Inkathi ye-post-futurism yaqala eminyakeni engu-110 edlule. Khona-ke, ngo-1909, uFilippo Marinetti washicilela i-manifesto yekusasa, ememezela inkolo yekusasa nokubhujiswa kwesikhathi esidlule, isifiso sokusheshisa nokungesabi, ukuphika kokungabi nalutho nokwesaba. Sinqume ukwethula umjikelezo olandelayo futhi saxoxa nabantu abambalwa abalungile mayelana nendlela ababona ngayo i-2120.
Disclaimer. Mngane othandekayo, lungela. Lokhu kuzoba okuthunyelwe okude okunenqwaba yemininingwane yekusasa, ubungcweti obubonakala buhlanya nemicabango mayelana nekusasa esilifanele.
Amagama angukhiye ngaphambi kwe-kata ukuze ahehe: U-Andrey Sebrant wase-Yandex ne-TechSparks, u-Andrey Konyaev wase-N+1, u-Obrazovacha no-KuJi, u-Ivan Yamshchikov wase-ABBYY kanye ne-Max Planck Institute, u-Alexander Lozhechkin wase-Amazon, u-Konstantin Kichinsky ovela ku-NTI Platform kanye nowangaphambili. Microsoft, Valeria Kurmak from AIC kanye ex. I-Sberbank-Technology, u-Andrey Breslav we-JetBrains kanye nomdali we-Kotlin, u-Grigory Petrov wase-Evrone no-Alexander Andronov baseDodo Pizza.
Uhlu lokuqukethwe
ake sijwayelane
Ngalolu hlu singathatha umhlaba noma sintshontshe uKhisimusi, kodwa kunalokho sihlanganyela umbhalo.
- Umqondisi Wezokumaketha kwaMasu kwa , umbhali we-podcast , umbhali wesiteshi . Enye yezibalo zokuqala zeRunet, futhi angikwazi ukuqamba amanga. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, u-Andrey uyikhandidethi lesayensi yezomzimba nezibalo, uprofesa e-Higher School of Economics kanye nomklomelo weLenin Komsomol emkhakheni wesayensi nobuchwepheshe (1985).
– umshicileli woshicilelo oluku-inthanethi lwesayensi oludumile , umsunguli wemiphakathi и . Ngesikhathi sakhe samahhala sendlu yokushicilela nemiphakathi, u-Andrey uyikhandidethi lesayensi yezomzimba nezibalo futhi ufundisa e-Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics yaseMoscow State University. Futhi uyakwazi nokuba ngumsingathi we-podcast .
– Artificial intelligence umvangeli . Uthole i-PhD kwizibalo ezisetshenziswayo e-Brandenburg University of Technology (Cottbus, Germany). Njengamanje ungumcwaningi eMax Planck Institute (Leipzig, Germany). U-Ivan uhlola izimiso ezintsha zobuhlakani bokwenziwa ezingasiza ukuqonda ukuthi ubuchopho bethu busebenza kanjani, futhi asingathe i-podcast .
– owayengumshumayeli we-Microsoft waseMpumalanga Yurophu naseRussia, umqondisi womnyango wobuchwepheshe bamasu, futhi manje oyinhloko yeSolutions Architects kwa-Amazon Web Services (AWS) emazweni angu-100+ Izimakethe Ezisafufusa. Ngesikhathi sakhe samahhala ezinkampanini ze-IT, u-Alexander ubhala amanothi ngezinto ezahlukahlukene kweyakhe .
- Kusukela ngo-2010, ubelokhu ethuthukisa ulimi lohlelo lwe-Kotlin e-JetBrains. Ihambisana nendlela ye-PDD (intuthuko eqhutshwa inkanuko) empilweni. Ngokungeziwe ezihlokweni ze-IT, unaka kakhulu izindaba zokulingana ngokobulili kanye nokwelashwa kwengqondo futhi ungumsunguli wenkonzo. okusiza ukuthi uthole i-psychotherapist enhle. Ugcina ngokucophelela ukukhethwa kwezixhumanisi ezingxoxweni zakhe, izindatshana nemibiko. .
- Umqondisi Wokuzijwayeza Kwesipiliyoni Somuntu kwa-AIC, Uchwepheshe Wokuklama Obandakanyayo empilweni. Wazi yonke into mayelana ne-Umwelt, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo ngalolu lwazi ukuze udale imikhiqizo yedijithali ebandakanyayo. Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula uhlanganyela ubuchwepheshe bakhe esiteshini se-telegram . Uneziqinisekiso ezengeziwe: Umuntu Oqokelwe Isayensi Yezobuchwepheshe, umcwaningi wezenhlalo.
