UPaul Graham: Engakufunda kuHacker News

February 2009

I-Hacker News ineminyaka emibili ngesonto eledlule. Ekuqaleni kwakuhloswe ukuba kube iphrojekthi efanayo - isicelo sokucija i-Arc kanye nendawo yokushintshisana ngezindaba phakathi kwabasunguli be-Y Combinator bamanje nabazayo. Yakhula futhi yathatha isikhathi esiningi kunengangisilindele, kodwa angizisoli ngoba ngafunda okuningi ngokusebenza kulo msebenzi.

Ukuphakama

Ngenkathi sethula iphrojekthi ngoFebhuwari 2007, ithrafikhi yaphakathi neviki yayibalelwa ku-1600 izivakashi ezihlukile zansuku zonke. Selokhu wenyuka wafinyelela ku-22000.

Leli zinga lokukhula lingaphezulu kancane kunalokho esingathanda. Ngingathanda ukubona isiza sikhula, ngoba uma isayithi lingakhuli okungenani kancane, cishe selivele lifile. Kodwa ngeke ngifune ukuthi ifinyelele usayizi we-Digg noma i-Reddit - ikakhulukazi ngoba izonciphisa uhlamvu lwesayithi, kodwa futhi ngoba angifuni ukuchitha sonke isikhathi sami ngisebenza ekulinganiseni.

Senginezinkinga ezanele ngalokhu vele. Ngikhumbula ugqozi lokuqala lwe-HN kwakuwukuhlola ulimi olusha lokuhlela futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola ulimi olwalugxile ekuhloleni ukwakheka kolimi esikhundleni sokusebenza kwalo. Njalo lapho isayithi lihamba kancane, ngangizigcina ngiqhubeka ngokukhumbula isicaphuna esidumile sikaMcIlroy noBentley

Isihluthulelo sempumelelo sisebuhleni bezixazululo, hhayi ekuzameni zonke izinketho ezingase zibe khona.

futhi ngabheka izindawo zezinkinga engingazilungisa ngobuncane bekhodi. Ngisakwazi ukugcina isiza, ngomqondo wokugcina ukusebenza okufanayo, naphezu kokukhula okuphindwe ka-14. Angazi ukuthi ngizobhekana kanjani nokuqala manje, kodwa mhlawumbe ngizokuthola okuthile.

Lesi isimo sami sengqondo mayelana nesayithi lilonke. I-Hacker News isilingo, isilingo endaweni entsha. Lezi zinhlobo zamasayithi ngokuvamile zineminyaka embalwa kuphela ubudala. Ingxoxo ye-inthanethi njengoba injalo inamashumi ambalwa eminyaka ubudala, ngakho-ke cishe sithole ingxenye encane yalokho esizogcina sikutholile.

Kungakho nginentshisekelo kakhulu ku-HN. Uma ubuchwepheshe busha kakhulu, izixazululo ezikhona ngokuvamile zimbi kakhulu, okusho ukuthi kukhona okungcono kakhulu okungenziwa, okusho ukuthi izinkinga eziningi ezibonakala zingenakuxazululeka empeleni azikho. Kubandakanya, ngethemba, inkinga ekhungethe imiphakathi eminingi: ukubhujiswa ngenxa yokukhula.

Ukwehla komnotho

Abasebenzisi bebelokhu bekhathazekile ngalokhu njengoba isiza sinezinyanga ezimbalwa nje ubudala. Kuze kube manje lokhu kwesaba akunasisekelo, kodwa lokhu ngeke kuhlale kunjalo. Ukwehla komnotho kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa kungenzeka solvable; akusho ukuthi izingxoxo ezivulekile mayelana "njalo" ziye zabulawa ukwanda kwegama elithi "njalo" okusho izikhathi ezingu-20 kuphela.

Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi sizama ukuxazulula inkinga entsha, ngoba lokho kusho ukuthi kufanele sizame into entsha futhi cishe iningi layo ngeke lisebenze. Emasontweni ambalwa edlule ngizame ukubonisa amagama abasebenzisi abanenani eliphakeme kakhulu lamazwana elikuwolintshi.[1] Kube yiphutha. Ngokuphazima kweso isiko ebelikade lihlangene kakhulu lahlukaniswa laba abangenakho nabangenakho. Angizange ngibone ukuthi isiko lihlangene kangakanani ngaze ngalibona lihlukene phakathi. Kwakubuhlungu ukubukela.[2]

Ngakho-ke, amagama abasebenzisi awolintshi ngeke abuye. (Ngiyaxolisa ngalokho). Kodwa kuzoba neminye imibono engase iphuke esikhathini esizayo, futhi leyo esebenzayo cishe izobonakala iphukile njengaleyo engasebenzi.

