Ukusetshenziswa kwe-RPA ekubalweni kwesayensi nobunjiniyela

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Esikoleni, ukuze sihlanganise ulwazi lwethu, sacelwa ukuba sixazulule izibonelo eziningi ezifanayo. Sasicasuka ngaso sonke isikhathi: yini ebalulekile lapha? Faka amanani amabili noma amathathu kufomula bese uthola impendulo. Kuphi ukundiza komcabango lapha? Iqiniso livele laqina kunesikole.

Manje ngisebenza njengomhlaziyi we-IT. Ngaphambi kokujoyina inkambu ye-IT, ngasebenza njengonjiniyela wokushisisa, umhleli wezinhlelo ze-CNC, futhi ngabamba iqhaza kumaphrojekthi ocwaningo.

Ngokwami ​​isipiliyoni, ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi onjiniyela nososayensi basebenzisa u-95% wesikhathi sabo sokusebenza ezenzweni ezinjalo "zohlobo olufanayo". Bala zibalo, hlola, rekhoda imiphumela, kopisha imininingwane. Iphrojekthi ngemva kwephrojekthi, ukuhlolwa ngemva kokuhlolwa, usuku nosuku.

Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa ezivela emsebenzini wami wangaphambilini.

Kuze kube ngu-2019, ngenze izakhiwo zokubumba i-vacuum eshisayo. Uma imodeli enjalo imbozwe ngepulasitiki evuthayo, sizothola umkhiqizo ophinda ncamashi ijometri yalo modeli. Incazelo yobuchwepheshe lapha.

Umjikelezo wokukhiqiza mbumbulu udinga isethi yonke yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile kakhulu:

• I-Autodesk Inventor ye-3D modelling;
• I-Excel yokulayisha ubukhulu be-workpiece;
• I-Excel yokubala izindleko zesakhiwo;
• Imojula ye-HSM yokwakha uhlelo lokulawula lwe-CNC;
• Uhlelo lwefayela lekhompyutha lokuphatha amafayela ohlelo;
• Imvelo ye-Mach3 yokulawula umshini we-CNC.

Idatha kwakudingeka idluliselwe mathupha isuka endaweni iye endaweni, futhi lokhu kwakuhlanganisa wonke amathebula nezinhla zamanani. Inqubo ihamba kancane, futhi amaphutha avame ukwenzeka.

Ngaphambi kwalokho, ngibambe iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni nasekukhiqizeni iziqondiso ezikhanyayo (isixhumanisi). Kube nocwaningo oluningi, ukuklama nokubala lapho: izindawo ezikhethekile zokubala okushisayo nokukhanyisa (i-Ansys, i-Dialux), kanye nokubalwa kokuphumelela kwezindleko, kanye ne-Autocad ne-Inventor yamamodeli nemidwebo. Futhi lapha ubunzima obufanayo: umphumela wokubala ovela kuhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa udinga ukuhudulelwa kolunye uhlelo lokusebenza ukuze kubalwe okulandelayo. Futhi ngakho izikhathi eziningana ekufuneni ikhambi elilungile.

Isikhathi sikanjiniyela nesikhathi sososayensi yisikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu. Asikhulumi ngeholo lapha. Emuva kwezibalo zikanjiniyela kunephrojekthi enkulu eneqembu. Ngemuva kocwaningo lososayensi kukhona umbono wemboni yonke. Kodwa ngokuvamile uchwepheshe oqeqeshwe kakhulu "ngobuphukuphuku" udlulisela amanani kusuka ohlelweni olulodwa kuya kolunye esikhundleni sokuthuthukisa imiqondo, ukumodela, ukuhumusha imiphumela, ukuxoxa nokuxoxisana nozakwabo.

Uphawu lwendawo yebhizinisi yesimanje ijubane. Imakethe ihlezi iphusha. Ngo-2014, sithathe amaviki angu-2-3 ukwenza isakhiwo. Ngo-2018, kwakuyizinsuku ezintathu, futhi lokho kwase kubonakala kukude kakhulu. Manje umklami kufanele akhiqize izinketho eziningana zesixazululo ngesikhathi esifanayo esabelwe inketho eyodwa kuphela.

