I-Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), ebhekele ukuthuthukiswa kwezivumelwano nezakhiwo ze-inthanethi, isiqedele i-RFC yephrothokholi ye-QUIC futhi yashicilela imininingwane ehlobene ngaphansi kwezihlonzi i-RFC 8999 (izakhiwo zephrothokholi ezizimele), i-RFC 9000 (ezokuthutha phezu kwe-UDP), i-RFC 9001 (umbhalo wemfihlo we-TLS wesiteshi sokuxhumana se-QUIC) kanye ne-RFC 9002 (ukulawula ukuminyana nokutholwa kokulahleka kwephakethe ngesikhathi sokudluliswa kwedatha).
Ama-RFC athole isimo “seZinga Elihlongozwayo”, ngemva kwalokho umsebenzi uzoqala ukunikeza i-RFC isimo sezinga lokusalungiswa (Izinga Lokusalungiswa), okusho ukuthi empeleni ukuzinzisa okuphelele kwephrothokholi futhi kucatshangelwa konke ukuphawula okwenziwe. Iphrothokholi ye-HTTP/3, echaza ukusetshenziswa kwephrothokholi ye-QUIC njengendlela yokuthutha ye-HTTP/2, isesesigabeni sokucaciswa okusalungiswa, kodwa maduzane izokwenziwa ibe sezingeni yi-IETF.
Kulindeleke ukuthi ukumiswa kwe-QUIC kuzonikeza umfutho ekwamukelweni okubanzi kwale nqubo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezandiso ezisekelwe kuyo, njenge-WebTransport (ubuchwepheshe bokuthumela nokwamukela idatha phakathi kwesiphequluli neseva) kanye ne-MASQUE. (ubuchwepheshe bommeleli bokuxhumana obunweba amandla e-SOCKS ne-HTTP CONNECT, nokusebenzisa i-HTTPS ngaphezulu kwe-QUIC njengezokuthutha).
Masikhumbule ukuthi iphrothokholi ye-QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections) yathuthukiswa yi-Google kusukela ngo-2013 njengenye indlela yenhlanganisela ye-TCP+TLS yeWebhu, ixazulula izinkinga ngokusetha okude nesikhathi sokuxoxisana sokuxhumana ku-TCP futhi isusa ukubambezeleka uma amaphakethe ayalahleka ngesikhathi sokudlulisa idatha. I-QUIC iyisandiso sephrothokholi ye-UDP esekela ukuphindwaphindwa kokuxhumana okuningi futhi inikeza izindlela zokubethela ezilingana ne-TLS/SSL. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwezinga le-IETF, kwenziwa izinguquko ku-protocol, okuholele ekuveleni kwamagatsha amabili afanayo, elilodwa le-HTTP/3, kanti elesibili lisekelwa i-Google (i-Chrome isekela kokubili okukhethwa kukho, futhi iFirefox isekela inguqulo ye-IETF) .
Izici ezibalulekile ze-QUIC:
- Ukuvikeleka okuphezulu okufana ne-TLS (empeleni i-QUIC inikeza ikhono lokusebenzisa i-TLS phezu kwe-UDP);
- Ukulawula ubuqotho bokugeleza, ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa kwephakethe;
- Ikhono lokusungula ngokushesha uxhumano (0-RTT, cishe ku-75% wedatha yamacala ingadluliselwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuthumela iphakethe lokusetha uxhumano) futhi inikeze ukubambezeleka okuncane phakathi kokuthumela isicelo nokuthola impendulo (i-RTT, Isikhathi Sohambo Olujikelezayo);
- Ukusebenzisa inombolo ehlukile yokulandelana lapho uthumela kabusha iphakethe, okugwema ukungaqondakali ekukhombeni amaphakethe atholiwe futhi kususe ukuphela kwesikhathi;
- Ukulahleka kwephakethe kuthinta kuphela ukulethwa kokusakaza okuhlotshaniswa nayo futhi akuvimbi ukulethwa kwedatha emifudlaneni ehambisanayo edluliselwa ngoxhumo lwamanje;
- Izici zokulungiswa kwephutha ezinciphisa ukubambezeleka ngenxa yokudluliselwa kabusha kwamaphakethe alahlekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhodi akhethekile okulungisa amaphutha ezingeni lephakethe ukunciphisa izimo ezidinga ukudluliswa kabusha kwedatha yephakethe elahlekile.
- Imingcele ye-Cryptographic block iqondaniswe nemingcele yephakethe ye-QUIC, enciphisa umthelela wokulahlekelwa kwephakethe ekuhlukaniseni okuqukethwe kwamaphakethe alandelayo;
- Azikho izinkinga ngokuvinjwa komugqa we-TCP;
- Ukusekela okokuhlonza uxhumano, okunciphisa isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze kusungulwe ukuxhuma kabusha kwamaklayenti eselula;
- Amathuba okuxhuma izindlela zokulawula ukuminyana okuthuthukile;
- Isebenzisa amasu okubikezela kokuphuma kokuqondisa ngakunye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amaphakethe athunyelwa ngezilinganiso ezifanele, ukuwavimbela ekubeni aminyene futhi abangele ukulahleka kwephakethe;
- Ukwenyuka okukhulu ekusebenzeni nasekuphumeni komsebenzi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-TCP. Ezinsizeni zevidiyo ezifana ne-YouTube, i-QUIC ikhonjiswe ukuthi yehlisa ukusebenza kokulungisa iphutha lapho ubuka amavidiyo ngo-30%.
Source: opennet.ru