Mhlawumbe into ebaluleke kakhulu engiyifundile mayelana nokwehla ukuthi kukalwa kakhulu ngokuziphatha kunabasebenzisi uqobo. Ufuna ukuqeda ukuziphatha okubi kunabantu ababi. Ukuziphatha komsebenzisi kuyathandeka ngendlela emangalisayo. Uma ukhona usalindile kubantu ukuthi bazoziphatha kahle, bavame ukwenza njalo; futhi ngokuphambene.

Nakuba, kunjalo, ukuvimbela ukuziphatha okubi kuvame ukubaqeda abantu ababi ngoba bazizwa bengakhululekile endaweni okufanele baziphathe kahle kuyo. Le ndlela yokuwaqeda ithambile futhi cishe iphumelela kakhulu kunezinye.

Kuyacaca manje ukuthi ithiyori ephukile yamawindi iyasebenza nasezingosini zomphakathi. Ithiyori iwukuthi izenzo ezincane zokuziphatha okubi zikhuthaza ukuziphatha okubi okwengeziwe: indawo yokuhlala enemidwebo eminingi namafasitela aphukile iba indawo lapho ukugetshengwa kuvame ukwenzeka khona. Ngangihlala eNew York lapho uGiuliani ethula izinguquko ezenza lo mbono waduma, futhi izinguquko zazimangalisa. Futhi ngangingumsebenzisi we-Reddit lapho kwenzeka okuphambene ngqo, futhi izinguquko zazimangalisa ngendlela efanayo.

Angimgxeki uSteve no-Alexis. Okwenzeka kuReddit kwakungewona umphumela wokunganakwa. Kusukela ekuqaleni babenenqubomgomo yokuvala ugaxekile kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Reddit yayinemigomo ehlukene uma iqhathaniswa ne-Hacker News. I-Reddit yayiyisiqalo, hhayi iphrojekthi eseceleni; umgomo wabo kwakuwukukhula ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Hlanganisa ukukhula okusheshayo kanye noxhaso olungekho bese uthola imvume. Kodwa angicabangi ukuthi bangenza okuhlukile uma benikwa ithuba. Uma sibheka ithrafikhi, i-Reddit iphumelele kakhulu kune-Hacker News.

Kodwa okwenzeka kuReddit ngeke kwenzeke ku-HN. Kunemikhawulo embalwa yendawo ephakeme. Kungaba nezindawo ezinokuvumela okuphelele futhi kube nezindawo ezinengqondo kakhulu, njengasezweni langempela; futhi abantu bazoziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kuye ngokuthi bakuphi, njengasezweni langempela.

Lokhu ngikubone ngokusebenza. Ngibone abantu bephambana kuReddit nakuHacker News abazinike isikhathi sokubhala izinguqulo ezimbili, umyalezo ocasulayo weReddit kanye nenguqulo ethotshisiwe kakhudlwana ye-HN.

Izinto zokwakha

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinkinga isayithi elifana ne-Hacker News okufanele lizigweme: izindaba ezimbi namazwana amabi. Futhi umonakalo ovela ezindabeni ezimbi ubonakala uncane. Okwamanje, izindaba ezifakwe ekhasini eliyinhloko zisacishe zifane nalezo ezithunyelwe ngesikhathi i-HN isanda kuqala.

Ngake ngacabanga ukuthi kuzomele ngicabange ngezixazululo zokunqanda ukuhlambalaza ukuthi kungaveli ekhasini lokuqala, kodwa bekungakadingeka ngikwenze lokho kuze kube manje. Bengingalindele ukuthi ikhasi lasekhaya lihlale lilihle kangaka, futhi angikaqondi kahle ukuthi kungani lenza kanjalo. Mhlawumbe abasebenzisi abahlakaniphe kakhulu kuphela abanake ngokwanele ukuphakamisa futhi bathande izixhumanisi, ngakho-ke izindleko ezinqenqemeni ngomsebenzisi ngamunye ezingahleliwe ziba uziro. Noma mhlawumbe ikhasi lasekhaya liyazivikela ngokuthumela izimemezelo mayelana nokunikezwayo elikulindele.