– Inhloko ye-NTI Franchise Centre e-NTI Platform ANO, ex.Microsoft-man enesipiliyoni seminyaka eyishumi. Awukwazi ukuhlala uthule futhi uhlale uhileleke kokuthile, isibonelo, kuphrojekthi . Kuthunyelwe ngu futhi iqhuba isiteshi mayelana nobuchwepheshe kuTelegram.
- I-DevRel enkampanini , umvangeli waseMoscow Python kanye nenhloko yekomidi le-Moscow Python Conf++ program. Ukuqopha ngezimpelasonto , kusihlwa uvakashela izingqungquthela enhloko-dolobha yezwe lethu kanye namazwe angomakhelwane. Imizuzwana esele yesikhathi itshalwe ngokubhala. .
- CTO eDodo Pizza, ungomunye wabaholi bohlelo lweDodo IS. Ngake ngathola ulwazi ku-Intel ne-Smart Step Group. Akakuthandi ngempela ukukhangisa, kodwa ulithanda ngempela iqembu lakhe nezinqumo ezinolwazi. Ngezikhathi zakusihlwa ufisa ukwethula isiko lokuthatha izinqumo eliqhutshwa yiData empilweni yeDodo Pizza.
Walala wavuka ngemva kweminyaka eyi-100, usadinga ukusebenza, ungathanda ukuba yini? Cabanga ngemisebenzi emithathu yesikhathi esizayo
U-Andrey Sebrant: Kulesi simo, okokuqala ngizoba nekhono eliyingqayizivele uchwepheshe we-retroreality. Okuyiqiniso, hhayi okokwenziwa, izinkumbulo zeminyaka eyikhulu edlule kuzodingeka zibize :) Yebo, noma kuzodingeka uzame ukuwenza kahle umsebenzi. umnikeli wemizwa engekho noma umlingisi ophambili kugeyimu yomlando. Andrey Konyaev: Yiqiniso, uma ngiphaphama ngemva kweminyaka eyi-100, ngizoba yilo muntu enginguye manje, okungukuthi, isazi sezibalo. Ngokuqondene nemisebenzi engasungulwa:
1. Uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe - umuntu omsebenzi wakhe uwukuqonda izindaba zokuziphatha ezisetshenziswayo, ahlaziye amacala asafufusa futhi akhiphe umbono wochwepheshe ngawo. Ingabe kuvumelekile ukwenza amakhophi abonakalayo abantu abashonile? Ingabe ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bungenza sengathi ungumuntu ophilayo ngenxa yenhlalakahle yomuntu?
2. Isisuli – umuntu umsebenzi wakhe kuwukucekela phansi umkhondo wedijithali. Kucatshangwa ukuthi abantu besikhathi esizayo bazoshintsha njalo igama nokubukeka kwabo ukuze babaleke ezonweni zesikhathi esidlule - isibonelo, wawudakiwe esikoleni, futhi manje ungumbhange ophumelelayo. Kepha kusasele umkhondo wesikole okufanele sicekelwe phansi ngobuchule nangobungcweti.
3. Ikhodi yomlimi. Ngokuzayo, ikhodi izobhalwa amanethiwekhi e-neural, okungenzeka kusetshenziswa i-evolutionary kanye namanye ama-algorithms. Ngakho-ke, izixazululo zezinkinga ezithile zizodinga ukuthuthukiswa kunokuba zisungulwe. Empeleni, umlimi ngumuntu one-neurofarm lapho le khodi ikhula khona. U-Andrey Breslav: Kukhona izinguqulo ezimbili zesikhathi esizayo: kwenye, sidale "ubuhlakani bokwenziwa obuqinile" futhi yonke into yathuthela emhlabeni obonakalayo. Kulo mhlaba awekho ubungcweti (ngokuqonda kwethu), futhi “umsebenzi” usho okunye.
Ngizocubungula enye inguqulo: asidalanga i-AI eqinile, ngakho-ke kusekhona abantu njengezidalwa zebhayoloji, futhi banobuchwepheshe obukhethekile. Khona-ke bayosindiswa ubungcweti bososayensi bocwaningo, abahleli abakha izinhlelo ezinembile ezithembekile (ngaleso sikhathi amanethiwekhi e-neural azovele abhekane nalawo anganembile), kanye nomsebenzi wobuciko ohambisana nokwakhiwa kwezithombe ezithinta imizwa: ababhali, isibonelo, noma abaqondisi. UKonstantin Kichinsky:
- Umhleli wefomu lempilo yokwenziwa: umuntu “oklama” izinhlobo ezintsha zokuphila, “obeka” indlela yokuziphatha yalezo ezikhona, “obhala” izinto ezihlanganisa amaprotheni, “ahlanganise” idatha ku-DNA, futhi yilokho kuphela.
- Umakhi wamadolobha angaphansi kwamanzi/angaphezulu/womoya/wenyanga/…: umuntu odala futhi ophathe izindawo ezintsha zokuhlaliswa kwabantu nemisebenzi ehlotshaniswa nayo ye-urbanism, i-architecture, ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza, njll.
