Ngemuva kwe-cyberpunk: okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nezinhlobo zamanje zezinganekwane zesayensi yesimanje

Wonke umuntu ujwayelene nemisebenzi yohlobo lwe-cyberpunk - izincwadi ezintsha, amafilimu nochungechunge lwe-TV mayelana nezwe le-dystopian lobuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo livela njalo ngonyaka. Nokho, i-cyberpunk akulona kuphela uhlobo lwezinganekwane zesayensi yesimanje. Ake sikhulume ngezitayela zobuciko ezinikeza ezinye izindlela ezahlukahlukene kuzo futhi ziphoqelele ababhali bezinganekwane zesayensi ukuthi baphendukele ezihlokweni ezingalindelekile kakhulu - kusukela kumasiko abantu base-Afrika kuya "esikweni lokuthenga".

Photography I-Quinn Buffing /unsplash.com

Kusukela ku-Jonathan Swift kuya kodade (manje) base-Wachowski, ubuciko bokuqagela budlale indima ebalulekile emlandweni wesimanje. Izinhlobo zezinganekwane zinikeze ithuba lokuqonda ngokuhlanganyela izinguquko zezenhlalo nezobuchwepheshe ezigcwele esintwini enkathini yenqubekelaphambili engenakuvinjwa. Ngokusabalala kwamakhompiyutha, i-cyberpunk kanye nokuphuma kwayo kwaba okuyinhloko yalezi zindlela. Ababhali babuze imibuzo ehlobene nezimiso ze-IT yobudala, indima yabantu emhlabeni ozenzakalelayo, kanye nokushintshwa kwedijithali kwemikhiqizo ye-analog.

Kodwa manje, ngonyaka wokugubha iminyaka engama-20 ye-The Matrix, ukuhlobana kwe-cyberpunk kuyabuzwa. Eminingi yale misebenzi ibonakala iqine kakhulu - izibikezelo zayo ezinhle kunzima ukuzikholelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisekelo se-cyberpunk universes ngokuvamile umehluko phakathi "kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu nezinga eliphansi lokuphila" (impilo ephansi, ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu). Nokho, lesi simo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi simangalisa kangakanani, akusona sodwa esingaba khona.

Izinganekwane zesayensi azikhawulelwe ku-cyberpunk. Muva nje izinhlobo zokuqagela bawela izindlela izikhathi eziningana, amagatsha abo amasha avela, futhi izinkomba ze-niche zangena endaweni evamile.

Okwamanje njengendlela yokusungula ikusasa: mythopunk

Isiko lomhlaba wonke lihlala liwumbuso wezwe laseNtshonalanga. Kodwa izinhlanga ezincane zakha ingxenye enkulu yabantu bakhona. Ngenxa ye-inthanethi kanye nenqubekelaphambili, abaningi babo banezwi elizwakala ngale kwe-diaspora. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badlala indima ebalulekile ngokuya emnothweni womhlaba. Izazi zezokuhlalisana kwabantu zibikezela ukuthi leyo mpucuko ebizwa ngokuthi “yaseYurophu” ingase ekugcineni ilahlekelwe isikhundla sayo esiphambili. Yini ezothatha indawo yaso? I-Mythopunk, ikakhulukazi izigaba zayo ezingaphansi kwe-Afrofuturism ne-Chaohuan, idingida lolu daba. Bathatha njengesisekelo izinhlelo zezinganekwane nezokuhlalisana ezihlukile kulezi ezibusayo njengamanje, futhi bacabange ngezwe lekusasa elakhiwe ngokwezimiso zabo.

Photography Alexander London /unsplash.com

Eyokuqala isebenza ohlotsheni lwe-Afrofuturism kwavela emuva ngawo-1950, lapho umculi we-jazz u-Sun Ra (Ilanga Ra) waqala ukuhlanganisa emsebenzini wakhe inganekwane yempucuko yase-Afrika yasendulo kanye nobuhle benkathi yokuhlola indawo. Futhi kule minyaka eyishumi edlule lo mkhuba uye wasakazeka kabanzi kunanini ngaphambili. Esinye sezibonelo eziphawulekayo ze-Afrofuturism yesimanje "ejwayelekile" yi-blockbuster yaseHollywood "Black Panther". Ngaphandle kwe-cinema kanye umculo, uhlobo lwazibonakalisa kulo izincwadi kanye nobuciko obubonakalayo - abantu abanentshisekelo kukho banokuthile abangakufunda, ukukubuka nokulalela.

Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, isiko lamaShayina nalo seligqame kakhulu. Phela, ekhulwini lama-XNUMX kuphela, izwe labhekana nokuvukela umbuso okubili, “isimangaliso somnotho” kanye noshintsho lwamasiko olungenakuqhathaniswa emhlabeni wonke. Kusukela ezweni lesithathu lezwe, i-China isiphenduke amandla e-geopolitical - lapho izolo kuphela bekunezindlu zokhuni, kunezakhiwo eziphakeme, futhi inqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo ayivumeli ukuthi umuntu ayeke futhi aqonde ukubaluleka kwendlela ehanjiwe.

Yilesi sikhala ababhali bezinganekwane zendawo abazama ukusivala. Ababhali bohlobo lwe-chaohuan (i-English chaohuan, ehunyushwa ngokuthi “i-ultra-unreality”) badlulisa amathuluzi enganekwane yesayensi yakudala ngokusebenzisa i-prism of existentialism. Ungaqala ukujwayelana nezincwadi ezinjalo nomuntu ophumelele amaHugo Awards, incwadi ethi “Inkinga yomzimba emithathu» Umbhali waseShayina uLiu Cixin. Indaba lapho iphathelene nesazi sezinkanyezi sowesifazane esimema abafokazi eMhlabeni ngesikhathi se-Cultural Revolution e-China.