Into eyingozi kakhulu yekhasi eliyinhloko izinto okulula kakhulu ukuzithanda. Uma othile efakazela ithiyori entsha, umfundi kufanele enze umsebenzi othile ukuze anqume ukuthi kufanelekile ukuthandwa. Ikhathuni elihlekisayo lithatha isikhathi esincane. Amagama amakhulu anezihloko zezindaba ezinomsindo ngokulinganayo athola oziro ngoba abantu bayawathanda ngaphandle kokuwafunda.

Yilokhu engikubiza ngokuthi Umgomo Wamanga: umsebenzisi ukhetha isayithi elisha izixhumanisi zalo ezahlulelwa kalula ngaphandle kokuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezithile zokuvimbela lokhu.

I-Hacker News inezinhlobo ezimbili zokuvikela umbhedo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zolwazi ezingenalo inani zivinjelwe njengezingekho esihlokweni. Izithombe zamakati, ama-diatribes osopolitiki, njll. zivinjelwe ikakhulukazi. Lokhu kususa iningi lembudane engadingekile, kodwa hhayi yonke. Ezinye zezixhumanisi zombili ziyimbudane, ngomqondo wokuthi zifushane kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zibalulekile.

Asikho isixazululo esisodwa salokhu. Uma isixhumanisi simane siyi-demagoguery engenalutho, abahleli ngezinye izikhathi bayasibhubhisa nakuba sihambisana nesihloko sokugebenga, ngoba asihambisani nezinga langempela, okungukuthi i-athikili kufanele ivuse ilukuluku lobuhlakani. Uma okuthunyelwe kusayithi kungalolu hlobo, ngiyakuvimba ngezinye izikhathi, okusho ukuthi zonke izinto ezintsha kule URL zizobhujiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma isihloko sokuthunyelwe siqukethe isixhumanisi se-clickbait, abahleli kwesinye isikhathi bazosibeka kabusha ukuze sikwenze kube yiqiniso kakhulu. Lokhu kudingekile ikakhulukazi ezixhumanisini ezinezihloko eziwubukhazikhazi, ngoba uma kungenjalo zifihlakele “ivoti uma ukholelwa kulokhu nalokhuya” okuthunyelwe, okuwuhlobo olukhulunywa kakhulu lombhedo ongadingekile.

Ubuchwepheshe bokubhekana nezixhumanisi ezinjalo kufanele buguquke, njengoba izixhumanisi ngokwazo zishintsha. Ukuba khona kwama-aggregator sekuvele kube nomthelela kulokho abakuhlanganisayo. Kulezi zinsuku, ababhali babhala ngokucophelela izinto ezizokhuphula ukugcwala kwezimoto ngezindleko zabahlanganisi - kwesinye isikhathi izinto eziqondile. (Cha, indida yalesi sitatimende ayingilahlekele). Kukhona izinguquko ezimbi kakhulu ezifana ne-linkjacking - ukushicilela ukuphindwa kwe-athikili yomunye futhi ukuyishicilela esikhundleni soqobo. Okuthile okufana nalokhu kungathola ukuthandwa okuningi ngoba igcina izinto eziningi ezinhle ezazisesihlokweni sokuqala; empeleni, lapho ibinzana lifana nokukopela, ulwazi oluhle kakhulu oluku-athikili luyagcinwa. [3]

Ngicabanga ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi isayithi elenqaba okunikezwayo linikeze indlela yokuthi abasebenzisi babone ukuthi yini enqatshiwe uma befuna. Lokhu kuphoqa abahleli ukuthi bathembeke futhi, okubaluleke nakakhulu, kwenza abasebenzisi bazizwe beqiniseka ngokwengeziwe ukuthi bazokwazi uma abahleli bengathembekile. Abasebenzisi be-HN bangakwenza lokhu ngokuchofoza inkambu ye-showdead kuphrofayela yabo (“bonisa abafileyo”, ngokwezwi nezwi). [4]