- Kumnandi: Umuntu odala eminye imihlaba endaweni yekhulu lama-21.
Ivan Yamshchikov: Kulula kakhulu kimi lapha. Umsebenzi wami ngeke ushabalale eminyakeni eyi-100. Noma kunalokho, uma eminyakeni eyikhulu ngeke kube khona ososayensi, eminyakeni eyi-100 ngeke kube khona ubuntu ngomqondo wegama njengoba siqonda isintu. Uma uhlobo lwebhayoloji i-Homo Sapiens luqhubeka nokuba khona futhi lungadali ubuhlakani bokwenziwa obuphakeme kunobuhlakani bomuntu, khona-ke kunomsebenzi wososayensi.
Uma bengangithathi njengososayensi eminyakeni eyikhulu, ngizoya abaklami be-ecosystem abavaliwe. Uma sifunda ukudala izisekelo zesikhala "zomjikelezo ogcwele", lapho ukuphila kuzokwazi ukuphila ngokuzenzakalelayo, khona-ke ngicabanga ukuthi kuzoba nesidingo sokwakhiwa kwemvelo yalolu hlobo. Kuzoba nemisebenzi eminingi: indlela yokuqinisekisa isimo sezulu esithile, nendlela yokufeza izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezanele, indlela yokwenza konke kube kuhle, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kusebenze. Uhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwamakhono luzosebenza lapha: kusuka kumklamo wokwakheka kwezwe kuya ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha.
Ngingawubiza ngokuthi umsebenzi wesithathu umhlahlandlela obonakalayo. Cabanga ngomqondisi wezokuvakasha, ongathi, ngokucwayiza kwesandla sakhe, angakuthatha emdwebeni wakwaRubens akuyise endaweni yokucima ukoma yangekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa, akubonise i-brushstroke yomdwebi ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, akuthumele ezikhathini zeBhayibheli ngenkathi ephindaphinda iVangeli likaLuka, futhi ngikubuyisele emuva emdwebeni. Futhi bonke ngomuzwa wokucwiliswa ngokuphelele emlandweni.
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bento engekho ngokoqobo kanye nezixhumanisi ze-neural, ulwazi olungatholwa kuzo luzohluka kakhulu futhi luhehe. Umsebenzi kuzoba ukuxhumanisa izindawo ezihlukene zibe indaba eyodwa, ukuyisungula, nokuyenza ivumelane nezimo. Kuyacaca ukuthi izinto ezinjalo ezikhangayo zizozenzakalela, kodwa izindleko zokuxhumana nabantu zizokhula. Ngakho-ke, "isipiliyoni" esiyingqayizivele, esitholakala kumhlahlandlela onombono, ukufinyelela ngokushesha kusisekelo solwazi, futhi okwazi ukuxhumana nawe ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo se-neural, cishe izokwaziswa inani eliphakeme futhi ihluke ngekhwalithi kunesipiliyoni ngaphandle komuntu. ukubamba iqhaza. Kufana nokuthi umdlalo wekhompyutha manje uhluke kanjani ku-DnD yakudala. Alexander Andronov: Angazi ukuthi kuzokwenzekani eminyakeni eyikhulu. Mhlawumbe konke okuzungezile kuzoba amarobhothi, futhi abantu bayoba nesidingo sokuwabulala? Khona-ke ngizodala Ibhizinisi lokubulala amarobhothi. Noma konke okusemhlabeni kuzoba yisikhali. Ngizokwenza njalo izikhali zohwebo. Noma umuntu ngeke abe nesikhala somuntu siqu esisele, kodwa kuzovela uhlobo olusha lwe-inthanethi eyimfihlo. Khona-ke ngizokwenzela izinkonzo. Hhayi-ke, noma lokhu: eminyakeni eyikhulu, zonke izimoto zizolawulwa kusetshenziswa ama-autopilot, ukushayela kuzoba mnandi nje. Ngabe sengi Ngizokwakha ipaki yokuzijabulisa lapho ungashayela khona ukuze ujabule. Valeria Kurmak:
- Umklami womzimba. Ngokuzayo, umzimba uzoshintshwa kokubili ngenxa yofuzo nangenxa yezingxenye zomzimba ezingezona ezebhayoloji. Isibonelo soshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo isakhi sofuzo esihlanganisiwe se-jellyfish ku-DNA ye-marmoset isikhumba sayo sikhanya sibe luhlaza lapho sichayeke ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet.
