Sanibonani nonke
Nansi indlela indawo yeWebSummit ebukeka ngayo:
I-Parque das Nações
Futhi yiyo kanye indlela engaqala ngayo ukubona iPortugal lapho ngifika lapha ngo-2014. Futhi manje nginqume ukwabelana nawe ngalokho engikubonile nengikufundile eminyakeni engu-5 edlule, kanye nalokho okuphawulekayo ngezwe kuchwepheshe we-IT.
Kulabo abadinga ngokushesha, subjectively:Izinzuzo:
- Isimo sezulu
- Abantu kanye nesimo sabo sengqondo ngawe njengomuntu ofudukayo
- ukudla
- Izinkampani ze-IT kukho konke ukunambitheka nombala
- Amabhishi
- Abantu abaningi abahlakaniphile bakhuluma isiNgisi
- Akunzima kangako ukuthola amadokhumenti
- Ukuphepha
- Iminyaka emi-5 futhi unobuzwe
- Umuthi kanye nezindleko zawo (okuhlobene neYurophu ne-USA)
- Ungakwazi ukuvula inkampani ngesigamu sehora futhi ungakhokhi intela ngonyaka wokuqala
Umthengi:
- Amaholo aphansi
- Yonke into ihamba kancane (ukuthola amadokhumenti, ixhumeka ku-inthanethi...)
- Izinkampani ze-IT azikazi ukuthi zisebenza kanjani nabafuduki (azazi ukuthi zingalungisa kanjani imibhalo, njll.)
- Izintela eziphakeme (i-VAT - 23%. Ngemali engenayo yezinkulungwane ezingu-30 ngonyaka - i-34.6% izoya kuhulumeni, izimoto zibiza kakhulu ngo-30-40% kuneRussia)
- Isibalo sabantu siyalandela. Kunzima ukukhuthaza okuthile okusha, kodwa kuyashintsha
- I-Bureaucracy iyesabisa, kodwa lokho kuyashintsha
- Kuzoba nzima kakhulu kunkosikazi wakho, intombi, noma umyeni wakho ukuthola umsebenzi hhayi ku-IT, ngoba imakethe yemisebenzi ayihlukanga kakhulu.
- Izintengo zezindlu ezithengiswayo ziphezulu kakhulu, okuhlanganisa nezintengo zokuqasha.
- Isibalo sabantu esibekezelela kakhulu (okuningi kulokhu kamuva)
Ake siqale ngokuthi...
Nginqume ukungabhali okuhle nokubi enguqulweni enwetshiwe. Konke lokhu kuncike kakhulu, ngakho wonke umuntu kufanele azinqumele.
Ngafika ePortugal nge-visa yokufunda eNyuvesi yase-Algarve (Universidade de Algarve).
I-Algarve iyisifunda esiseningizimu yePortugal lapho kunezivakashi eziningi, amabhishi, amahhotela, njll.