Amazwana

Amazwana amabi abonakala eyinkinga enkulu kuneziphakamiso ezimbi. Nakuba ikhwalithi yezixhumanisi ekhasini eliyisiqalo ingakashintshi kangako, ikhwalithi yamazwana amaphakathi iye yawohloka ngandlela thile.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamazwana amabi: ukudelela nobuwula.Kunokunqwabelana okuningi phakathi kwalezi zici ezimbili - ukuphawula okudelelayo cishe kuwubulima - kodwa amasu okubhekana nazo ahlukile. Kulula ukulawula ukudelela. Ungabeka imithetho ethi umsebenzisi akufanele abe luhlaza futhi uma ubenza baziphathe kahle, khona-ke ukugcina ukudelela ngaphansi kokulawula kungenzeka.

Ukugcina ubuwula bungaphansi kokulawula kunzima kakhulu, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi ubuwula akulula ukuhlukanisa. Abantu abadelelayo bavame ukwazi ukuthi badelela, kuyilapho abantu abaningi abayiziphukuphuku bengaqapheli ukuthi bayiziphukuphuku.

Indlela eyingozi kakhulu yokuphawula okuyisiphukuphuku akusona isitatimende eside kodwa esiyiphutha, kodwa ihlaya eliwubuwula. Izitatimende ezinde kodwa eziyiphutha ziyivelakancane kakhulu. Kukhona ukuhlobana okuqinile phakathi kwekhwalithi yamazwana nobude bawo; uma ufuna ukuqhathanisa ikhwalithi yamazwana kumasayithi omphakathi, ubude bokuphawula obumaphakathi buyinkomba enhle. Cishe kungenxa yemvelo yomuntu kunanoma yini eqondile esihlokweni okuxoxwa ngaso. Mhlawumbe ubuwula bumane buthatha uhlobo lokuba nemibono eminingana kunokuba nemibono engalungile.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siyini isizathu, ukuphawula kobuwula ngokuvamile kufushane. Futhi njengoba kunzima ukubhala ukuphawula okufushane okuhlukile kunenani lolwazi elidlulisayo, abantu bazama ukugqama ngokuzama ukuhlekisa. Ifomethi eheha kakhulu yamazwana ayiziphukuphuku iwukuthuka okuhlakaniphile, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi ukuthuka kuwuhlobo olulula lwamahlaya. [5] Ngakho-ke, enye yezinzuzo zokuvimbela ukudelela ukuthi futhi kuqeda ukuphawula okunjalo.

Amazwana amabi afana ne-kudzu: athatha izintambo ngokushesha. Amazwana anomphumela omkhulu kakhulu kwezinye imibono kuneziphakamiso zezinto ezintsha. Uma othile enikeza isihloko esibi, akwenzi ezinye izindatshana zibe zimbi. Kodwa uma othile ethumela amazwana ayisiphukuphuku engxoxweni, kuzoholela kumazwana amaningi afanayo kuleyo ndawo. Abantu baphendula amahlaya ayisimungulu ngamahlaya ayizimungulu.

Mhlawumbe isisombululo siwukwengeza ukubambezeleka ngaphambi kokuba abantu baphendule amazwana, futhi ubude bokubambezeleka kufanele bulingane ngokuphambene nekhwalithi ecatshangwayo yamazwana. Bese kuba nezingxoxo eziwubuwula ezimbalwa. [6]

Abantu

Ngiqaphele ukuthi eziningi zezindlela engizichazile zinokonga: zigxile ekugcineni umlingiswa wesayithi kunokusithuthukisa. Angicabangi ukuthi ngichemile kulolu daba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuma kwenkinga. I-Hacker News ibe nenhlanhla ngokwanele ukuthi iqale kahle, ngakho-ke kulokhu kuyindaba yokulondolozwa.Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi lesi simiso sisebenza kumasayithi anemvelaphi ehlukene.

