Amandla e-kinetic e-Sapsan ngesivinini esiphezulu angaphezu kuka-1500 megajoules. Ukuze ume ngokuphelele, konke kufanele kuhlakazwe yimishini yokubhuleka.
Kwakukhona into khona lapha kuHabre. Ziningi impela izindatshana ezibuyekezwayo ngezihloko zikaloliwe ezishicilelwa lapha, kodwa lesi sihloko asikakahlanganiswa ngokuningiliziwe. Ngicabanga ukuthi kungaba okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukubhala isihloko mayelana nalokhu, futhi mhlawumbe ngaphezu kweyodwa. Ngakho-ke, ngicela ikati lalabo abanentshisekelo yokuthi ama-braking systems okuthutha izitimela aklanywa kanjani, futhi yiziphi izizathu eziklanywe ngale ndlela.
1. Umlando wamabhuleki emoyeni
Umsebenzi wokulawula noma iyiphi imoto uhlanganisa ukulawula isivinini sayo. Ezokuthutha ngololiwe nazo, ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zokwakheka kwazo zethula ama-nuances abalulekile kule nqubo. Isitimela siqukethe inani elikhulu lamakalishi axhumene, futhi uhlelo oluvelayo lunobude obubalulekile nesisindo ngesivinini esihlonipheke kakhulu.
A-priory, amabhuleki ayisethi yamadivayisi aklanyelwe ukudala amandla okwenziwa, alungisekayo ukumelana asetshenziselwa ukwehlisa ngokulawulekayo isivinini semoto.
Okusobala kakhulu, ngaphezulu, indlela yokudala amandla okubhuleka ukusebenzisa i-friction. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube namuhla, sekusetshenziswe amabhuleki okushayisana kwezicathulo. Amadivayisi akhethekile - ama-brake pads, enziwe ngezinto ezine-coefficient ephezulu yokungqubuzana, acindezelwa ngomshini ngokumelene nendawo ejikelezayo yesondo (noma ngokumelene nama-disc akhethekile afakwe ku-axle ye-wheelset). Kuvela amandla ashayisanayo phakathi kwamaphedi nesondo, okwenza itorque yokubhuleka.
I-braking force ilungiswa ngokushintsha amandla okucindezela ama-pads ngokumelene nesondo - i-brake pressure. Umbuzo kuphela ukuthi iyiphi idrayivu esetshenziselwa ukucindezela ama-pads, futhi, ngokwengxenye, umlando wamabhuleki umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwalokhu kushayela.
Amabhuleki okuqala kaloliwe ayengomshini futhi ayesebenza ngesandla, ngokwehlukana enqoleni ngayinye ngabantu abakhethekile - amabhuleki noma ama-conductor. Amakhondaktha abekwe endaweni okuthiwa yi-brake platforms lapho imoto ngayinye ihlonywa ngayo, futhi babambe amabhuleki lapho kuphawulwa umshayeli wesitimela. Ukushintshana kwezimpawu phakathi komshayeli namakhondaktha kwenziwa kusetshenziswa intambo yesiginali ekhethekile eyelulelwe kuso sonke isitimela, eyavula ikhwela elikhethekile.
Inqola yezimpahla yama-axle amabili yakudala ene-brake pad. Ibhande lebhuleki lesandla liyabonakala
Ibhuleki eliqhutshwa ngomshini ngokwalo linamandla amancane. Inani lokucindezela kwamabhuleki lincike emandleni kanye nobuciko bomqhubi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici somuntu siphazamise ukusebenza kwalolu hlelo lwe-braking - abaqhubi abazange benze njalo imisebenzi yabo ngendlela efanele. Sasingekho isidingo sokukhuluma ngokusebenza kahle okukhulu kwamabhuleki anjalo, kanye nokwenyuka kwejubane lezitimela ezihlome ngazo.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwamabhuleki kuyadingeka, okokuqala, ukwanda kwengcindezi yamabhuleki, futhi okwesibili, kungenzeka ukulawula okukude kuzo zonke izimoto ezivela emsebenzini womshayeli.
I-hydraulic drive esetshenziswa kumabhuleki ezimoto isisabalele ngenxa yokuthi ihlinzeka ngengcindezi ephezulu ngama-compact actuators. Kodwa-ke, lapho usebenzisa uhlelo olunjalo esitimeleni, kuzovela i-drawback yayo eyinhloko: isidingo soketshezi olukhethekile olusebenzayo - i-brake fluid, ukuvuza okungamukeleki. Ubude obukhulu bemigqa yamabhuleki e-hydraulic esitimeleni, kanye nezidingo eziphezulu zokucinana kwabo, kwenza kungenzeki futhi kungabi nangqondo ukwakha ibhuleki likaloliwe elisebenza ngaphansi komhlaba.