Inyuvesi ngokwayo inhle impela futhi isendaweni ebukekayo futhi ibukeka kanje:
Izindleko zokuqeqeshwa kwezobunjiniyela be-informatics zazilinganiselwa kuma-euro angu-1500 ngonyaka, okuyinto engelutho ngezindinganiso zaseYurophu. Izinga lokuqeqeshwa ngokukhethekile kule ndawo nangaleso sikhathi lisukela “kukuhle kakhulu” kuye kokuthi “njalo-ke.” Kwakukuhle kakhulu, ngoba abanye oprofesa babengabasebenzi bamanje bezinkampani ezazi izinto zesimanje, futhi babethakazelisa kakhulu, bephila futhi benikeza umkhuba omningi. Ngakho-ke, ngoba akubona bonke oprofesa abakhuluma isiNgisi (ezifundweni ezi-2 ukuqeqeshwa kwakusesimweni: thatha izinkulumo ngesiNgisi, funda futhi ekupheleni konyaka kuzoba nokuhlolwa) kanye nenhlangano yokuqeqeshwa kwabangaphandle ishiye okuningi. ukufiseleka (umuntu ophethe izifundo zethu wayebizwa ngokuthi unesibopho, kodwa eqinisweni, kwakunzima kakhulu ukufeza okuthile kuye). I-visa yokufunda ikunikeza ithuba lokusebenza uma ungezezela ngemvume yokusebenza, okuyinhloko ukuthi umsebenzi awukuphazamisi ezifundweni zakho. Izifundo ze-master ngokuvamile zikusihlwa, futhi phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa ngathola umsebenzi enkampanini encane efaka ithelevishini ne-inthanethi yamahhotela nezindlu ezizimele. Ukuthola imibhalo kwakungelula kangako, kodwa uma umqashi enza ingxenye yakhe, khona-ke konke kufanele kuhambe ngaphandle kwezigameko ezikhethekile. Kunezinkampani ezimbalwa e-Algarve ezibambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni, kepha amaholo aphansi, cishe ama-euro angama-900-1000 aphakathi kweJava. Ngahlala isikhathi esingangonyaka e-Faro, idolobha elise-Algarve. Kukhona amabhishi amahle kakhulu, amadolobha athokomele, izihlahla zesundu, indawo yokuphumula, abantu abahle kakhulu futhi abanobungane. Inkinga nje ukuthi ebusika impilo iyama futhi akukho okwenziwa, akukho lutho. Yonke into ivaliwe noma ivalwa ngo-6pm. Ngaphandle kwenxanxathela yezitolo eyodwa. Ezokuthutha zihamba njalo ngamahora ama-3 ngezimpelasonto. Ngokuvamile, ebusika ungahlanya lapho ungenzi lutho, ikakhulukazi uma ungenayo imoto yokuya endaweni ethile. Ngemva konyaka ngakhathala yikho konke lokhu. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngase ngiqedile izifundo zami zokuhlela zeJava futhi ngaqala ukufuna umsebenzi eLisbon.
Lisbon
Ukusesha kuthathe isikhathi, cishe izinyanga ezi-2 noma ezi-3. Ngokuyisisekelo, iholo noma izimo zazingafanele, noma babengafuni ukuqasha ngaphandle kwesiPutukezi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngathola umsebenzi wokufundela umsebenzi ebhange elikhulu elinehhovisi lentuthuko ePortugal. Okulandelayo kwadingeka sithole indawo yokuhlala. Lokhu kubi kakhulu eLisbon.
Kafushane mayelana nenkinga yezindlu e-LisbonEndaweni ethile ekujuleni kukahulumeni wasePutukezi, amakhanda ahlakaniphile afika nombono wokuthi kungaba kuhle ukwenza imali kubavakashi, ngoba banemali eningi, futhi sinokuthile esizokuthengisa. Ngakho iPortugal yaqala ukukhangiswa kulo lonke elaseYurophu njengendawo yokuvakasha yanoma yisiphi isabelomali. Futhi kuyiqiniso, izindawo zokungcebeleka lapha zifanelana ngempela nakho konke ukunambitheka nesabelomali. Abavakashi baqale ukuza ngobuningi babo, okusho ukuthi badinga ukuhlaliswa ndawana thize. Njengoba isikhala sincane kakhulu e-Lisbon, asikho isikhala samahhotela ngendlela esingathanda ngayo. Lapha, empeleni, isikhungo senhloko-dolobha yamaPutukezi:
Njengoba ubona, akufani nokuthi kuzoba nentuthuko enkulu lapha ngokwakhiwa kwamahhotela.
