Ngiyakubona lokho , umphakathi uthande ingxenye yomlando yendaba yami, ngakho-ke akusona isono ukuqhubeka.
Izitimela ezihamba ngesivinini esiphezulu njenge-TGV azisancikile ekubhulekeni komoya
Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimanjemanje, okungukuthi, yiziphi izindlela zokwenza ama-brake systems for rolling stock ezisetshenziswa ekhulwini lama-XNUMX, elingena ngokoqobo eshumini lesithathu ngenyanga nje.
1. Ukuhlelwa kwamabhuleki esitoko
Ngokusekelwe kumgomo womzimba wokudala amandla okubhuleka, wonke amabhuleki wesitimela angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukungqubuzana, kusetshenziswa amandla okungqubuzana, kanye ashukumisayo, usebenzisa idrayivu yokudonsa ukuze udale itorque yokubhuleka.
Amabhuleki e-Friction afaka amabhuleki ezicathulo azo zonke imiklamo, kuhlanganise nama-disc brakes, kanye ibhuleki likaloliwe kazibuthe, esetshenziswa kwezokuthutha ezihamba ngesivinini esiphezulu, ikakhulukazi eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ku-track 1520, lolu hlobo lwebhuleki lusetshenziswe kuphela esitimeleni sikagesi i-ER200. Ngokuqondene neSapsan efanayo, iRussia Railways yenqaba ukusebenzisa ibhuleki likaloliwe kazibuthe kuyo, nakuba isibonelo salesi sitimela sikagesi, i-ICE3 yaseJalimane, ifakwe ibhuleki elinjalo.
I-ICE3 train bogie ene-magnetic rail brake
I-trolley yesitimela ye-Sapsan
Ku-dynamic, noma kunalokho amabhuleki e-electrodynamic hlanganisa wonke amabhuleki, isenzo esisekelwe ekudlulisweni kwe-traction motors kwimodi ye-generator (ezivuselelayo ΠΈ i-rheostat brake), kanye nokubhuleka ukuphikiswa
Ngamabhuleki okuvuselela kanye ne-rheostatic, yonke into icacile - izinjini zishintshelwa kumodi ye-generator ngandlela-thile, futhi esimweni sokululama zikhulula amandla kunethiwekhi yokuxhumana, futhi esimweni se-rheostat, amandla akhiqizwayo kushiswe kuma-resistors akhethekile. Womabili amabhuleki asetshenziswa ezitimeleni ezine-locomotive traction kanye nakumayunithi amaningi aginqikayo, lapho ibhuleki le-electrodynamic liyibhuleki eliyinhloko lesevisi, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lamamotho ahambayo asakazwa kuso sonke isitimela. Okuwukuphela kokubi kwe-electrodynamic braking (EDB) ukungakwazi ukubhuleka uye esitobhini esiphelele. Uma ukusebenza kahle kwe-EDT kuncipha, ithathelwa indawo ngokuzenzakalelayo ibhuleki le-pneumatic friction.
Ngokuqondene ne-counter-braking, inikeza i-braking ukuze ume ngokuphelele, njengoba iqukethe ukuhlehlisa injini yokudonsa ngenkathi ihamba. Kodwa-ke, le modi, ezimweni eziningi, iyimodi ephuthumayo - ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuvamile kugcwele umonakalo ku-traction drive. Uma sithatha, ngokwesibonelo, i-commutator motor, lapho-ke lapho i-polarity ye-voltage enikezwe yona ishintsha, i-EMF engemuva evela ku-motor ejikelezayo ayisuswanga ku-voltage yokuhlinzeka kodwa yengezwe kuyo - amasondo womabili ajikeleziswa futhi. zungezisa uye ohlangothini olufanayo njengakumodi yokudonsa! Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni okufana ne-avalanche yamanje, futhi okungcono kakhulu okungenzeka ukuthi amadivaysi okuvikela kagesi azosebenza.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ezitimeleni nasezitimeleni zikagesi, zonke izinyathelo zithathwa ukuvimbela izinjini ukuthi zihlehle ngenkathi zihamba. Isibambo sokuhlehla sikhiywa ngomshini lapho isilawuli somshayeli sisendaweni yokugijima. Futhi ezimotweni ezifanayo ze-Sapsan ne-Lastochka, ukuguqula ukushintshwa kwe-reverse ngesivinini esingaphezu kwe-5 km / h kuzoholela ekubhulekini okuphuthumayo ngokushesha.