Futhi elinye iphuzu - ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nezingozi. Ukuze "ibambe iqhaza" kuphrojekthi, ibhizinisi kufanele litshale u-~6% wezindleko zale phrojekthi ekuthuthukisweni komqondo ngaphambi kokuphothula isivumelwano nekhasimende. Lezi zimali zihamba:

• ucwaningo;
• umklamo womqondo;
• ukuhlolwa kwezindleko zabasebenzi;
• ukulungiswa kwemidwebo, njll.

Inkampani ibakhipha ephaketheni layo, lokhu kuyingozi yayo. Ukunaka umqondo kudinga isikhathi sochwepheshe, futhi bamatasa nesimiso.

Ngemuva kokujwayelana namathuluzi okusebenza enkampanini ye-IT, ngaba nentshisekelo yokuthi yiziphi izinqubo zebhizinisi ezizenzakalelayo ezingaba usizo konjiniyela. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi kudala esebenzisa i-robotic process automation (RPA) ukulwa nenqubo.

Abakhiqizi be-RPA bafuna izinzuzo ezilandelayo zaleli thuluzi elizenzakalelayo:

1. ukwenza izinto ezihlukahlukene (irobhothi liyakwazi ukusebenza nanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza, nanoma yimuphi umthombo wedatha);
2. ukufunda kalula (awekho amakhono ajulile ohlelo nokuphatha adingekayo);
3. isivinini sokuthuthukiswa (i-algorithm eqediwe ithatha isikhathi esincane kunezinhlelo zendabuko);
4. ukukhululeka kwangempela kwesisebenzi emisebenzini evamile.

Ngokusekelwe kulezi zindlela zokunquma, sizohlola ukuthi uyini umphumela wokusebenzisa i-RPA ekubalweni kobunjiniyela/kwesayensi.

Incazelo yesibonelo

Ake sibheke isibonelo esilula. Kukhona i-cantilevered beam enomthwalo.

Ake sibheke le nkinga kusukela esikhundleni sikanjiniyela kanye nesikhundla sososayensi.

Ikesi elithi “Engineer”: kune-cantilevered beam engu-2 m ubude.Kumelwe ibambe umthwalo onesisindo esingu-500 kg nemajini yokuphepha ephindwe kathathu. Ugongolo lwenziwe ngepayipi elingunxande. Kudingekile ukukhetha isigaba se-beam ngokusho kwekhathalogi ye-GOST.

Ikesi "usosayensi": thola ukuthi isisindo somthwalo, isigaba esiphambanayo kanye nobude be-beam buthinta kanjani umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo walo mgoqo. Thola isibalo sokuhlehla.

Kuzo zombili izimo, amandla adonsela phansi ayacatshangelwa, asebenza emgodleni ngokulingana nesisindo sogodo.

Ake sifunde ngokuningiliziwe icala lokuqala - "unjiniyela". Icala "lososayensi" lisetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo.

Ngobuchwepheshe, isibonelo sethu silula kakhulu. Futhi uchwepheshe wezifundo uzokwazi ukubala kalula emshinini wokubala. Sinomunye umgomo: ukukhombisa ukuthi isisombululo se-RPA singasiza kanjani lapho umsebenzi uba mkhulu.

Ekwenzeni lula, siyaqaphela futhi: isigaba esiphambanayo sepayipi siwunxande okahle, ngaphandle kokuzungeza amakhona, ngaphandle kokucabangela i-weld.