Isixazululo satholakala kanje: uma ungumShayina ocebile, waseBrazil, noma noma ubani onemali, ungeza ePortugal, uthenge isakhiwo sobukhosi esiwohlokayo phakathi nendawo ngemali engaphezu kwesigamu sesigidi futhi uthole i-Golden Visa, okuyinto kufana nokuba yisakhamuzi, kodwa awukwazi ukuvota. Bonke laba bafana baqala ukuthenga izindlu ezithengiswayo enkabeni yeLisbon, bebuyisela futhi benza amahostela, amahhotela amancane noma amafulethi ezivakashi. Inani elikhulu labantu ababeza ePortugal ababefuna ukuthenga izindlu ezinjalo baqonda ukuthi bangenza imali ngamafulethi, ngisho noma bengekho phakathi nendawo. Futhi-ke, ngemva kokululama enkingeni ka-2008, isixuku sabantu baseYurophu, sibona ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwentengo yendawo yokuhlala nethuba lokuyiqashisa kuyimpahla enhle kakhulu, baqala ukuza ePortugal futhi bathenge izindlu eziseduze nabavakashi. izindawo. Zonke lezi zidingo ezisheshayo zezindlu ezithengiswayo, kanye neqiniso lokuthi izinkampani eziningi zokwakha zaphelelwa yimali ngesikhathi senhlekelele ngaphandle kokwakha lutho, kwaholela ekubeni kube nesikhala emakethe yezindlu ezithengiswayo kanye namanani aphezulu kunasemazweni aseYurophu athuthukile. Ngakho-ke, ifulethi elaqashwa eminyakeni emi-3 edlule ngama-euro angama-600 ngenyanga manje selizokubiza okungenani ama-euro angama-950 futhi lokhu ngeke kube yilokho okulindele ukukuthola ngale mali. Ingasaphathwa yokuthenga, lapho ifulethi elinamakamelo amabili elimile (ngombono wethu, igumbi elinamakamelo amathathu) endaweni enhle licela ama-euro ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300. Uhulumeni akahambisani nalokhu, ngoba ngokwengxenye bebekufuna lokhu, ngakho-ke amanani mancane amathuba okuthi ehle. Abantu abanomholo ojwayelekile e-Lisbon we-1000 ngemuva kwentela abajabulile, kodwa bayakubekezelela futhi bahlala ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha.
Ngokuvamile, eminyakeni emithathu edlule, ngemva kokubheka izinketho eziningi nokuhlala kuqala ekamelweni, khona-ke endaweni embi nazo zonke izikhonzi ezijabulisayo ngendlela yamaphoyisa ngaphansi kwamafasitela, ngezinye izikhathi i-ambulensi, njll, ekugcineni ngathola indawo yokuhlala. eduze nendawo, hhayi kude kakhulu ne-metro futhi endaweni enhle. Kodwa ngaba nenhlanhla.
I-Lisbon ngokwayo iyidolobha eliphikisanayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, idolobha lihle kakhulu, lithule, likhululekile ukuphila futhi liphephile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingcolile kancane, ene-graffiti ezindongeni, inqwaba yabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe kanye nabantu abangenamakhaya, abanye babo abangewona abahle kakhulu.
Manje, empeleni, mayelana ne-IT
I-IT ePortugal ikhula ngokugxumagxuma nemingcele. Okusho ukuthi, cishe iziqalo ezintsha eziyinkulungwane ngonyaka, ezinye zazo eziphumelela kakhulu ePortugal nasemhlabeni jikelele. Futhi, njalo ngonyaka izinkampani ezinkulu ziza ePortugal, njenge-Siemens, Nokia (ongazi, i-Nokia ayiyona nje kuphela futhi ayiwona amaselula amaningi aseShayina, kodwa ezokuxhumana, i-5G, njll.), Ericsson, KPMG, Accenture, njll. njalo njalo. Manje bakhuluma nge-Amazon ne-Google, kodwa akukacaci ukuthi nini. Inkampani ngayinye enjalo eqasha okuningi ngesikhathi esisodwa inikezwa izintandokazi ezinhle zentela iminyaka emi-5, bese kuthi noma yini enivumelana ngayo. Ochwepheshe be-IT bendawo banemfundo enhle (ePortugal, imfundo ngokuvamile inhle. Ngendlela, ingabe wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi uGary Potter ukopishwe kubafundi basePutukezi baseCoimbra?). Muva nje, abadlali abancane, njenge-Mercedes, BMW, njll., baqale ukwakha amahabhu abo okuthuthukiswa lapha. Ngokuvamile, kunenkampani kunoma yimuphi umkhakha ongase uwuthande.