Kodwa-ke, ezinye izitimela ezifuywayo, isibonelo i-VL65 locomotive kagesi, zisebenzisa i-reverse braking njengemodi evamile ngesivinini esiphansi.
I-reverse braking iyindlela evamile yokubhuleka enikezwa uhlelo lokulawula ku-VL65 locomotive kagesi.
Kumelwe kushiwo ukuthi naphezu kokusebenza kahle kakhulu kwe-electrodynamic braking, noma yisiphi isitimela, ngiyagcizelela, sihlala sifakwe i-othomathikhi ye-pneumatic brake, okungukuthi, icushwe ngokukhulula umoya emgqeni wamabhuleki. Kokubili eRussia nasemhlabeni wonke, amabhuleki amahle ezicathulo ezishayisanayo aqapha ukuphepha emgwaqeni.
Ngokwenhloso yabo yokusebenza, amabhuleki ohlobo lwe-friction ahlukaniswe abe
- Ukupaka, okwenziwa ngesandla noma okuzenzakalelayo
- Isitimela - i-pneumatic (PT) noma amabhuleki e-electropneumatic (EPT), afakwe kuyunithi ngayinye yesitoko esigingqikayo esitimeleni futhi alawulwa phakathi nendawo ukusuka kukhebhu yomshayeli
- I-Locomotive - amabhuleki asebenza ngqo emoyeni aklanyelwe ukunensa isitimela ngaphandle kokwehlisa isitimela. Zilawulwa ngokwehlukana nezitimela.
2. Ibhuleki lokupaka
Ibhuleki lemanuwali eline-mechanical drive alizange linyamalale esitokisini esigoqayo; ifakwe kuzo zombili izitimela nezimoto - isanda kushintsha okukhethekile kwayo, okungukuthi, yaphenduka ibhuleki lokupaka, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuvimbela ukunyakaza okuzenzakalelayo kwe-rolling. isitokwe uma kwenzeka umoya uphuma ohlelweni lwawo lomoya. Isondo elibomvu, elifana nesondo lomkhumbi, i-handbrake drive, enye yezinhlobo zayo.
Isondo lokuqondisa ibhuleki lesandla ekhabetheni lesitimela sikagesi i-VL60pk
Ibhuleki lesandla kuvulandi wemoto yabagibeli
Ibhuleki lesandla emotweni yesimanje yezimpahla
Ibhuleki lesandla, lisebenzisa idrayivu yemishini, licindezela amaphedi afanayo emasondweni asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokubhuleka okujwayelekile.
Ezitimeleni zesimanjemanje, ikakhulukazi ezitimeleni zikagesi i-EVS1/EVS2 βSapsanβ, ES1 βLastochkaβ, kanye nakwi-locomotive kagesi i-EP20, ibhuleki lokupaka liyazenzakalela futhi amaphedi acindezelwa kwi-brake disc. spring energy accumulators. Ezinye zezindlela ze-pincer ezicindezela amaphedi kuma-brake discs afakwe iziphethu ezinamandla, ezinamandla kangangokuthi ukukhululwa kwenziwa yi-pneumatic drive enengcindezi engu-0,5 MPa. I-pneumatic drive, kulokhu, iphikisana nemithombo ecindezela ama-pads. Le brake yokupaka ilawulwa ngamabhathini ku-console yomshayeli.
Izinkinobho zokulawula i-parking spring brake (SPT) esitimeleni sikagesi i-ES1 βLastochkaβ
Idizayini yaleli bhuleki iyafana naleyo esetshenziswa emalolini anamandla. Kodwa njengoba ibhuleki main ezitimeleni, isimiso esinjalo ezingafaneleki ngokuphelele, futhi kungani, ngizochaza ngokuningiliziwe ngemva kwendaba mayelana nokusebenza kwamabhuleki omoya wesitimela.