Enye into i-pneumatic drive. Ukusetshenziswa komoya ocindezelayo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola ukucindezela kwamabhuleki aphezulu ngobukhulu obamukelekayo be-actuator - amasilinda amabhuleki. Akukho ukushoda koketshezi olusebenzayo - umoya usizungezile, futhi noma kukhona ukuvuza koketshezi olusebenzayo ohlelweni lwamabhuleki (futhi kunjalo ngempela), lungagcwaliswa kalula uma kuqhathaniswa.
Isistimu yebhuleki elula esebenzisa amandla omoya acindezelwe yi ibhuleki elisebenza ngqo elingelona elizenzakalelayo
Umdwebo we-brake non-automatic osebenza ngokuqondile: 1 - compressor; 2 - ithangi eliyinhloko; 3 - umugqa wokuhlinzeka; 4 - i-crane yesitimela somshayeli; 5 - umugqa wamabhuleki; I-6 - i-cylinder ye-brake; 7 - intwasahlobo yokukhululwa; 8, 9 - ukudluliswa kwamabhuleki emishini; 10 - ibhuleki pad.
Ukuze usebenzise leli bhuleki, kudingeka umoya ocindezelwe, ogcinwe esitimeleni ethangini elikhethekile elibizwa ngokuthi. indawo yokugcina amanzi (2). Ukujova umoya ethangini eliyinhloko nokugcina ingcindezi eqhubekayo kuyo kwenziwa i-compressor (1), eshayelwa isikhungo sikagesi sesitimela. Umoya ocindezelwe uhlinzekwa emishinini yokulawula amabhuleki ngepayipi elikhethekile elibizwa okunomsoco (NM) noma ingcindezi umgwaqo omkhulu (3).
Amabhuleki ezimoto ayalawulwa futhi umoya ocindezelwe unikezwa kuzo ngepayipi elide eligijima kuso sonke isitimela bese libizwa. i-brake line (TM) (5). Lapho umoya ocindezelweyo unikezwa nge-TM, uyagcwala amasilinda amabhuleki (TC) (6) exhunywe ngqo ku-TM. Umoya ocindezelwe ucindezela i-piston, ucindezela ama-brake pads 10 emasondweni, ku-locomotive nasezimotweni. Ukubhuleka kwenzeka.
Ukuyeka ukubhuleka, okungukuthi amaholide amabhuleki, kuyadingeka ukukhulula umoya emgqeni we-brake emkhathini, okuzoholela ekubuyiselweni kwezinqubo zokubhuleka endaweni yazo yasekuqaleni ngenxa yamandla emithombo yokukhululwa efakwe ku-TC.
Ukuze ubhuleke, kubalulekile ukuxhuma i-brake line (TM) ne-feed line (PM). Eholidini, xhuma i-brake line emkhathini. Le misebenzi yenziwa idivayisi ekhethekile - i-crane yesitimela somshayeli (4) - lapho ibhuleka, ixhuma i-PM ne-PM, lapho ikhululwa, inqamula la mapayipi, ngesikhathi esifanayo idedela umoya ovela ku-PM uye emkhathini.
Kulolu hlelo, kukhona indawo yesithathu, ephakathi nendawo ye-crane yomshayeli - uphahla kabusha lapho i-PM ne-TM zihlukaniswa, kodwa ukukhululwa komoya ku-TM emkhathini akwenzeki, i-crane yomshayeli ihlukanisa ngokuphelele. Ingcindezi eqoqwe ku-TM ne-TC iyagcinwa futhi isikhathi egcinwa ngaso ezingeni elimisiwe sinqunywa inani lokuvuza komoya ngokuvuza okuhlukahlukene, kanye nokumelana okushisayo kwama-brake pads, ashisa ngesikhathi sokungqubuzana. amasondo amasondo. Ukuyibeka ophahleni kokubili ngesikhathi sokubhuleka nangesikhathi sokukhululwa kukuvumela ukuthi ulungise amandla okubhuleka ngezinyathelo. Lolu hlobo lwebhuleki luhlinzeka kokubili i-step braking kanye nokukhululwa kwesinyathelo.