Kodwa konke lokhu kudlondlobala kunesizathu. Naphezu kwemfundo enhle, amaPutukezi awajahi ukucela amaholo amakhulu, ngakho-ke imisebenzi ephakathi nomholo ophelele wama-euro angu-1200 eLisbon ivamile.
Mayelana nezintela namaholo.
Futhi, izintela ziphezulu impela ePortugal; ngemali engenayo yezinkulungwane ezingama-30 ngonyaka, ama-34.6% azoya kuhulumeni. Njengoba inani likhuphuka, iphesenti lentela lizokhula ngendlela engcolile. Ngeke kwenyukele wena kuphela, kodwa nakumqashi, okhokhela umshwalense wezenhlalakahle nezinye izintela zomsebenzi ngamunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzoba yichilo nakakhulu ukwanda. Kodwa kukhona ama-accountant anobuqili hhayi eRussia kuphela, ngakho-ke kukhona uhlelo lokudlula intela lapha futhi. Manje sekunezinkampani zokubonisana ezingaba ngu-200 e-Lisbon. Eqinisweni, lena akuyona ngisho inkampani yokubonisana, iyisikhala esinjalo phakathi kwakho nenkampani oyisebenzelayo. Inkampani enkulu ngeke ikhohlise ngentela, ngoba kunzima enkampanini enkulu, kodwa "i-gasket" encane yamukelekile. Kubukeka kanjena: uya kwinhlolokhono nenkampani X, ebese ikutshela ukuthi uzoba nenkontileka nenkampani u-Y, yona ekutholela imali ephuma enkampanini u-X yokukunikeza isevisi. Futhi ukhokhelwa inani eliyisisekelo eliphansi kanye namabhonasi, isinxephezelo "sokuvakasha", njll. Konke lokhu kuvumela wonke umuntu ukuba ahlale ejabule futhi angakhokhi intela ephakeme, ngaphandle kwabantu abavamile, abanezimpesheni zabo kanye nesinxephezelo sokungasebenzi zikhokhwa ngenani elifanayo eliyisisekelo. Kodwa ubani onendaba? Into eyinhloko ukuthi lapha futhi manje uthola imali eyengeziwe, futhi bakhokha intela encane, ngakho wonke umuntu uyajabula.
Bakhokha malini ngempela?
Umbuzo onzima, kodwa lawa amanani alinganiselwe. Iminyaka engu-1-2 yesipiliyoni nolwazi oluhle ku-Java yi-1200 euro net (uthola izikhathi ezingu-14 ngonyaka), iminyaka engu-2-4 yesipiliyoni 1300-1700 euros net (futhi izikhathi ezingu-14 ngonyaka), iminyaka engu-4 noma ngaphezulu yesipiliyoni 1700 - 2500 euros. Angikahlangani nomunye umuntu okwamanje. Kwesinye isikhathi, abantu baba abaphathi ngaphakathi kwenkampani noma kwenye indawo...
Kuthiwani ngalabo abeze ngobuningi babo?
Ngokuvamile, lapho udinga ukuletha umfokazi, baletha abantu baseBrazil noma izakhamizi ze-EU, okulula ukusiza ngamadokhumenti ... Kodwa bonke abanye kufanele badlule emibuthanweni engu-3 yesihogo esisemthethweni sohlelo lwendawo, izinkampani ezingafuni ukubhekana. Izinkampani zasendaweni zimbi ekusebenzeni nabantu bokufika, kodwa ziba ngcono futhi zimema abantu abavela emazweni esithathu ukuthi nabo basebenze. Njengakwezinye izindawo, umqashi udinga ukufakazela ukuthi awunakushintshwa, akutholele inqwaba yamadokhumenti, ehamba kancane, njll., ukuze bangazihluphi ngabantu abangenalwazi.