3. Uhlobo lweloli amabhuleki womoya
Imoto ngayinye yezimpahla ifakwe isethi elandelayo yemishini yokubhuleka
Imishini ye-Braking yemoto yezimpahla: 1 - i-hose yokuxhuma i-brake; 2 - i-valve yokuphela; 3 - i-valve yokumisa; 5 - umqoqi wothuli; 6, 7, 9 - isimo samamojula wokusabalalisa umoya. No. 483; 8 - i-valve yokunqamula; I-VR - umsabalalisi womoya; TM - umugqa wamabhuleki; I-ZR - ithangi lokugcina; TC - isilinda brake; I-AR - imodi ye-cargo auto
Ulayini wamabhuleki (TM) - ipayipi elinobubanzi obungu-1,25" eligijima kuyo yonke imoto, ekugcineni lifakwe ama-valve okugcina, ukunqamula ulayini wamabhuleki lapho uqaqa imoto ngaphambi kokunqamula amapayipi axhumayo aguquguqukayo. Emgqeni we-brake, kwimodi evamile, okuthiwa ishaja ingcindezi ingu-0,50 - 0,54 MPa, ngakho ukunqamula amapayipi ngaphandle kokuvala ama-valve okugcina kuwumsebenzi ongabazisayo, ongakuphuca ikhanda lakho ngokoqobo.
Ukunikezwa komoya okuhlinzekwa ngokuqondile kumasilinda amabhuleki kugcinwa ngaphakathi ithangi lokugcina (ZR), umthamo wawo ezimweni eziningi ungama-78 amalitha. Ingcindezi ku-reservoir ilingana ncamashi nokucindezela kulayini wamabhuleki. Kodwa cha, akuyona i-0,50 - 0,54 MPa. Iqiniso liwukuthi ingcindezi enjalo izoba semgqeni wamabhuleki ku-locomotive. Futhi uma uqhela ku-locomotive, ingcindezi iyancipha kulayini wamabhuleki, ngoba inokuvuza okuholela ekuvuzeni komoya. Ngakho ingcindezi kulayini wamabhuleki wemoto yokugcina esitimeleni izoba ngaphansi kancane kuneyokushaja.
Isigaxa sebhuleki, futhi ezimotweni eziningi kuneyodwa kuphela, uma igcwaliswa ethangini eliyisipele, ngokusebenzisa i-brake lever transmission icindezela wonke amaphedi emotweni iwayise emasondweni. Ivolumu ye-cylinder ye-brake imayelana namalitha angu-8, ngakho ngesikhathi sokubopha okugcwele, ingcindezi engekho ngaphezu kwe-0,4 MPa isungulwa kuyo. Umfutho osethangini elibekiwe nawo wehla ube inani elifanayo.
"Umlingisi" oyinhloko kulolu hlelo umsabalalisi womoya. Lolu cingo lubhekana nezinguquko zengcindezi kulayini wamabhuleki, lwenza okukodwa noma okunye ukusebenza kuye ngokuthi ikuphi kanye nezinga lokushintsha kwalo mfutho.
Lapho ingcindezi kulayini wamabhuleki iyancipha, ukubhuleka kwenzeka. Kodwa hhayi nganoma yikuphi ukwehla kwengcindezi - ukwehla kwengcindezi kumele kwenzeke ngezinga elithile, elibizwa service braking rate. Lesi sivinini siyaqinisekiswa i-crane yomshayeli ekhabetheni lesitimela futhi isukela ku-0,01 iye ku-0,04 MPa ngomzuzwana. Lapho ingcindezi iyancipha ngesivinini esiphansi, ukubhuleka akwenzeki. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze amabhuleki angasebenzi uma kwenzeka ukuvuza okujwayelekile okuvela kulayini we-brake, futhi angasebenzi lapho kukhishwa ingcindezi yokushaja ngokweqile, esizokhuluma ngayo kamuva.
Lapho i-air distributor icushiwe ukuze ibhuleki, yenza ukukhipha okwengeziwe komugqa wamabhuleki ngesilinganiso sesevisi esingu-0,05 MPa. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwehla okuqhubekayo kwengcindezi kubo bonke ubude besitimela. Uma i-detente eyengeziwe ingenziwanga, khona-ke izimoto zokugcina zesitimela eside zingase zingancishiswa nhlobo. Ukukhishwa okwengeziwe komugqa wamabhuleki kuyenziwa konke abasabalalisi bomoya besimanje, kuhlanganise nabagibeli.