Naphezu kokuba lula kwalolu hlelo lwamabhuleki, lunenkinga enkulu - uma isitimela singahlangani, kugqashuka ibhuleki, kuphume umoya kuso futhi isitimela sisale singenamabhuleki. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ibhuleki elinjalo alikwazi ukusetshenziswa ekuthuthweni kwesitimela, izindleko zokuhluleka kwayo ziphezulu kakhulu. Ngisho nangaphandle kokuphuka kwesitimela, uma kukhona ukuvuza okukhulu komoya, ukusebenza kahle kwamabhuleki kuzoncipha.
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okungenhla, imfuneko iphakama yokuthi ukubhuleka kwezitimela akuqali ngokunyuka, kodwa ngokuncipha kwengcindezi ku-TM. Kodwa kanjani ke ukugcwalisa amasilinda brake? Lokhu kubangela imfuneko yesibili - iyunithi ngayinye ehambayo esitimeleni kufanele igcine umoya ocindezelweyo, okufanele ugcwaliswe ngokushesha ngemva kokubhuleka ngakunye.
Umcabango wobunjiniyela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-1872 wafinyelela eziphethweni ezifanayo, okwaholela ekwakhiweni kwebhuleki lokuqala likaloliwe elizenzakalelayo nguGeorge Westinghouse ngo-XNUMX.
Idivayisi ye-Westinghouse brake: 1 - compressor; 2 - ithangi eliyinhloko; 3 - umugqa wokuhlinzeka; 4 - i-crane yesitimela somshayeli; 5 - umugqa wamabhuleki; I-6 - i-air distributor (i-valve emithathu) yohlelo lwe-Westinghouse; I-7 - i-cylinder ye-brake; 8 - ithangi eliyisipele; 9 - i-valve yokumisa.
Isibalo sibonisa ukwakheka kwaleli bhuleki (Umdwebo a - ukusebenza kwebhuleki ngesikhathi sokukhululwa; b - ukusebenza kwebhuleki ngesikhathi sokubhuleka). Isici esiyinhloko se-Westigauze brake kwaba i-brake air distributor noma, njengoba kubizwa ngezinye izikhathi, i-valve kathathu. Lesi sabalalisi somoya (6) sinesitho esibucayi - ipiston esebenza umehluko phakathi kwezingcindezi ezimbili - kulayini wamabhuleki (TM) kanye nereservoir (R). Uma ingcindezi ku-TM iba ngaphansi kwe-TC, i-piston isuka kwesokunxele, ivule indlela yomoya usuka ku-CM uye ku-TC. Uma ukucindezela ku-TM kuba kukhulu kunokucindezela ku-SZ, i-piston iya kwesokudla, ixhumana ne-TC nomkhathi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ikhuluma ne-TM kanye ne-SZ, iqinisekisa ukuthi yokugcina igcwele umoya ocindezelwe i-TM.
Ngakho-ke, uma ingcindezi ku-TM yehla nganoma yisiphi isizathu, kungaba izenzo zomshayeli, ukuvuza komoya ngokweqile ku-TM, noma ukuphuka kwesitimela, amabhuleki azosebenza. Okusho ukuthi, amabhuleki anjalo anawo isenzo esizenzakalelayo. Le mpahla yebhuleki yenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukwengeza elinye ithuba lokulawula amabhuleki esitimela, asetshenziswa ezitimeleni zabagibeli kuze kube namuhla - isitobhi esiphuthumayo sesitimela umgibeli ngokuxhumana nomugqa webhuleki nomoya ngokusebenzisa i-valve ekhethekile - ibhuleki eliphuthumayo (9).
Kulabo abajwayelene nalesi sici sesistimu yokubhuleka isitimela, kuyahlekisa ukubuka amafilimu lapho amasela-ama-cowboy edume ngokuqaqa inqola enegolide esitimeleni. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, ama-cowboys kufanele, ngaphambi kokuqaqa, avale ama-valve okuphela komugqa wamabhuleki ohlukanisa umugqa wamabhuleki kumapayipi axhumayo phakathi kwezimoto. Kodwa abakwenzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-valve okugcina avaliwe abangele izinhlekelele ezimbi kakhulu ezihambisana nokuhluleka kwamabhuleki, kokubili lapha (Kamensk ngo-1987, Eral-Simskaya ngo-2011) nakwamanye amazwe.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukugcwaliswa kwamasilinda amabhuleki kuvela emthonjeni wesibili womoya ocindezelwe (ithangi eliyisipele), ngaphandle kokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ligcwaliswe njalo, ibhuleki elinjalo libizwa ngokuthi. ukwenza ngokungaqondile. Ukushaja ibhuleki ngomoya ocindezelwe kwenzeka kuphela lapho kukhululwa ibhuleki, okuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ngokubhuleka njalo okulandelwa ukukhululwa, uma kunesikhathi esinganele ngemuva kokukhululwa, ibhuleki ngeke libe nesikhathi sokushaja ingcindezi edingekayo. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhathaleni ngokuphelele kwebhuleki nokulahlekelwa ukulawula amabhuleki esitimela.