Impumelelo emkhakheni wezingxenye ezingezona ezemvelo yenziwa ithimba likaHugh Herr, owakha isixhumi esibonakalayo esixhumanisa izinzwa esithweni esisele ne-bionic prosthesis yangaphandle futhi ikuvumela ukuba sizwe njengengxenye egcwele umzimba. Esikhathini esizayo, ikhono lokuxhuma izicubu ze-nerve ngezinqubo zokwenziwa kuzovumela umuntu ukuthi angagcini nje ngokushintsha izitho ezilahlekile, kodwa futhi enze umzimba wesimanje onempilo ngokuphelele, awufake nezingxenye ezingezona ezomuntu. Isibonelo, amaphiko, lapho i-cyborg izozizwa njengezitho zayo zangaphakathi futhi izokwazi ukuwalawula ngokusebenza kahle okuncane.
- Umklami we-Omniinterface. Abantu banezitho zemizwa eziyisi-6. Namuhla, izixhumanisi zisebenza kakhulu ngokubona. Izixhumi ezibonakalayo ezisebenza ngokuzwa seziqala ukukhula. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona ukunambitheka, iphunga, ukuthinta kanye nemishini ye-vestibular. Ngicabanga ukuthi esikhathini esizayo ngeke kube khona kuphela ukuxhumana kwalezi zindlela zokubona, kodwa futhi ne-hybridity yalezi zindlela zokubona.
- Umcwaningi. Namuhla kubonakala sengathi idatha enkulu izokuvumela ukuthi wazi konke ngomuntu. Idatha ikuvumela ngempela ukuthi ubone ukuthi kwenzekani, kodwa ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka, udinga ukuya emasimini, uthole izisusa, ukwesaba, izifiso. Kubonakala sengathi ezinye izingcweti zizohlala zingashintshile.
Alexander Lozhechkin: Angivumelani nokwakhiwa kombuzo othi “usekhona umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe.” Lokhu kusho ukuthi angikabi umuntu ohola impesheni noma usozigidi (okuyinto efanayo ngokuyisisekelo - lapho kukhona uhlobo oluthile lwemali engenayo olungivumela ukuthi ngingacabangi ngezindleko zokuphila)? Ngenhlanhla, ngikude nosozigidi. Futhi ngethemba ngempela (yebo, angiqambi amanga) ukuthi ngeke ngibe munye. Nokho, njengomuntu ohola impesheni.
Ngivilapha kakhulu, ngakho-ke uma, uNkulunkulu engavumi, ngingakwazi ukukhokhela ukungasebenzi, ngesaba ukuthi ngeke ngikwazi ukuziphoqa emsebenzini. Futhi kusukela ekuseni kuze kube sebusuku ngizobuka i-YouTube noma ngiskrole kokuphakelayo kwami ku-Facebook (noma yini ezokwenzeka lapho eminyakeni eyikhulu). Akukhona ukuthi angithandi ukusebenza, kodwa ukugqugquzela okuphindwe kabili (isifiso nesidingo) kusebenza kangcono kunokugqugquzela okukodwa. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngethemba ukuthi umphakathi wethu eminyakeni eyi-100 uzoba nempilo enhle kangangokuthi ngeke ube nalezi zinsalela ezimbi zesikhathi esidlule, njengefa (okugqugquzela abantu ukuba bathathe futhi bathathe ngokungapheli, kunokuba banikeze futhi banikeze) noma impesheni, engithemba ukuthi ngeke sisadingeka, ngoba umuthi uzovumela abantu ukuthi bahlale bewusizo emphakathini, futhi bangabi umthwalo kuwo, isikhathi eside njengoba befisa.
Ngokuqondene nombuzo othi "ubani ozoba" - lena yesibili. Ngethemba ukuthi eminyakeni eyikhulu ngizohlala ngivumelana nezimo futhi ngihamba ngokwanele ukuze ngithole okuthile engikuthandayo okuzodingwa abantu bangaleso sikhathi. Ngakho-ke impendulo emfushane yombuzo othi “okufanele ube yini” iwukuba usizo nokuvumelana nezimo.UGrigory Petrov:
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sobuhlakani bokwenziwa, umklami wesipiliyoni, umhlahlandlela wemihlaba ebonakalayo.
Ingabe ubheka isiqondiso se-IT njengendawo ethembisayo yokusebenza kule minyaka eyi-100 ezayo? Ingabe ikhona indawo ethembisayo efanayo?