Uma i-braking icushiwe, isisabalalisi somoya sinqamula ireservoir emgqeni wamabhuleki bese siyixhuma kusilinda sebhuleki. Isilinda sebhuleki siyagcwala. Kwenzeka ncamashi inqobo nje uma ukwehla kwengcindezi kulayini wamabhuleki kuqhubeka. Lapho ukuncipha kwengcindezi ku-brake fluid kuma, ukugcwalisa isilinda sebhuleki kuyama. Umbuso uyeza uphahla kabusha. Ingcindezi eyakhiwe kusilinda sebhuleki incike ezintweni ezimbili:
- ukujula kokukhishwa komugqa wamabhuleki, okungukuthi, ubukhulu bokwehla kwengcindezi kuwo ngokuhlobene nokushaja
- Imodi yokusebenza yokusabalalisa umoya
I-cargo air distributor inezinhlobo ezintathu zokusebenza: okulayishiwe (L), okuphakathi (C) nokungenalutho (E). Lezi zindlela ziyahluka ngengcindezi enkulu etholwe kumasilinda amabhuleki. Ukushintsha phakathi kwamamodi kwenziwa ngesandla ngokuphendula isibambo semodi ekhethekile.
Ukufingqa, ukuncika kwengcindezi ku-cylinder yebhuleki ekujuleni kokukhishwa komugqa wamabhuleki onesabalalisi somoya ongu-483 ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene kubukeka kanje.
Ububi bokusebenzisa iswishi yemodi ukuthi umqhubi wemoto kufanele ahambe ngaso sonke isitimela, agibele ngaphansi kwemoto ngayinye futhi ashintshele lapho afuna khona ukushintsha inkinobho yemodi. Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu avela kulo kuhlinzwa, lokhu akwenziwa njalo. Ukugcwaliswa ngokweqile kwamasilinda amabhuleki emotweni engenalutho kugcwele ukushushuluza, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwamabhuleki kanye nokulimala kwamasethi amasondo. Ukunqoba lesi simo ezimotweni zezimpahla, okuthiwa okuthiwa imodi ezenzakalelayo (AR), okuthi, ngokuzenzakalelayo inqume isisindo semoto, ilawule ngokushelela ingcindezi enkulu kusilinda samabhuleki. Uma imoto ifakwe imodi ezenzakalelayo, ukushintsha kwemodi ku-VR kusethelwe endaweni "elayishiwe".
Ukubhuleka ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngezigaba. Izinga eliphansi lokukhipha ulayini wamabhuleki we-BP483 lizoba ngu-0,06 - 0,08 MPa. Kulokhu, ingcindezi ye-0,1 MPa isungulwa kumasilinda amabhuleki. Kulokhu, umshayeli ubeka i-valve endaweni yokugqagqana, lapho ingcindezi ebekwe ngemuva kokubhuleka igcinwa emgqeni wokubhuleka. Uma ukusebenza kahle kwe-braking kusuka kwesinye isigaba kunganele, isigaba esilandelayo senziwa. Kulokhu, umsabalalisi womoya akanandaba nokuthi ukukhishwa kwenzekani - lapho ingcindezi iyancipha nganoma yisiphi isilinganiso, amasilinda amabhuleki agcwaliswa ngokulingana nenani lokuncipha kwengcindezi.
Ukukhululwa okuphelele kwamabhuleki (ukuqeda ngokuphelele amasilinda amabhuleki kuso sonke isitimela) kwenziwa ngokukhuphula ingcindezi kulayini wamabhuleki ngaphezu kwengcindezi yokushaja. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezitimeleni zezimpahla, ingcindezi ku-TM inyuke kakhulu ngaphezu kweyokushaja, ukuze igagasi lokucindezela okwandayo lifinyelele ezimotweni zokugcina kakhulu. Ukudedela amabhuleki ngokuphelele esitimeleni sezimpahla kuyinqubo ende futhi kungathatha iminithi.
I-BP483 inezindlela ezimbili zamaholide: isicaba kanye nentaba. Kwimodi eyisicaba, lapho ingcindezi emugqeni wamabhuleki ikhula, ukukhululwa okuphelele, okungenasinyathelo kwenzeka. Emodini yezintaba, kungenzeka ukukhulula amabhuleki ngezigaba, okusho ukuthi amasilinda amabhuleki awaqediwe ngokuphelele. Le modi isetshenziswa uma ushayela eduze kwephrofayili eyinkimbinkimbi enemithambeka emikhulu.