Umsebenzi wonjiniyela

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwecala "lonjiniyela" limi kanje:

1. Eshidini le-Excel sinetafula elinezinhlobonhlobo zamapayipi ngokuya nge-GOST.
2. Ngokufakwa ngakunye kuleli thebula, kufanele sakhe imodeli ye-3D ku-Autodesk Inventor.
3. Bese, endaweni yokuhlaziya i-Inventor Stress Analyses, senza ukubala amandla bese silayisha umphumela wokubala ku-html.
4. Sithola inani elithi "Maximum von Mises stress" efayeleni eliwumphumela.
5. Siyakumisa ukubala uma isici sokuphepha (isilinganiso samandla esivuno sento efinyelela kubukhulu bengcindezi ye-von Mises) singaphansi kuka-3.

Sikholelwa ukuthi i-beam ye-cross-section efanelekile izohlinzeka ngemajini yokuphepha ephindwe kathathu futhi izoba nesisindo esincane phakathi kwezinye izinketho.

Sekukonke, emsebenzini wethu uchwepheshe usebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezi-3 (bona umdwebo ongenhla). Esimeni sangempela, inani lezicelo lingaba likhulu nakakhulu.

I-GOST 8645-68 "Amapayipi ensimbi angama-Rectangular" aqukethe okufakiwe okungu-300. Enkingeni yethu yedemo, sizofinyeza uhlu: sizothatha into eyodwa emndenini kasayizi ngamunye. Kunamarekhodi angu-19 esewonke, okumele ukhethe kuwo.

Isimo sokumodela se-Inventor, lapho sizokwakha khona imodeli futhi senze izibalo zamandla, siqukethe umtapo wezincwadi osenziwe ngomumo. Sizothatha okubalulekile kulo mtapo wolwazi:

Material - Insimbi
Ukuminyana 7,85 g/cu. cm;
Amandla okukhiqiza angu-207 MPa;
Amandla okuqina 345 MPa;
I-modulus yabancane engu-210 GPA;
Shear modulus 80,7692 GPa.

Nansi indlela imodeli enezinhlangothi ezintathu zomugqa olayishiwe obukeka ngayo:

Futhi nansi umphumela wokubala amandla. Isistimu yenza ukufiphaza izindawo ezisengozini yomgodi obomvu. Lezi yizindawo lapho ukungezwani kukhulu kakhulu. Isikali esingakwesokunxele sibonisa inani lokucindezelwa okuphezulu kokubalulekile kwe-beam.

 

Manje ake sidlulisele omunye umsebenzi irobhothi

Uhlelo lokusebenza lushintsha ngale ndlela elandelayo:

Sizohlanganisa irobhothi ku-Automation Anywhere Community Edition (kamuva ebizwa ngokuthi i-AA). Ake sidlule kumibandela yokuhlola futhi sichaze okuvelayo okucabangelayo.

Ukungafani

Izixazululo ze-RPA (ikakhulukazi ezentengiselwano) zihlezi zibekwe njengendlela yokwenza izinqubo zebhizinisi ngokuzenzakalelayo kanye nokwenza umsebenzi wabasebenzi basehhovisi kube ngokuzenzakalela. Izibonelo nezifundo zokuqeqesha zihlanganisa ukuxhumana ne-ERP, ECM, kanye neWebhu. Konke "kufana nehhovisi".

Ekuqaleni besinokungabaza ukuthi i-AA izokwazi yini ukuthatha isikhombimsebenzisi nedatha ye-Autodesk Inventor yethu. Kodwa konke kwasebenza ngempela: zonke izici, zonke izilawuli zachazwa futhi zarekhodwa. Ngisho nasemafomini esevisi anamathebula epharamitha, irobhothi lithole ukufinyelela kuseli elifunekayo ngokukhomba igundane.

Okulandelayo kwaba ukuhlolwa ngokwethulwa kwesitudiyo sokubala amandla. Futhi akunankinga futhi. Kulesi sigaba, bekufanele sisebenze ngokucophelela ngokumisa isikhashana phakathi kwezenzo lapho isistimu ilinde ukubala kuqedwe.