U-Andrey Sebrant: Angiqiniseki nge-IT... Ngendlela yayo yamanje ngeke neze isinde. Kodwa noma iyiphi i-“bio” (njengesiqalo semisebenzi engakabi khona) izodingeka nakanjani. Eminyakeni eyikhulu, ngeke sikwazi ukuhlukana ngokuphelele ne-biological essence, kodwa sizoyeka ukuba namahloni ngokuyishintsha.Andrey Konyaev: Awukho umkhakha we-IT osenesikhathi eside ukhona. Amakhono okubhala amakhodi aba imfuneko yokusebenza cishe kunoma yimuphi umkhakha. Ukuthi nje abantu bayizidalwa ezingenangqondo futhi bayaqhubeka, ngaphandle komkhuba, ukubiza abantu ababhekele ingqalasizinda yebhizinisi labo ochwepheshe be-IT. Valeria Kurmak: IT iyindawo ebanzi kakhulu. Kunemisebenzi eminingi kuyo, eminye iphenduka umsebenzi wezandla. Isibonelo, i-Google inohlelo lapho abasebenzi baqeqeshwa kabusha njengabathuthukisi. Labo. onjiniyela balahlekelwa isimo sabo njengomsebenzi othile oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi okhethekile.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, "abantu" abaningi bavela ngaphakathi kwe-IT abaxazulula izinkinga ezibonakala zingezona eze-IT, isibonelo, umhleli we-UX. I-IT kimina ayiyona insimu ngempela, kunalokho iyithuluzi lokuxazulula izinkinga, njengesiNgisi, esidingekayo ukuze kuqondwe esinye. Ngokwayo ayinanzuzo. Ngosizo lwe-IT, imisebenzi yokwenza lula isipiliyoni somsebenzisi, ukusheshisa ukuxhumana neklayenti, ukukhulisa nokunciphisa izindleko zezinqubo zangaphakathi ziyaxazululwa.
Uma sikhuluma ngezindawo ezithembisayo zentuthuko ezingeke zife futhi zizothuthuka kakhulu, khona-ke kimina kuyisikhala kanye nezakhi zofuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abasebenza kulezi zindawo, njengomthetho, bayazi isiNgisi futhi bayakwazi ukuhlela.
UKonstantin Kichinsky: I-IT kanye nezinto eziphuma kuyo izotholakala yonke indawo, kodwa ukuqonda kwethu kwamanje kwe-IT kuzothengiswa eminyakeni eyi-100 njengoba kwenzeka ugesi manje. Ngizobheka lokhu okulandelayo njengezindawo ezithembisayo ezifanayo:
- i-biotech, izakhi zofuzo, i-computational biology;
- izinto ze-quantum, izinzwa - ukulawulwa kwenqubo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto zokwakha, ukwakhiwa kwamakhompyutha ezingeni le-quantum;
- Amasistimu e-cyber-living - zonke izinhlobo zokukhuliswa kwabantu nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Umbuzo wukuthi konke lokhu kuzotholakala ngobuningi babo ngomkhawulo wokungenela ophansi uma kuqhathaniswa.
U-Andrey Breslav: Yebo, futhi hhayi ukuhlela kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-QA, engaba ebaluleke nakakhulu ngokusakazwa kwamanethiwekhi we-neural (sebevele bafunde indlela yokwenza okuthile, kodwa akekho oqonda ngokugcwele ukuthi yini ngempela).
Zonke izindawo ezihlobene nokucabanga kokudala zizohlala zifunwa ngezinga elithile. Ikakhulukazi, isayensi nokuphatha. Kunzima ukubikezela ukuthi bangaki ochwepheshe abanjalo abazodingeka, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi baningi kunamanje.Alexander Andronov: IT isiqondiso esithembisayo esikhathini esingeyona iminyaka eyi-100, kodwa esikhathini seminyaka eyi-1000. Insimu ethembisayo eqhathaniswayo iwumuthi, ngoba kuzoba nemikhuba eminingi yokushintsha izitho, izingxenye zezitho, abantu bazokwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha. Isintu sizofinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi uma into ethile kumuntu iphukile, ingashintshwa ngokushesha, futhi ingafi. UGrigory Petrov: Ngikholwa ukuthi esikhathini esiyiminyaka eyi-100, yonke into exhumene nokuxhumana nobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu izobe ithembisa. Njengoba ukuhlela kuwukwakhiwa komphakathi "Ngifuna lokho ..." ngendlela ehlelekile, insimu ingaphezu kokuthembisa. Izindawo eziqhathaniswayo, ngicabanga, ziyikho konke okuhlobene nokuzijabulisa. Ukwenza imidlalo yekhompiyutha, isibonelo.Ivan Yamshchikov: Kubonakala kimi ukuthi uma siqonda i-IT kabanzi njengokuthi "ubuchwepheshe bolwazi," khona-ke kukhona amathemba amaningi lapha. Ngokuvamile, siyabona ukuthi manje cishe zonke izindawo zomsebenzi womuntu ziqala ukuthuthela kudijithali. Ngakho kunomsebenzi owanele lapha, kodwa udinga ukuqonda ukuthi i-IT kulokhu kuqonda iyithuluzi lokuxazulula inkinga ethile.