Futhi, inkinga ingase iphakame emndenini wakho, uma ikhona. Inkinga ngomsebenzi. Uma omunye wakho obalulekile evela komunye umsebenzi ngaphandle kwe-IT noma umkhakha wezinsizakalo, ukuthola umsebenzi kuzoba yinkinga. Ngokuvamile, kunenkinga ngokuhlukahluka lapha. U-20% wezikhala yi-IT, abaphathi kanye ne-HR ye-IT. U-60% uwumkhakha wezokuvakasha, amakhefi, izindawo zokudlela, amahhotela futhi yilokho kuphela. Ezinye izikhala zodwa zababhali bamabhuku, onjiniyela, osomnotho, osozimali, othisha, njll.
ezokuthutha
Ezokuthutha e-Portugal kokubili ubuhlungu nenjabulo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungathola lapho udinga ukuya khona. Ngisho namabhishi aqhelile nezindawo zezivakashi zihlinzekwa ngezithuthi zomphakathi. Izindawo ezingaphansi kweLisbon zihanjiswa ngamabhasi, izitimela, izitimela zikagesi kanye nezokuthutha zasemfuleni. Konke lokhu ekuseni, ngenxa yezinkinga ezishiwo nge-real estate, yiqiniso, kugcwele. Futhi uphuzile. Akekho osakhathazeka ngokufika sekwephuzile emsebenzini, futhi izaba ezivame kakhulu ukubambeka esiminyaminyeni sezimoto ebhulohweni, ukulinda isikhathi eside ibhasi, nokunye okunjalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma ufuna ukushayela imoto yakho edolobheni, kufanele ucabange izikhathi ezintathu mayelana nokuthi ungayishiya kuphi imoto yakho. Azikho izindawo zezimoto futhi amanani ayakhuphuka (kufika kuma-euro angama-20 ngosuku, kuya ngendawo). Ukupaka ezindaweni zokupaka zenkampani kuvamise ukuqhathwa phakathi kwabasebenzi. Abaphathi bathola ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Umuthi ePortugal
Ziningi izinto ezingashiwo lapha, kodwa into esemqoka yilokhu: okuphethwe nguhulumeni - kuhamba kancane futhi mahhala. Imigqa yokubona odokotela ihlala amasonto, futhi ukuhlinzwa kubi nakakhulu. Okuyimfihlo - kuyashesha futhi akubizi kakhulu uma kunomshwalense. Ezimweni ezingu-99%, inkampani izokunikeza umshwalense. emacaleni angu-60% kuzokwenza nomndeni wakho. Kwezinye izimo, ungazithengela wena kanye/noma umndeni wakho enkampanini yomshwalense lapho inkampani osebenza nayo ibambisana nayo. (ama-euro angama-20-30 ngenyanga uma unenhlangano, i-30-60 uma inomunye). Lezi zintengo zifaka phakathi ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo. Ngokuvamile, ukubonisana nomshuwalense emtholampilo wangasese kubiza ama-euro angu-15-20. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nokunye okunjalo - 3-5-10 euro.
Impilo jikelele
AmaPutukezi awaphatha kahle kakhulu ama-expats ajwayelekile. Okusho ukuthi, uma ungenalo inhlonipho, ungalahli udoti futhi ungaphuzi ngaphansi kwamafasitela, khona-ke bazokusiza, bakweluleke ngalokho okufanele ukwenze, njll. IsiPutukezi singahamba kancane kakhulu. Ukuxhuma ku-inthanethi kuthatha isonto noma amabili. Kulula ukuma kulayini esitolo isigamu sehora kuyilapho othile exoxa ngokuzalwa komzukulu wakhe nomuntu ophatha imali. Kodwa ngasikhathi sinye, izinsiza eziningi ziku-inthanethi, okuvumela ukuthi wenze izinto eziningi kalula nangokushesha. Isibonelo, ungakha izinkontileka zezinsiza, ufake incwadi yentela yemali engenayo, uthathe umshwalense, ubhalise inkampani yakho, njll. Iningi likhuluma isiNgisi esihle. Amafilimu awenawo amakhophi, amamenyu angesiNgisi, njll. Isimo sezulu sihle, uzobona imvula nesibhakabhaka esimpunga izinsuku ezingama-20-30 ngonyaka. Cishe zonke lezi zinsuku zigxile enyangeni ka-April. Amafulethi amaningi nezindlu azinakho ukufudumeza. Ebusuku izinga lokushisa enhlokodolobha lingehla liye ku-+6. Ngakho-ke, i-heater kanye nengubo efudumele yasebusika iyisidingo. Emini ebusika izinga lokushisa lisukela ku-14 kuya ku-18 degrees. libalele. Ehlobo kungaba kuhle futhi kuphole (+25) noma kushise kancane (+44). Akuvamile kushisa, izinsuku ezingu-5-6 ngesikhathi sasehlobo. Amabhishi uhambo oluyisigamu sehora ukusuka e-Lisbon. Kubanzi futhi akugcwele kakhulu ngisho nangezimpelasonto.