Izinto ezinhle ngezingosi zomphakathi zivela kubantu kunobuchwepheshe; ubuchwepheshe buvamise ukusebenza uma kuziwa ekuvimbeleni izinto ezimbi ukuthi zenzeke. Ubuchwepheshe bungayithuthukisa ngempela ingxoxo. Amazwana afakiwe, isibonelo. Kodwa ngincamela ukusebenzisa isayithi elinezici zakudala kanye nabasebenzisi abahlakaniphile, abalungile kunesayithi eliwubukhazikhazi elisetshenziswa izilima nama-troll kuphela.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu isayithi lomphakathi okufanele liyenze ukuheha abantu elibafunayo njengabasebenzisi bayo. Isayithi elizama ukuba likhulu ngangokunokwenzeka lizama ukuheha wonke umuntu. Kodwa isayithi eliqondiswe kuhlobo oluthile lomsebenzisi kufanele lihehe bona kuphela - futhi, kubaluleke kakhulu, lixoshe wonke umuntu. Ngazama ukwenza lokhu nge-HN. Isakhiwo sesithombe sesayithi silula ngangokunokwenzeka futhi imithetho yesayithi ivimbela izihloko zezindaba ezimangalisayo. Umgomo wukuthi umuntu omusha ku-HN uzoba nentshisekelo emibonweni evezwa lapha.

Okubi ekudaleni isayithi eliqondise kuphela uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzisi ukuthi lingase likhange kakhulu kulabo basebenzisi. Ngiyazi kahle ukuthi i-Hacker News ingaba umlutha kangakanani. Kimina, njengabasebenzisi abaningi, lolu uhlobo lwesikwele sedolobha. Uma ngifuna ukuthatha ikhefu emsebenzini, ngiya esigcawini, njengoba nje ngingenza, isibonelo, ngihambe eduze kwe-Harvard Square noma i-University Avenue emhlabeni wenyama. [7] Kodwa indawo ekunethiwekhi iyingozi kakhulu kuneyangempela. Uma ngichithe isigamu sosuku ngizulazula ku-University Avenue, ngizokuqaphela. Kufanele ngihambe ikhilomitha ukuze ngifike lapho, futhi ukuya esitolo sekhofi kuhlukile kunokuya emsebenzini. Kodwa ukuvakashela inkundla ye-inthanethi kudinga ukuchofoza kanye nje futhi kubukeka kufana kakhulu nomsebenzi. Kungenzeka ukuthi uchitha isikhathi sakho, kodwa awuchithi isikhathi sakho. Umuntu othile ku-inthanethi akalungile futhi ulungisa inkinga.

I-Hacker News iyisayithi eliwusizo ngempela. Ngifunde okuningi kulokho engakufunda ku-HN. Ngibhale izindatshana ezimbalwa eziqale njengamazwana lapha. Angifuni ukuthi isiza sinyamalale. Kodwa ngifuna ukuqiniseka ukuthi lokhu akuwona umlutha wenethiwekhi ekukhiqizeni. Kungaba inhlekelele embi kangakanani ukuyengela izinkulungwane zabantu abahlakaniphile esizeni ukuze bachithe isikhathi sabo. Ngifisa sengathi ngingaqiniseka ngo-100% ukuthi lena akuyona incazelo ye-HN.

Ngicabanga ukuthi umlutha wemidlalo nezinhlelo zokusebenza zomphakathi kuseyinkinga enkulu engaxazululiwe. Isimo siyefana nese-crack ngeminyaka yawo-1980: sisungule izinto ezintsha ezimbi eziluthayo futhi asikazifezi izindlela zokuzivikela kuzo. Sizokwenza ngcono ekugcineni futhi lena ngenye yezinkinga engifuna ukugxila kuzo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.

Amanothi

[1] Ngizamile ukukala abasebenzisi ngakho kokubili isilinganiso sezibalo nenani elimaphakathi lamazwana, kanye nesilinganiso sezibalo (ukulahla amaphuzu aphezulu) kubonakala kuyinkomba enembe kakhulu yekhwalithi ephezulu. Nakuba inani elimaphakathi lamazwana lingase libe inkomba enembe kakhudlwana yamazwana amabi.

[2] Enye into engiyifundile kulokhu kuhlolwa ukuthi uma uzohlukanisa phakathi kwabantu, qiniseka ukuthi ukwenza kahle. Lolu uhlobo lwenkinga lapho i-prototyping esheshayo ingasebenzi. Eqinisweni, impikiswano enengqondo eqotho iwukuthi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zabantu kungase kungabi umqondo omuhle kakhulu. Isizathu akukona ukuthi bonke abantu bayefana, kodwa ukuthi kubi ukwenza iphutha futhi kunzima ukugwema ukwenza iphutha.