Imisebenzi ngokwayo izoshintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kubonakala kimi, isibonelo, ukuthi izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo ezenzekayo manje ku-biology. Ngine-podcast . Izindaba eziphathelene nezinto eziphilayo zokwenziwa noma izakhi zofuzo zesimanje ezinye zezintandokazi zami. Kukhona okusha okwenzeka njalo ku-biotech, imithi, kanye ne-pharmacology.Alexander Lozhechkin: Kuncike encazelweni ye-IT. IT yavela ku-cybernetics, isayensi eyasungulwa ngendlela yayo yesimanje nguNorbert Wiener ngo-1948 (wona kanye umqondo, njengoba ubhorenda manje uzongilungisa, wasungulwa ngu-Ampere, okuyiVolt ehlukaniswe ngu-Ohm, ngaphambili kancane). Futhi i-cybernetics isayensi yokuphatha nokudlulisa ulwazi. Ukulawula nokudluliswa kolwazi emishinini, ezintweni eziphilayo, emphakathini, noma kuphi.
Manje i-cybernetics izibona ngokwayo ikakhulukazi ngesimo samawafa e-silicon anamaphethini amahle. Kusasa - ngendlela ye-quantum computing noma i-biotechnology. Futhi lokhu, lokho, nokwesithathu kumane kuyizindlela zokusebenzisa izimiso ze-cybernetics, okuyinto, njengomthetho ka-Ohm, eyayikhona kudala ngaphambi “kokutholwa” kwayo. Futhi izohlale ikhona futhi izothembisa nakanjani. Njengomthetho ka-Ohm.
Yiziphi izindawo ocabanga ukuthi ongoti be-IT bazokhokhelwa kuzo ngaphezulu? Isikhala, umuthi, ukulawula ingqondo, inketho yakho?
Valeria Kurmak: Ngezwa umusho omnandi: “Kulula ukucabanga ukuphela komhlaba kunokuphela konxiwankulu.” Ngeshwa, ngeke bakhokhe ezindaweni ezibalulekile esintwini - indawo noma umuthi. Bazokhokha, njengenjwayelo, ezindaweni ezikhiqiza imali.
Namuhla, inani elikhulu labantu abanamakhono bachitha isikhathi sabo emikhankasweni yokukhangisa nezindlela zokuthengisa ezigamified. Uma ulalela ezingqungqutheleni ukuthi abafana baqhamuke kanjani nesixazululo esihlakaniphile, ingqondo yakho iyaqhuma, ngoba bonke lobu buhlakani buchithwe ukuthengisa “udoti wekati.” Ngenxa yalokho, ochwepheshe abaningi namuhla bakhetha inkambu hhayi ngenani, kodwa ngenani inkambu noma inkampani emnikeza yona noma isintu. Kubalulekile ukuthi izinkampani zicabangele indlela yokuxhumana nabasebenzi bazo ukubaluleka nokubaluleka komsebenzi wabo.
UKonstantin Kichinsky: Ekusekeleni izinhlelo zokugcinwa komlando ezizuzwe njengefa kusukela ekhulwini lama-21. Angazi ukuthi kuzoba yini okulingana ne-COBOL eminyakeni eyi-100.
U-Andrey Breslav: Kungenzeka impela ukuthi eminyakeni eyi-100 bonke ochwepheshe be-IT bazokhokhelwa cishe ngendlela efanayo, ngoba wonke umsebenzi olula uzozenzekela futhi kusele umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi ngempela. Ngakho abantu bazokhokha kakhulu lapho bengafuni ukusebenza khona. Mhlawumbe endaweni ethile ohlelweni lodlame lombuso (amaphoyisa noma okufana nalo).Alexander Andronov: Eminyakeni eyikhulu, mhlawumbe kwezokwelapha. Nakuba, eqinisweni, ngikholelwa ukuthi bazokhokha cishe okufanayo yonke indawo. Umehluko awumkhulu ngokwanele ukuba ucatshangelwe nhlobo. UGrigory Petrov: Bazokhokha kakhulu esigabeni esikhulu kakhulu, lapho kudingeka khona iziqu eziphezulu. Ngicabanga ukuthi kusazoba ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokusebenza nokuzenzakalelayo. Naphezu kokuthi izinkinga ezilula zizoxazululwa kalula, ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi uzodinga ochwepheshe, ochwepheshe abaningi. Futhi imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu izodinga ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu, abazokhokhelwa kakhulu.Ivan Yamshchikov: Kimina kubonakala sengathi ngeke kube khona umehluko omkhulu kusuka embonini kuya kwezimboni. Okuhlukile cishe kuzoba ukulawula ukwazi kwabantu. Uma izinhlelo ezinjalo zisebenza, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo othile unokulawula okuphelele phezu kwazo, khona-ke zizothonya umphathi wazo kuqala.Alexander Lozhechkin: Eminyakeni eyi-100 kamuva? Intengo, okuhlanganisa intengo yomsebenzi, inqunywa ibhalansi yokuhlinzeka kanye nesidingo. Ngenxa yokukhiqizwa okukhulu kwama-silicon chips, ochwepheshe be-IT bazithole sebedingeka kakhulu emakethe. Bacabanga ukuthi yingoba behlakaniphe kakhulu. Kungenzeka. Kodwa kuphela ngokwengxenye. Eqinisweni, ngenxa yokuthi bambalwa, kodwa kudingeka okwengeziwe.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, isici esinciphisayo kwakuyinani lamahhashi ayekwazi ukuthwala imithwalo. (Eqinisweni, kwakungekona lokhu okwakukhawulela, kodwa kunalokho inani lomquba okhiqizwa amahhashi okwakudingeka ukhishwe - umbuthano ononya. Ngendlela, into efanayo eyenzekayo manje nabantu be-IT: bakhiqiza kakhulu. .. hmm... akuyona isofthiwe enhle kakhulu , ukuthi abantu abaningi be-IT bayadingeka ukuze babhekane nayo). Khona-ke kungazelelwe imoto yasungulwa njengendlela yokusabela esidingweni esikhulayo sokuthutha.