Uma ufuna ukufunda isiPutukezi, ukuthola izifundo zikahulumeni akuyona inkinga, lapho uzofundiswa khona ukukhuluma ngendlela enengqondo futhi uqonde cishe yonke into eshiwo u-interlocutor ngentengo encane noma mahhala.
Sezikhona izinganekwane mayelana nokuphathwa kwehhovisi lendawo kanye nolayini. Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukufaka isicelo sokuhlala, kufanele ubhalisele ukuhambisa imibhalo kusasele izinyanga eziyisithupha. Uma ufuna ukushintsha amalungelo akho, kuzodingeka ulinde kulayini cishe amahora angama-5-6 ekuseni:
Futhi, iPortugal inohlelo lwamabhange oluthuthukisiwe. Wonke amabhange aboshwe ndawonye ngentambo, ngakho manje ungathumela imali kusuka kumakhalekhukhwini wakho ku-akhawunti yomunye umuntu ngokuchofoza oku-2 mahhala, ungakhipha imali ku-ATM yanoma yiliphi ibhange ngaphandle kwekhomishini, futhi ukhokhele izinsizakalo nokuthenga. kusuka kumakhalekhukhwini wakho noma nge-ATM.
Ungakwazi ukuvula inkampani yakho futhi ungakhokhi intela ngonyaka wokuqala. Uma ufuna ukudala ukuqalisa, khona-ke bazokusiza kuzo zonke izigaba. Kusukela ekuvuleni inkampani futhi kugcine ngokuthola uxhaso, bazokunikeza indawo ku-incubator, njll.
Ngendlela, uma uhlala ngokusemthethweni ezweni iminyaka engu-5, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ungafaka isicelo sokuba yisakhamuzi. Uzodinga ukufakazela ukuthi awuhambanga isikhathi eside futhi uphumelele ukuhlolwa kolimi lwesiPutukezi.
Neminye imigqa embalwa mayelana nesiPutukezi. Okubenza babekezelele kakhulu futhi babe nobungane cishe kubenza babekezelele zonke izinhlobo zabantu abangenamakhaya, njll. Kuyinto evamile lapho, phakathi kwesinye sezikwele eziyinhloko, amavolontiya esabalalisa ukudla kwabangenamakhaya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu abangenamakhaya abahambi kude nokudla, ngakho-ke lesi yisimo esivamile ngokuphelele eLisbon lapho emnyango wenkampani yezigidigidi kukhona umuntu ongenakhaya olele ngefasitela. Uhulumeni waze washaya umthetho ovimbela izitolo ezinkulu ukuthi zilahle ukudla. Manje konke ukudla kufanele kuhanjiswe emabhange okudla, lapho kunikezwa abantu abangenamakhaya nabahola kancane.
Ngokuvamile, iPortugal neLisbon ikakhulukazi izindawo ezikahle kakhulu zokuhlala. Awusoze waba nesithukuthezi e-Lisbon, ngoba kuhlale kukhona okwenzeka lapha, futhi ngempelasonto kuhlale kunendawo ongaya kuyo noma oya kuyo. Isimo sezulu sihle kakhulu, akuvamile ukubanda noma kushisa kakhulu. Uku-Schengen, ngakho iningi le-EU livulekele wena. Ngokombono wemvelo, konke kuhle kakhulu lapha. Kukhona futhi nezinkinga - amaholo nezintela. Kodwa yindlela ohlela ngayo izinto.
Source: www.habr.com