I-brake ye-pneumatic nayo inesinye isici esihlobene nokuthi ukwehla kwengcindezi emgqeni we-brake, njenganoma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka, kusakazeka emoyeni phezulu, kodwa namanje kunomkhawulo, isivinini - akukho ngaphezu kuka-340 m / s. Kungani kungenjalo? Ngoba ijubane lomsindo lilungile. Kodwa ohlelweni lwe-pneumatic yesitimela kunezithiyo eziningi ezinciphisa isivinini sokusakazeka kokwehla kwengcindezi ehambisana nokumelana nokugeleza komoya. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle uma kuthathwa izinyathelo ezikhethekile, izinga lokunciphisa ingcindezi ku-TM lizoba liphansi, lapho imoto isuka ku-locomotive. Endabeni ye-Westinghouse brake, isivinini salokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-braking wave ayidluli ku-180 - 200 m/s.
Nokho, ukufika kwebhuleki le-pneumatic kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukwandisa amandla amabhuleki kanye nokusebenza kahle kokulawula kwawo ngokuqondile endaweni yokusebenzela yomshayeli.Lokhu kwaba umfutho onamandla ekuthuthukisweni kokuthuthwa kwesitimela, okwandisa ijubane nesisindo izitimela, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukwanda okukhulu kwenani lezimpahla ezithunyelwa ujantshi, ukwanda kobude bemizila yezitimela emhlabeni wonke.
UGeorge Westinghouse wayengeyena nje umsunguli, kodwa futhi nosomabhizinisi othakazelisayo. Unelungelo lobunikazi bokusungula kwakhe emuva ngo-1869, okwamvumela ukuba ethule ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwemishini yamabhuleki. Ngokushesha, ibhuleki laseWestinghouse lasakazeka e-USA, Western Europe kanye noMbuso WaseRussia.
E-Russia, i-Westinghouse brake yabusa kakhulu kuze kube ngu-Okthoba Revolution, futhi isikhathi eside ngemva kwayo. Inkampani yaseWestinghouse yazakhela esayo indawo yokubhuleka eSt. Petersburg, yaphinde yaxosha izimbangi ngobuchule emakethe yaseRussia. Kodwa-ke, i-Westinghouse brake yayinezinkinga eziningi ezibalulekile.
Okokuqala, leli bhuleki linikeze izindlela ezimbili zokusebenza kuphela: amabhuleki kuze kube yilapho amasilinda amabhuleki egcwele ngokuphelele, futhi iholidi — ukuthulula amasilinda amabhuleki. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukudala inani eliphakathi lokucindezela kwebhuleki ngokulungiswa kwayo isikhathi eside, okungukuthi, i-Westinghouse brake yayingenayo imodi. uphahla kabusha. Lokhu akuzange kuvumele ukulawulwa okunembile kwesivinini sesitimela.
Okwesibili, ibhuleki laseWestinghouse alizange lisebenze kahle ezitimeleni ezinde, futhi nakuba lokhu kwakungabekezelelwa ngandlela thize esiminyaminyeni sabagibeli, kwaphakama izinkinga ekuthuthweni kwempahla. Khumbula igagasi lokubhuleka? Ngakho-ke, i-Westinghouse brake yayingenayo indlela yokwandisa isivinini sayo, futhi ngesitimela eside, ukwehla kwengcindezi ku-brake fluid emotweni yokugcina kungase kuqale sekwephuzile kakhulu, futhi ngenani eliphansi kakhulu kunekhanda lemoto. isitimela, esidale ukusebenza okungalingani kwamabhuleki esitimeleni.
