inkle ngandlela thize ekwazile ukuthola izandla zabo ku-Sorcery!, khona-ke yonke enye into evela ku-Fighting Fantasy ikhona lapho, kanye nemidlalo yabo eminingi. Futhi lena imidlalo yokulingisa kakhulu kunezincwadi - inohlelo lokudlala indima, noma olwakudala, umlingisi unemishini, futhi uhlala ehileleka ezimpini (zingagwenywa, kodwa kulokhu udinga ukuthuthukisa. amakhono athile bese ugoqa idayisi futhi). Ekuqaleni kwendima, ungakhetha izinga lobunzima, kusukela kwesihluku ngaphandle kwekhono "lokupheqela emuva" "kumfundi", lapho zonke izimpi zixazululwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuvuna kwakho. Ngincoma ukukhetha inketho phakathi (ngenombolo engenamkhawulo "yamabhukumaka") - ukufaneleka kwemibhalo yale misebenzi akushaqisi kakhulu, kodwa kusebenza kahle njengengxenye yomdlalo.
I-GA iwuchungechunge lwe-Gamebook Adventures, umkhiqizo ohamba phambili we-Tin Man Games; imidlalo ekuyo ayinaso isakhiwo esingaguquki, ngakho-ke kufanele uqale ngeyakamuva. Umlingiswa oyinhloko, umazisi omncane, uthunyelwa ukuze athole izimo zokunyamalala okungaqondakali kwenxusa kuthishanhloko ongumakhelwane; Njengoba esefikile, uzithola ekwalasha wezenzakalo eziyinqaba ezizungeze ukuvuselelwa kukankulunkulu u-Azuria. Umdlalo mkhulu, isakhiwo sibhalwe kahle, futhi isilungiselelo ngokwaso asijwayelekile (futhi siba esingajwayelekile njengoba siqhubeka). Nokho, ukuhlanganisa uhlelo lokudlala indima oluthuthukiswe kahle lwe-Tin Man Games, lapho ungazama khona ukugawula yonke into ngobulima ngembazo, noma ungafunda imibhalo futhi ubheke amasu okusebenza. Kukhona ama-glitches amancane angabalulekile, kodwa lokhu kulindelekile emsebenzini omkhulu kangaka kanye namagatsha.
Ukuthatha okungalindelekile kwemidlalo yakudala ye-Tin Man Games: inguqulo ye-elekthronikhi yencwadi yegeyimu yephepha kaRyan North, lapho aqoqela khona imali ngempumelelo kakhulu ku-Kickstarter. Ukulandisa okuhlanyayo nokuhlekisayo okumangalisayo kwe-Hamlet, lapho "ungadlala" njengoHamlet, u-Ophelia noyise kaHamlet (okubikezelwa ukuthi uyisithunzi sakhe ngokushesha). Lena iphrojekthi yemibhalo, hhayi umdlalo, kodwa kunezinketho eziningi zokuthuthukisa isakhiwo. Ulwazi lwakudala luyafiseleka ekuqondeni amahlaya ngamanye, nokho, ukuze kube lula, "itulo likaShakespearean" limakwe ngogebhezi luka-Yorick ezikrinini zokukhetha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuneziphetho ezingaphezu kwekhulu, okuhlanganisa ukusungulwa kuka-Ophelia kokushisa okuphakathi kanye nezigigaba zangaphansi kwamanzi zesithunzi sikayise kaHamlet, owavele wanquma ukuba ichthyologist. By the way, ukuqhubeka mayelana Romeo and Juliet .
I-IP evela esifundeni sase-Washington, i-Sam Landstrom's Delight Games iwuhlobo lwe-"Tin Man for the poor." Lena futhi imidlalo yokulingisa izincwadi, kodwa utshani lapha buphansi futhi amanzi mancane. Kodwa konke kungenzeka kumodi ye-“freemium”: iqedele ingxenye eyodwa yochungechunge, “izinhlamvu zemali” eziqoqiwe, yavula elandelayo - noma yathenga “izinhlamvu zemali” ngemali yangempela (baphinde bayiphonse uma uvula uhlelo lokusebenza nsuku zonke). USam ungumbhali onekhono, unochungechunge oluningi, futhi uheha nabantu bangaphandle. Zonke zikude nezinkanyezi, ngakho asikho isidingo sokulinda ukutholwa kwemibhalo. Kodwa ungawathola kuphi futhi amabhuku egeyimu amaningi kangaka ezinhlobo ezahlukene zezithameli ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa nezingane?
Lokhu kuphetha isibuyekezo sanamuhla. Nokho, njengoba lesi kuyisihloko sokuhlola, ngizobonga kakhulu ngokuphawula: sifuna ukuqonda ukuthi imibhalo enjalo ithakazelisa kangakanani ngokujwayelekile kubafundi bakaHabr. Ingabe kufanelekile ukuqhubeka?
Source: www.habr.com