[3] Uma ngibona okuthunyelwe kokuxhumanisa okungafanele, ngishintsha i-URL ngifake leyo ekopishiwe. Amasayithi avame ukusebenzisa i-linkjacking avinjelwe.

[4] I-Digg idume kabi ngokuntuleka kwayo kokuhlonza okucacile. Umsuka wenkinga awukona ukuthi abafana abangabanikazi be-Digg bayimfihlo ikakhulukazi, kodwa ukuthi basebenzisa i-algorithm engalungile ukukhiqiza ikhasi labo lasekhaya. Esikhundleni sokwenza ibhaluni kusuka phezulu ohlelweni lokuthola amavoti amaningi njenge-Reddit, izindaba ziqala phezulu ekhasini bese zicindezela abasanda kungena.

Isizathu salo mehluko ukuthi i-Digg ibolekwe ku-Slashdot, kuyilapho i-Reddit ibolekwa ku-Delicious/edumile. I-Digg iyi-Slashdot ngokuvota esikhundleni sabahleli futhi i-Reddit Imnandi/idume ngokuvota esikhundleni samabhukhimakhi. (Usengabona izinsalela zemvelaphi yazo ekwakhiweni kwezithombe.)

I-algorithm ye-Digg izwela kakhulu emidlalweni ngoba noma iyiphi indaba efika ekhasini lokuqala iyindaba entsha. Okubuye kuphoqe u-Digg ukuthi asebenzise izindlela zokuphikisa ezeqisayo. Abaningi abaqalayo banemfihlo mayelana nokuthi yimaphi amaqhinga okwakudingeka baphendukele kuwo ezinsukwini zokuqala, futhi ngisola ukuthi imfihlo ka-Digg ukuthi izindaba ezihamba phambili empeleni zikhethwa abahleli.

[5] Ingxoxo phakathi kuka-Beavis no-Butthead yayisekelwe kakhulu kulokhu futhi lapho ngifunda imibono kumasayithi amabi kakhulu ngiyawezwa amazwi abo.

[6] Ngisola ukuthi izindlela eziningi zokubhekana namazwana ayisiphukuphuku azikakatholwa. I-Xkcd isebenzise indlela ehlakaniphe kakhulu esiteshini sakhe se-IRC: ungavumeli noma ubani enze into efanayo kabili. Uma umuntu esethe “ukwehluleka,” ungamvumeli aphinde akusho. Lokhu kuzovumela ukuphawula okufushane ukuthi kujeziswe ikakhulukazi ngoba nethuba elincane lokugwema ukuphindaphinda.

Omunye umbono othembisayo isihlungi esiyisiphukuphuku, okuyisihlungi esingaba khona sogaxekile, kodwa esiqeqeshelwe ukwakhiwa kwamazwana ayisiphukuphuku navamile.

Kungase kungadingeki ukubulala amazwana amabi ukuze kuqedwe inkinga. Amazwana angaphansi kochungechunge olude angase angabonakali, ngakho ukufaka ukuqagela kwekhwalithi ku-algorithm yokuhlunga amazwana kwanele.

[7] Okwenza izindawo eziningi ezingaphansi kwedolobha zidanise ukuswelakala kwesikhungo sokuhambahamba.

Ngiyabonga UJustin Kahn, uJessica Livingston, uRobert Morris, u-Alexis Ohanian, u-Emmett Shear, noFred Wilson ngokufunda okusalungiswa.

Ukuhumusha: Diana Sheremyeva
(Ingxenye yokuhumusha ethathwe ku elihunyushwe ngu)

Abasebenzisi ababhalisiwe kuphela abangabamba iqhaza kuhlolovo. Ngena ngemvume, wamukelekile.

Ngifunde izindaba ze-Hacker

• 36,4%Cishe zonke izinsuku12

• 12,1%Kanye ngeviki4

• 6,1%Kanye ngenyanga2

• 6,1%Kanye ngonyaka2

• 21,2%ngaphansi kokukodwa ngonyaka7

• 18,2%abanye6

Bangu-33 abasebenzisi abavotile. Abasebenzisi abangu-6 bagobile.

Source: www.habr.com