Kumele kushiwo ukuthi yonke imisebenzi yenkampani yaseWestinghouse, eRussia ngaleso sikhathi nasemhlabeni wonke, igcwele kahle iphunga lonxiwankulu lezimpi zelungelo lobunikazi kanye nokuncintisana okungafanele. Yilokhu okwaqinisekisa isimiso esinjalo esingaphelele ukuphila okude kangako, okungenani phakathi naleyo nkathi engokomlando.
Nakho konke lokhu, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-Westinghouse brake yabeka izisekelo zesayensi ye-braking futhi isimiso sokusebenza kwayo sihlala singashintshile kumabhuleki amasheya esimanje.
2. Kusukela e-Westinghouse ibhuleki ukuya ku-Matrosov brake - ukwakheka kwesayensi ye-braking yasekhaya.
Cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokuvela kwe-Westinghouse brake kanye nokugcwaliseka kwamaphutha ayo, kwavela imizamo yokuthuthukisa lesi simiso, noma ukudala enye, entsha ngokuyisisekelo. Izwe lakithi lalinjalo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, iRussia yayinenethiwekhi yezitimela ezithuthukisiwe, eyadlala indima enkulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kanye nekhono lokuvikela lezwe. Ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha kuhlotshaniswa nokwenyuka kwejubane lokuhamba kwazo kanye nenqwaba yempahla ethuthwa kanyekanye, okusho ukuthi izindaba zokwenza ngcono izinhlelo zamabhuleki ziphakanyiswe ngokushesha.
Umfutho obalulekile wokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi ye-braking ku-RSFSR futhi kamuva i-USSR kwaba ukwehla kwethonya lenhloko-dolobha enkulu yaseNtshonalanga, ikakhulukazi inkampani yaseWestinghouse, ekuthuthukiseni imboni yesitimela yasekhaya ngemva kuka-Okthoba 1917.
F.P. Kazantsev (kwesobunxele) kanye no-I.K. Amatilosi (kwesokudla) - abadali bebhuleki likaloliwe wasekhaya
Isibonakaliso sokuqala, impumelelo yokuqala engathi sína yesayensi ye-braking yasekhaya, kwaba ukuthuthukiswa konjiniyela uFlorenty Pimenovich Kazantsev. Ngo-1921, Kazantsev uhlongoza uhlelo ibhuleki elizenzakalelayo elisebenza ngqo. Umdwebo ongezansi uchaza yonke imibono eyinhloko eyethulwa hhayi kuphela yiKazantsev, futhi inhloso yayo ukuchaza izimiso eziyisisekelo zokusebenza kwebhuleki elizenzakalelayo elithuthukisiwe.
Ibhuleki elizenzakalelayo elisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo: 1 - compressor; 2 - ithangi eliyinhloko; 3 - umugqa wokuhlinzeka; 4 - i-crane yesitimela somshayeli; 5 - idivayisi yokunikeza ukuvuza kwe-brake line; 6 - umugqa wamabhuleki; 7 - ukuxhuma ama-brake hoses; 8 - i-valve yokuphela; 9 - i-valve yokumisa; 10 - hlola i-valve; 11 - ithangi eliyisipele; 12 - umsabalalisi womoya; I-13 - i-cylinder ye-brake; 14 - ukudluliswa kwe-brake lever.
Ngakho-ke, umqondo wokuqala oyinhloko ukuthi ingcindezi ku-TM ilawulwa ngokungaqondile - ngokuncipha/ukwenyuka kwengcindezi endaweni yokugcina amanzi ebizwa ngokuthi. ithangi lokugeza (UR). Iboniswa emfanekisweni ongakwesokudla empompini yomshayeli (4) naphezu kwedivayisi yokunikeza amandla ukuvuza okuvela ku-TM (5). Ukuminyana kwaleli chibi kulula kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ngobuchwepheshe kunokuminyana kolayini wamabhuleki - ipayipi elifinyelela amakhilomitha ambalwa ubude futhi ligijima kuso sonke isitimela. Ukuzinza okuhlobene kwengcindezi ku-UR kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukugcina ingcindezi ku-TM, kusetshenziswa ingcindezi ku-UR njengereferensi. Ngempela, i-piston kudivayisi (5) lapho ingcindezi ku-TM iyancipha, ivula i-valve egcwalisa i-TM kusukela kulayini wokuhlinzeka, ngaleyo ndlela igcine ingcindezi ku-TM elingana nokucindezela ku-UR. Lo mbono wawusenendlela ende yokuthuthukiswa, kodwa manje ingcindezi ku-TM ayizange incike ekubeni khona kokuvuza kwangaphandle okuvela kuyo (kuze kufike emikhawulweni ethile). Idivayisi 5 ithuthele ku-crane yomsebenzisi futhi ihlala lapho, ngendlela elungisiwe, kuze kube yilolu suku.