I-air distributor 483 ngokuvamile iyithuluzi elithakazelisayo kakhulu. Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwesakhiwo nokusebenza kwayo kuyisihloko sendatshana enkulu ehlukile. Lapha sibheke izimiso ezijwayelekile zokusebenza kwe-cargo brake.
3. Amabhuleki emoyeni ohlobo lwabagibeli
Imishini ye-Braking yemoto yomgibeli: 1 - i-hose yokuxhuma; 2 - i-valve yokuphela; 3, 5 - amabhokisi okuxhuma omugqa webhuleki we-electropneumatic; 4 - i-valve yokumisa; 6 - ithubhu ene-electro-pneumatic brake wiring; 7 - ukumiswa kwe-insulated komkhono wokuxhuma; 8 - umqoqi wothuli; 9 - ukuphuma ku-distributor emoyeni; I-10 - i-valve yokunqamula; I-11 - igumbi lokusebenza lomsabalalisi womoya kagesi; TM - umugqa wamabhuleki; I-VR - umsabalalisi womoya; I-EVR - umsabalalisi womoya kagesi; TC - isilinda brake; I-ZR - ithangi eliyisipele
Impahla eningi ibamba iso lakho ngokushesha, iqala ngokuthi kunama-valve afinyelela kwamathathu (eyodwa kuvulandi ngamunye, neyodwa egunjini lomqhubi), kugcine ngokuthi izimoto zabagibeli ezifuywayo zifakelwe womabili ama-pneumatic. futhi ibhuleki ye-electropneumatic (EPT).
Umfundi olalelayo uzoqaphela ngokushesha ukuhlehla okuyinhloko kokulawula amabhuleki womoya - isivinini sokugcina sokusakazeka kwegagasi lokubhuleka, elikhawulelwe ngenhla ngesivinini somsindo. Empeleni, leli jubane liphansi futhi lifinyelela ku-280 m/s ngesikhathi sokubhuleka, kanye nama-300 m/s ngesikhathi sokubhuleka okuphuthumayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sivinini sincike kakhulu ekushiseni komoya nasebusika, isibonelo, siphansi. Ngakho-ke, umngane waphakade wamabhuleki we-pneumatic ukungalingani kokusebenza kwawo ekubunjweni.
Ukusebenza okungalingani kuholela ezintweni ezimbili - ukwenzeka kokusabela okuphawulekayo kwe-longitudinal esitimeleni, kanye nokwanda kwebanga lokubhuleka. Esokuqala asivamile kangako ezitimeleni zabagibeli, nakuba iziqukathi ezinetiye nezinye iziphuzo zigxuma phezu kwetafula elisegumbini ngeke zijabulise muntu. Ukwenyusa ibanga lokubhuleka kuyinkinga enkulu, ikakhulukazi esiminyaminyeni sabagibeli.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsabalalisi womoya wabagibeli wasekhaya ufana nendinganiso yakudala. No. 292, kanye nesimo esisha. No. 242 (okuthi, ngendlela, ayanda ngayo emkhunjini wezimoto zabagibeli), zombili lezi zinsimbi ziyinzalo eqondile yaleyo valve yaseWestinghouse ephindwe kathathu, futhi asebenza ngomehluko phakathi kwezingcindezi ezimbili - kulayini wamabhuleki kanye nereservoir. Zihlukaniswa ku-valve kathathu ngokuba khona kwemodi yokugqagqana, okungukuthi, amathuba okubhuleka okunyathelayo; ukutholakala kokukhishwa okwengeziwe kwe-brake line ngesikhathi sokubopha; ukuba khona kwe-accelerator ye-braking ephuthumayo kumklamo. Laba basabalalisi bomoya abahlinzeki ngokukhululwa okuhamba kancane - banikeza ngokushesha ukukhululwa okuphelele ngokushesha nje lapho ingcindezi kumugqa wamabhuleki idlula ingcindezi endaweni yokugcina amanzi esungulwe lapho ngemuva kokubhuleka. Futhi ukukhululwa okunyathelwe phansi kuyasiza kakhulu lapho ulungisa ibhuleki ukuze ume ngendlela efanele endaweni yokufikela.
Zombili izinkinga - ukusebenza okungalingani kwamabhuleki kanye nokuntuleka kokukhululwa kwesinyathelo, kuthrekhi ye-1520 mm zixazululwa ngokufaka umsabalalisi womoya olawulwa ngogesi ezimotweni - i-electric air distributor (EVR), arb. Inombolo 305.