Noma isiphi isidingo esingafezeki ngokushesha noma kamuva siholela ekusungulweni kokuthile okungekho muntu okulindele. Ngendlela efanayo, ngicabanga ukuthi ama-StackOverflow-coders, angakwazi ukusesha futhi akopishe ingxenye yekhodi efiselekayo ku-inthanethi, maduze angeke adingeki kakhulu. Kodwa abantu abakwazi ukuqhamuka nento engakaze ibe khona bazobe befunwa njalo futhi yonke indawo.
U-Andrey Sebrant: Ngicabanga ukuthi izindawo ezizokhokha kakhulu kuzoba yilezo eziphuma ku-bioinformatics yanamuhla. Asikabazi ingqikithi namagama abo, kunjalo.
Ucabanga ukuthi ngamuphi unyaka amarobhothi azobe ehlakaniphe ngokwanele ukuthi “akhiphe ama-chips kuwo ngokwawo avimbela ukuthi angabulali abantu”?
Andrey Konyaev: Ngokunokwenzeka, amarobhothi esikhathi esizayo angeke abe yi-hardware, kodwa azoba ama-software kanye nezinkimbinkimbi zobuchwepheshe. Okuthile okufana nezinhlelo ze-movie "I-Matrix", elula kuphela futhi engenawo ama-avatar abantu.
Ngokuphathelene nokuphela kwezwe, ngeke kube nesidingo sokubulala abantu. Kuyokwanela ukuhlela ukuwa komnotho, ukwehluleka kokuxhumana komhlaba wonke noma into enjalo.Valeria Kurmak: Umehluko phakathi kwe- "The Terminator" ne-movie ethi "Her" ukuthi kumarobhothi okuqala afuna ukunqoba abantu, futhi okwesibili abona isintu njengesidalwa esibuthakathaka nesithuthukisiwe, futhi avele asishiyele ubukhulu be-intanethi. . Vuma, kuyaxaka ukufuna ukubulala idlozi. Ngicabanga ukuthi kuzoba nendaba yesithathu. Umuntu uzoba yisidalwa esiyingxube esiphila ngezinto ezimbili ezingokoqobo: ukuba ne-chip ezosivumela ukuthi siphindaphinde izinombolo ezinamadijithi angu-30 ngezinombolo ezinamadijithi angu-50 ngesivinini esifanayo nesekhompyutha, kodwa sisazoba nobuchopho bethu, obuzoqhubeka ziphenduke.UKonstantin Kichinsky: Angicabangi ukuthi bazoba nama-chips anjalo. Ngisho ukuthi, asazi ukuthi singayichaza kanjani i-100% ngendlela efanele irobhothi ukuthi "kancane futhi uzobulala umuntu, ungakwenzi lokho." Ngalo mqondo, ngeke kube khona isitobha chip. Ngezinye izikhathi amarobhothi azomane ahlelwe ngokungahleliwe noma ngokuvamile ukuze abulale abantu. Ngiyangabaza ukuthi amasosha azosenqaba isilingo esinjalo.U-Andrey Breslav: Kunendlela elula kakhulu yokugwema ukuvukela kwemishini: ngokushesha nje lapho imishini isihlakaniphe ngokwanele, bonke abantu bazokwazi ukushintsha imizimba yabo yezinto eziphilayo bafake eyenziwe umuntu futhi babe imishini. Emva kwalokhu, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwesintu namarobhothi kuzolahlekelwa incazelo yawo kakhulu.Alexander Andronov: Uma amarobhothi efuna ukuqothula isintu, ngeke akwenze ngezandla zawo. Bazomane basiqhubele ezimpini nasekubhujisweni. Embulungeni yonke, isintu ngokwaso sibhekana kahle nokubhujiswa kwaso, maye.UGrigory Petrov: Maye, akukho "ozimele". Kukhona oqeqeshiwe. Impela uma othile ebafundisa lokhu. Okungukuthi, eminyakeni engu-50 ezayo sisazophila futhi ... ngeke neze sesabe. Abantu sebebhekane ngokuphumelelayo nalo msebenzi izinkulungwane zeminyaka; akunakwenzeka ukuthi ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bukwazi ukuncintisana nezinhlobo zethu zebhayoloji ekuqothuleni uhlobo lwazo.Ivan Yamshchikov: Sisekude kakhulu nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, futhi izibikezelo emkhakheni