Omunye umqondo obalulekile osekelwe ekuklanyweni kwalolu hlobo lwebhuleki amandla okunikezwa kwamandla asuka ku-brake fluid ngokusebenzisa i-valve yokuhlola 10. Lapho umfutho we-valve yebhuleki udlula ukucindezela ku-valve yebhuleki, le valve iyavuleka, igcwalise i-valve esuka kubhuleki. uketshezi. Ngale ndlela, ukuvuza kuhlale kugcwaliswa endaweni yokugcina amanzi futhi ibhuleki alipheli.
Umbono wesithathu obalulekile ohlongozwa nguKazantsev wumklamo wokusabalalisa umoya osebenza ngokuhlukana kwengcindezi emibili, kodwa ezintathu - ingcindezi emgqeni wokubhuleka, ingcindezi ku-cylinder brake, kanye nokucindezela ekamelweni elikhethekile lokusebenza (WC), okuthi, ngesikhathi sokukhululwa, kuphakelwe ingcindezi evela kulayini wamabhuleki, kanye nethangi eliyisipele. Kumodi yokubhuleka, ingcindezi yokushaja iyanqanyulwa ku-reservoir kanye ne-brake line, igcina inani lengcindezi yokuqala yokushaja. Lesi sakhiwo sisetshenziswa kakhulu ekugibeleni amabhuleki esitoko kokubili ukunikeza ukukhululwa okuhamba kancane kanye nokulawula ukufana kokugcwaliswa kwe-TC eduze kwesitimela ezitimeleni zezimpahla, njengoba igumbi lokusebenza lisebenza njengezinga lengcindezi yokuqala yokushaja. Ngokusekelwe enanini layo, kungenzeka ukuhlinzeka ngokukhululwa okuhamba kancane futhi uhlele ukugcwaliswa kwangaphambili kwesikhungo sezitolo ezimotweni zomsila. Ngizoshiya incazelo eningiliziwe yalezi zinto kwezinye izihloko ngalesi sihloko, kodwa okwamanje ngizosho nje ukuthi umsebenzi kaKazantsev wasebenza njengesikhuthazo sokuthuthukiswa kwesikole sesayensi ezweni lakithi, okwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kokuqala. ama-rolling stock brake systems.
Omunye umsunguli waseSoviet owaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamabhuleki esitokisini sasekhaya kwakungu-Ivan Konstantinovich Matrosov. Imibono yakhe yayingahlukanga kakhulu emibonweni kaKazantsev, nokho, ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kokusebenza kwesistimu ye-brake ye-Kazantsev ne-Matrosov (kanye nezinye izinhlelo zamabhuleki) kwabonisa ukuphakama okuphawulekayo kwesistimu yesibili mayelana nezici zokusebenza lapho isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ezitimeleni zezimpahla. Ngakho-ke, i-Matrosov brake ne-distributor air inemibandela. Inombolo 320 ibe yisisekelo sokuqhubeka nokuklanywa kwemishini yokubhuleka yezitimela zegauge engu-1520 mm. Ibhuleki lesimanje elizenzakalelayo elisetshenziswa eRussia nasemazweni e-CIS lingabizwa ngokufanele igama lebhuleki likaMatrosov, ngoba lathatha, ekuqaleni kokuthuthuka kwalo, imibono nezixazululo zokuklama zika-Ivan Konstantinovich.
Esikhundleni isiphetho
Siyini isiphetho? Ukusebenza kulesi sihloko kwangiqinisekisa ukuthi lesi sihloko sifaneleka uchungechunge lwezihloko. Kulesi sihloko sokuhlola, sithinte umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwamabhuleki esitoko. Okulandelayo sizongena emininingwaneni enamanzi, engathinti kuphela ibhuleki yasekhaya, kodwa futhi ekuthuthukisweni kozakwethu abavela eNtshonalanga Yurophu, okugqamisa ukuklanywa kwamabhuleki ezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nezinhlobo zesevisi yamasheya. Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi isihloko sizothakazelisa, futhi siphinde sibonane kuhabhu!
Ngiyabonga ukulalela kwenu!
Source: www.habr.com