I-EPT yasekhaya - ibhuleki ye-electro-pneumatic - esebenza ngokuqondile, engeyona ezenzakalelayo. Ezitimeleni zabagibeli ezine-locomotive traction, i-EPT isebenza ngesekethe enezintambo ezimbili.
I-block diagram ye-EPT enezintambo ezimbili: 1 - isilawuli esilawulayo ku-crane yomshayeli; 2 - ibhethri; 3 - isiguquli samandla amile; 4 - iphaneli yokulawula izibani; 5 - iyunithi yokulawula; 6 - i-terminal block; 7 - ukuxhuma amakhanda emikhonweni; 8 - ukumiswa okukodwa; 9 - i-valve ye-semiconductor; 10 - ukukhululwa kwe-valve ye-electromagnetic; I-11 - i-valve ye-solenoid ephukile.
Kunezintambo ezimbili ezinwetshiwe kuso sonke isitimela: No. 1 kanye No. 2 esithombeni. Emotweni yomsila, lezi zintambo zixhunywe zodwa ngogesi futhi umsinga oshintshanayo onemvamisa engu-625 Hz udlula ku-loop ewumphumela. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqapha ubuqotho bomugqa wokulawula we-EPT. Uma ucingo luphuka, isifunda esishintshashintshayo samanje siphukile, umshayeli uthola isignali ngesimo selambu lesexwayiso elithi "O" (iholide) elicima kukhebhu.
Ukulawula kwenziwa ngamandla aqondile we-polarity ehlukene. Kulokhu, ucingo olunamandla angama-zero amarayili. Uma i-voltage ephozithivu (ehlobene namarayili) isetshenziswa ocingweni lwe-EPT, womabili amavalvu kazibuthe kagesi afakwe kusisabalalisi somoya kagesi ayasebenza: ivalvu yokukhulula (OV) kanye nevalve yebhuleki (TV). Owokuqala wabo uhlukanisa igumbi lokusebenza (WC) lomsabalalisi womoya kagesi emkhathini, owesibili uligcwalisa ethangini lokugcina. Okulandelayo, inkinobho yokucindezela efakwe ku-EVR iqala ukusebenza, isebenza ngomehluko wengcindezi egumbini lokusebenza kanye nesilinda sokubhuleka. Lapho ingcindezi ku-RC idlula ingcindezi ku-TC, le yokugcina igcwala umoya ovela ku-reserve tank, kuze kufike ekucindezelweni okuqoqwe ekamelweni lokusebenza.
Uma amandla angalungile esetshenziswa ocingweni, i-valve yebhuleki iyacisha, ngoba i-current kuyo inqunywa yi-diode. I-valve yokukhulula kuphela, egcina ingcindezi ekamelweni lokusebenza, ihlala isebenza. Yile ndlela isimo sophahla esibonakala ngayo.
Lapho i-voltage isusiwe, i-valve yokukhulula ilahlekelwa amandla futhi ivule igumbi lokusebenza emkhathini. Lapho ingcindezi egunjini lokusebenza iyancipha, i-pressure switch ikhipha umoya kumasilinda amabhuleki. Uma, ngemva kweholide elifushane, i-valve yomshayeli ibuyiselwa endaweni yokuvala, ukwehla kokucindezela ekamelweni lokusebenza kuzoyeka, futhi ukukhululwa komoya ku-cylinder ye-brake kuzophinde kume. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukukhululwa kwebhuleki nge-stepwise kufinyelelwa.
Kwenzekani uma ucingo luphuka? Kulungile - i-EPT izokhipha. Ngakho-ke, leli bhuleki (ku-domestic rolling stock) alizenzekeli. Uma i-EPT ihluleka, umshayeli unethuba lokushintshela ku-pneumatic brake control.
I-EPT ibonakala ngokugcwaliswa kanyekanye kwamasilinda amabhuleki kanye nokuphuma kwawo esitimeleni. Izinga lokugcwalisa nokukhipha liphezulu impela - 0,1 MPa ngomzuzwana. I-EPT iyibhuleki elingapheli, njengoba ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwayo umsabalalisi womoya ovamile usesimweni sokukhululwa futhi uphakela ama-spare reservoirs asuka kulayini wamabhuleki, wona wona adliswa umpompi womshayeli ku-locomotive esuka kuma-reservoirs amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-EPT ingabhuleka kunoma iyiphi imvamisa edingekayo ukuze kulawulwe ukusebenza kwamabhuleki. Ithuba lokukhululwa kwesinyathelo likuvumela ukuthi ulawule isivinini sesitimela ngokunembe kakhulu nangokushelela.