Ukubuyisa idatha evela kuwebhu nokuyifaka ku-Excel kuhambe kahle.
Ngaphakathi kwalo msebenzi, ukuguquguquka kwaqinisekiswa. Uma sibheka izincazelo zabanye abathengisi be-RPA, ukusebenzisa izinto ezihlukahlukene kuyisici esivamile salesi sigaba sesofthiwe.

Kulula ukufunda

Kuthathe ubusuku obuningana ukwenza kahle: izifundo, izibonelo zokuqeqesha - konke kukhona. Abathengisi abaningi be-RPA banikeza ukuqeqeshwa kwamahhala. Okuwukuphela kwesithiyo: isixhumi esibonakalayo semvelo kanye nezifundo ze-AA zingesiNgisi kuphela.

Isivinini sentuthuko

Sithuthukise futhi salungisa i-algorithm "yenkinga yonjiniyela" kusihlwa. Ukulandelana kwezenzo kwaqedwa ngemiyalo engama-44 kuphela. Ngezansi kukhona ingxenye yesixhumi esibonakalayo se-Automation Anywhere enerobhothi eliqediwe. Ikhodi ephansi/Awukho umqondo wekhodi - besingekho isidingo sokuhlela: sisebenzise amarekhodi okusebenza noma i-drug'n'drop kusuka kumtapo wolwazi. Bese ulungisa amapharamitha kuwindi lezakhiwo.

Ukukhululwa esimisweni

Irobhothi lichitha iminithi elingu-1 isekhondi elingu-20 licubungula irekhodi elilodwa. Sichithe cishe inani elifanayo lesikhathi sicubungula irekhodi elilodwa ngaphandle kwerobhothi.

Uma sikhuluma ngamarekhodi angamashumi namakhulu, khona-ke umuntu uzokhathala nakanjani futhi aqale ukuphazamiseka. Uchwepheshe angase avele axakeke ngomunye umsebenzi. Ngomuntu, ingxenye yefomu elithi "Uma umsebenzi uthatha imizuzu engu-A, khona-ke N imisebenzi enjalo ingaqedwa ngemizuzu engu-A * N" ayisebenzi - ihlala ithatha isikhathi esiningi.

Esibonelweni sethu, irobhothi lizohlunga amarekhodi ngokulandelana, liqale ngezigaba ezinkulu kakhulu. Ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu le yindlela ehamba kancane. Ukusheshisa, ungasebenzisa ukulinganisa okulandelanayo, isibonelo, indlela kaNewton noma ukuhlukaniswa kwesigamu.
Umphumela wokubala:

Ithebula 1. Umphumela wokukhetha isigaba sobhongo

Umsebenzi wososayensi

Umsebenzi wososayensi ukwenza izivivinyo ezimbalwa zezinombolo ukuze kutholwe umthetho ngokuthi amandla okuthwala umthwalo wenduku ashintsha kanjani kuye ngesigaba esiphambanayo, ubude nesisindo somthwalo. Umthetho otholiwe wakhiwe ngendlela yezibalo zokuhlehla.

Ukuze isibalo sokuhlehla sinembile, usosayensi kufanele acubungule inani elikhulu ledatha.

Ngokwesibonelo sethu, kunikezwe uhlu lwezinto eziguquguqukayo zokufaka:

• ukuphakama kwephrofayili yepayipi;
• ububanzi;
• ukujiya kodonga;
• ubude be-beam;
• isisindo somthwalo.

Uma kufanele senze ukubala okungenani amanani angu-3 okuguquguquka ngakunye, khona-ke lokhu kuphindaphinda okungu-243. Ngobude bemizuzu emibili yokuphindaphinda okukodwa, isikhathi esiphelele sizoba amahora angu-8 - usuku lonke lokusebenza! Ukuze uthole isifundo esiphelele, akufanele sithathe amanani ama-3, kodwa a-10 noma ngaphezulu.

Ngesikhathi socwaningo, kuzocaca ngokuqinisekile ukuthi izici ezengeziwe zidinga ukufakwa kumodeli. Isibonelo, "shayela" amamaki ahlukene ensimbi. Umthamo wezibalo ukhuphuka amashumi namakhulu ezikhathi.