wentuthuko yesayensi kuwumsebenzi ongabongi. Namuhla, abantu abaningi bamatasatasa batadisha izindaba ezimpambanweni zezokuphepha, izimiso zokuziphatha kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Eminingi yemibuzo isengeyethiyori nje, njengoba kungekho ngisho nokusikisela kobuhlakani bokwenziwa “obuqinile” obungaba nendlela yakho yokubeka umgomo.Alexander Lozhechkin: Ingabe ucabanga ukuthi manje sesilawula ama-algorithms esiwadalayo? Noma okungenani baqonde ukuthi basebenza kanjani? Ngokusabalala okusabalele kwama-algorithms anganqunyelwe lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “Ukufunda Ngomshini”, lokhu akusenjalo. Ngakho-ke ngicabanga ukuthi impendulo eqotho yalo mbuzo ithi “asazi” futhi cishe ngeke sazi.
Kodwa ngokuvamile, ingabe isintu siphila kuze kube ngu-2120?
Andrey Konyaev: Lizophila libone lapho liya khona.
U-Andrey Sebrant: Yebo :) Kodwa ngiyazibuza ukuthi izobukeka kanjani futhi izoba nobani.
UKonstantin Kichinsky: Yebo, akhona amathuba. Bathi u-Elon Musk wazi okuthile, ukwakha amarokhethi, ukumba imigudu, ukuthuthukisa amandla ahlukile.
U-Andrey Breslav: Uma engaphili, cishe akunakwenzeka ngenxa yamarobhothi. Cishe, okuthile kuzoshintsha kakhulu endaweni yesimo sezulu, noma omunye wabantu uzokwenza into ewubuwula futhi asebenzise isikhali esibhubhisa kakhulu. Kodwa kunethemba lokuthi uma lokhu kungenzeki phakathi nekhulu lama-100, siyokwazi ukuqhubeka eminye iminyaka eyikhulu.
Alexander Andronov: Iminyaka eyikhulu ayiningi kangako. Impela sizosinda.
UGeorge Petrov: Ngithemba ukuthi isintu sizophila, futhi ngizophila. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemithi kuyinto yonke kithi.
Ivan Yamshchikov: “Angazi ukuthi impi yezwe yesithathu izoliwa ngaziphi izikhali, kodwa impi yezwe yesine izoliwa ngezinduku namatshe.” Ukuvimbela izinhlekelele ezingaholela ekufeni kwesintu kuwumthwalo wethu sonke. Ngethemba ngempela ukuthi singayiphatha.
Valeria Kurmak: Uma sikhuluma ngokwesaba izimpi, njengoba ngike ngasho, namuhla i-capitalism iyabusa, futhi izimpi ngomqondo wakudala azinanzuzo ngakho. Yingakho izimpi esizibona namuhla zingezomnotho. Ngicabanga ukuthi ngesayensi yesimanje, hhayi isintu kuphela, kodwa futhi mina nabantu besikhathi sami sinethuba lokuphila kuze kube ngu-2120. Ngikholwa ngempela ukuthi maningi amathuba okuthi lokhu kwenzeke.
Alexander Lozhechkin: Nganoma yimiphi imibuzo enzima, impendulo yencazelo efanele ivame ukusiza. Kuyini "ubuntu"? Ingabe lona umphakathi wezidalwa zamaprotheni zohlobo lwe-Homo Sapiens kuplanethi enguMhlaba?
Ngicabanga ukuthi izosinda ngendlela eyodwa noma enye. Kodwa, uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, lokhu akusabalulekile kimi, njengoba sesiphila futhi sithuthuka isikhathi eside asisekho ngesimo sezidalwa zamaprotheni, kodwa ngendlela yemibono engabonakali. Futhi kuleli fomu, angingabazi ukuthi sizosinda. Ngisho noma kungazelelwe, naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo ye-eco-activists, iLanga liyaqhuma - phela, i-Voyager, ngokuzuzwa komcabango womuntu, esikhathini esingengakanani edlule yandizela ngaphandle kwesimiso sonozungezilanga.
Bangane, abafunde nabafika ekugcineni, sithemba ukuthi niyijabulele ingxoxo yethu. Siphinde saqopha isivivinyo ukuze sizijabulise
Source: www.habr.com