Ukulawula umoya wamabhuleki esitimela somgibeli akuhlukile kakhulu kunebhuleki lempahla. Kukhona umehluko ezindleleni zokulawula, isibonelo, i-air brake ikhululwa ekucindezelweni kokushaja, ngaphandle kokuyilinganisa ngokweqile. Ngokuvamile, ukulinganisa ngokweqile kwengcindezi kulayini wamabhuleki wesitimela somgibeli kugcwele izinkinga, ngakho-ke, lapho i-EPT ikhululwa ngokuphelele, ingcindezi kulayini wamabhuleki ikhuphuka ngenani eliphakeme lika-0,02 MPa ngaphezu kwenani lokushaja okuhleliwe. ingcindezi.
Ukujula okuncane kokukhishwa kwensimbi esindayo ngesikhathi sokubhuleka kumgibeli webhuleki ngu-0,04 - 0,05 MPa, kanti ingcindezi ye-0,1 - 0,15 MPa idalwe kumasilinda amabhuleki. Ingcindezi enkulu ku-cylinder yebhuleki yemoto yomgibeli inqunyelwe ivolumu yethangi le-reserve futhi ngokuvamile ayidluli ku-0,4 MPa.
isiphetho
Manje ngizophendukela kwabanye abahlaziyi abamangale (futhi ngokombono wami, ngisho becasukile, kodwa angikwazi ukusho) ngobunkimbinkimbi bebhuleki lesitimela. Amazwana aphakamisa ukuthi kusetshenziswe isekethe yemoto enamabhethri okugcina amandla. Yiqiniso, kusukela ku-sofa noma esihlalweni sekhompiyutha ehhovisi, ngefasitela lesiphequluli, izinkinga eziningi zibonakala kakhudlwana futhi izixazululo zabo zisobala, kodwa ake ngiphawule ukuthi izinqumo eziningi zobuchwepheshe ezenziwe emhlabeni wangempela zinezizathu ezicacile.
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, inkinga enkulu ye-pneumatic brake esitimeleni ijubane lokugcina lokunyakaza kwe-pressure drop in a long (kufika ku-1,5 km esitimeleni sezimoto eziyi-100) i-brake line pipe - i-brake wave. Ukusheshisa leli gagasi lokubhuleka, ukukhishwa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka yisabalalisi somoya. Ngeke kube khona umsabalalisi womoya, futhi ngeke kube khona ukukhishwa okwengeziwe. Okusho ukuthi, amabhuleki kuma-accumulators amandla ngokusobala azoba mabi kakhulu ngokuya ngokusebenza okufanayo, asibuyisele ezikhathini zaseWestinghouse. Isitimela esithwala impahla akulona iloli, kunezikali ezihlukene, ngakho-ke imigomo ehlukene yokulawula amabhuleki. Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi lokhu akunjalo nje, futhi akukhona nje ukuthi isiqondiso sesayensi ye-braking yomhlaba silandele indlela esiholele kulolu hlobo lokwakha. Ichashazi.
Lesi sihloko siwuhlobo lokubuyekezwa kwamasistimu okubhuleka akhona esitokisini sesimanjemanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izihloko zalolu chungechunge, ngizogxila kuzo zonke ngokuningiliziwe. Sizofunda ukuthi yimaphi amathuluzi asetshenziswa ukulawula amabhuleki nokuthi ama-air distributor aklanywa kanjani. Ake sihlolisise izindaba ze-regenerative kanye ne-rheostatic braking. Futhi-ke, ake sicabangele amabhuleki ezimoto ezinesivinini esikhulu. Sizobonana futhi futhi ngiyabonga ngokunaka kwakho!
P.S.: Bangani! Ngithanda ukubonga ngokukhethekile ngobuningi bemilayezo yomuntu siqu ebonisa amaphutha nokubhala esihlokweni. Yebo, ngiyisoni esingenabungane nolimi lwesiRashiya futhi sidideke okhiye. Ngizamile ukulungisa ukuphawula kwakho.
Source: www.habr.com