Emsebenzini wangempela, irobhothi lizokwazi ukukhulula usosayensi izinsuku ezimbalwa, okuzosetshenziswa uchwepheshe ukuze alungiselele ukushicilelwa, futhi lokhu kuyinkomba eyinhloko yomsebenzi wososayensi.

Isifingqo

“Umkhiqizo” kanjiniyela uyithuluzi elisebenza ngempela, umklamo. Ukwenziwa kwezibalo kuzonciphisa izingozi ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okujulile kwephrojekthi (izibalo eziningi, izindlela eziningi, izinketho eziningi).

“Umkhiqizo” wososayensi uyisibalo, iphethini, noma enye incazelo ehlangene. Futhi uma inembe kakhulu, idatha eyengeziwe ehilelekile ekuhlaziyeni. Isixazululo se-RPA sizosiza ukukhiqiza ulwazi "ukudla" kwamamodeli.

Ake sihlanganise isibonelo sethu.

Indima yemodeli yokubala ingaba noma iyiphi imodeli: imodeli yebhuloho, imodeli yenjini, imodeli yesistimu yokushisa. Uchwepheshe uyadingeka ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi zonke izingxenye zemodeli zisebenzisana okulungile nokuthi imodeli inikeza "ngaphandle" isethi yamapharamitha angukhiye-okuguquguqukayo.

Indima yendawo yekhompyutha idlalwa yinoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza olusetshenziswa uchwepheshe emsebenzini wakhe. Ansys, Autocad, Solidworks, FlowVision, Dialux, PowerMill, Archicad. Noma okuthile okuthuthukisiwe endlini, isibonelo, uhlelo lokukhetha abalandeli embonini yokukhiqiza (bona izinhlelo zokukhetha imishini ye-Systemair).

Sibheka iwebhusayithi, isizindalwazi, ishidi le-Excel, kanye nefayela le-txt njengomthombo wedatha.
Umphumela wokugcina womsebenzi - umbiko - uyidokhumenti ye-Word enombhalo okhiqizwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, ishadi le-Excel, isethi yezithombe-skrini noma i-newsletter ye-imeyili.

I-RPA iyasebenza noma kuphi lapho kusetshenziswa khona ukuhlaziywa kobunjiniyela. Nazi ezinye izindawo:

• izibalo amandla kanye deformation;
• amandla e-hydro kanye negesi;
• ukushintshana kokushisa;
• i-electromagnetism;
• ukuhlaziywa kwezinhlaka ezahlukene;
• umklamo okhiqizayo;
• lawula izinhlelo ze-CNC (isibonelo, ukwakha isidleke);
• ucwaningo lwezokwelapha kanye nesayensi yezinto eziphilayo;
• ekubaleni amasistimu anempendulo noma amasistimu anganyakazi (lapho umphumela wokugcina kufanele udluliselwe kudatha yomthombo futhi ukubala kuphindwe).

Namuhla, izixazululo ze-RPA zisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ebhizinisini ukwenza izinqubo ngokuzenzakalela nokusebenza ngedatha. Inqubo yesisebenzi sasehhovisi, unjiniyela kanye nososayensi inokuningi okufanayo. Sikhombisile ukuthi amarobhothi awusizo kwezobunjiniyela nesayensi.

Ake sifingqe imibono yethu.

1. I-Versatility - yebo, i-RPA iyithuluzi lomhlaba wonke.
2. Kulula ukufunda - yebo, kulula futhi kuyafinyeleleka, kodwa udinga ulimi.
3. Isivinini sokuthuthuka - yebo, i-algorithm ihlanganiswa ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma uthola i-hang yokusebenza nabaqophayo.
4. Ukuzikhulula esimisweni - yebo, kungaletha izinzuzo ngempela emisebenzini emikhulu.

Source: www.habr.com