Lesi siqondiso siyathuthuka futhi kwezobuciko ezibukwayo neze-multimedia. Isibonelo esisodwa yi-eseyi yevidiyo ethi “Sinofuturism” yomculi wemidiya exubile u-Lawrence Lek, uhlobo lweqoqo lemibono engaguquki mayelana “nekhulu lama-XNUMX lase-China” (kuvidiyo engenhla).

Okwedlule njengendlela yokuqonda okwamanje: isekai kanye ne-retrofuturism

Imisebenzi yolunye uhlobo lomlando iyadlondlobala. Esikhundleni sokuphupha ngekusasa, ababhali abaningi ngokwengeziwe bancamela ukuqamba kabusha umlando. Isakhiwo, isikhathi kanye nendawo yendaba ezincwadini ezinjalo ziyehluka, kodwa ezinye izimiso zihlala zivamile.

I-Retrofuturism icabanga enye impucuko engazange ihambe ngendlela yedijithali futhi yakha imibuso yezobuchwepheshe isebenzisa amanye amathuluzi: kusukela kubuchwepheshe be-steampunk (i-steampunk evamile) kuya ezinjinini zikadizili (i-dieselpunk) noma ngisho nobuchwepheshe be-stone age (stonepunk). Ubuhle bemisebenzi enjalo ngokuvamile buthatha izinkomba zabo ezinganekwaneni zakuqala zesayensi. Izincwadi ezinjengalezi zisivumela ukuthi sihlole kabusha indima yamathuluzi edijithali futhi sibheke kabusha imibono yethu ngekusasa.

I-Isekai (isiJapane esisho “omunye umhlaba”), “inganekwane yengosi” noma, ngesiRashiya, “izincwadi ezikhuluma ngabantu abawayo” zibuza imibuzo efanayo yesikhathi esidlule. Lawa maphupho ahlanganiswa "ngokuhlwitha" iqhawe kusukela esikhathini samanje nokulibeka kwelinye izwe - umbuso wemilingo, umdlalo wekhompiyutha, noma, futhi, okwedlule. Kulula ukubona ukuthi kungani lolu hlobo seludume kangaka. Ukuphunyuka kanye nesifiso sokubuyela "ezikhathini ezilula", lapho kuneziqondiso ezicacile zokuhle nokubi, kudlala indima ebalulekile kulokhu. Amaqhawe emisebenzi emayelana nezisulu ahlenga okwedlule, asuse ukungaboni ngaso linye. Izinga lomsebenzi kulolu hlobo - kungaba ukugqwayiza noma izincwadi - ngokuvamile lishiya okuningi okungafunwa. Kodwa njengoba ubuciko obunjalo buthandwa, kunesizathu salokho. Njengemisebenzi yezinye izinhlobo zezinganekwane zesayensi, lezi zincwadi zisho okuningi ngesikhathi sethu.

Okwamanje kufana nesikhathi esedlule: i-vaporwave

I-Vaporwave mhlawumbe iyona engavamile kakhulu ezinhlotsheni. Okokuqala nje, usemncane ngendlela emangalisayo. Uma wonke amathrendi achazwe ngenhla abe khona ngendlela eyodwa noma enye isikhathi eside, khona-ke i-vaporwave ingumkhiqizo wekhulu lama-XNUMX. Okwesibili, njenge-Afrofuturism, lolu hlobo lomculo lunezimpande zomculo - futhi manje seluqala “ukugqobhoza” kwezinye izinhlobo zobuciko. Okwesithathu, kuyilapho ezinye izinhlobo zigxeka obala umphakathi wanamuhla, i-vaporwave ayenzi izahlulelo zenani.

Itimu ye-vaporwave yisikhathi samanje nomphakathi wabathengi. Emphakathini wanamuhla, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa isiko libe "phezulu" nelithi "phansi". Isiko “eliphakeme” ngezinye izikhathi libangelwa ukuzenza nokungazenzisi. Futhi isiko eliphansi—isiko “lokuthenga, izaphulelo nezindawo zokuthenga”—alinazo lezi zici, okwenza libe buthuntu futhi, ngokwezinga elithile, libe “langempela” ngokwengeziwe. I-Vaporwave ikhuluma naleli siko “eliphansi” kakhulu - ngokwesibonelo, igoqa umculo wesitolo esikhulu kanye namashuni we-pop "webhande le-conveyor" kusukela kuma-80s "kwigobolondo lobuciko".

Umphumela uyindida futhi uhambisana ngendlela emangalisayo. Abantu abaningi bajwayelene nohlobo ngenxa yomsebenzi wabaculi BLACK BANSHEE kanye ne-Macintosh Plus. Kodwa okunye ukunyakaza kwezobuciko sekuqala ukubukisisa lobu buhle. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni embalwa edlule iNetflix yakhipha uchungechunge olupopayi ngomoya we-vaporwave olubizwa Neo Yokio. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, it isenzo senzeka e-Neo Yokio, idolobha lakusasa lapho izilwi ezicebile zamademoni zipenda izinwele zazo zibe pink futhi zixoxe ngezingubo zomklami.

Yiqiniso, izinganekwane zesayensi zanamuhla azigcini nje kulezi zinhlobo zomculo. Nokho, bangatshela okuningi ngezifiso nezinhlelo zethu zekusasa. Futhi, njengoba kuvela, akuzona zonke lezi zinhlelo ezixhumene nezesabekayo zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bamakhompiyutha - ngokuvamile, ngisho nalapho bechaza ikusasa, abalobi bezinganekwane zesayensi babeka umgomo wokucabanga kabusha noma "ukuphulukisa" okwedlule.

Source: www.habr.com