Cishe wonke unjiniyela ubuza imibuzo mayelana nendlela okufanele athuthukise ngayo amakhono akhe nokuthi iyiphi inkomba yokukhula okufanele ayikhethe: mpo - okungukuthi, ukuba ngumphathi, noma okuvundlile - isitaki esigcwele. Iminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi kumkhiqizo owodwa, ngokuphambene nezinganekwane, ayibi umkhawulo, kodwa ithuba eliwusizo. Kulesi sihloko, sabelana ngolwazi lomthuthukisi wethu we-backend u-Alexey, owanikela iminyaka engu-6 ekutholeni izitifiketi futhi ngalesi sikhathi wasebenza ngendlela yakhe waze waba umakhi wezakhiwo.
Ubani umakhi
Umakhi we-IT (tech lead) ungumthuthukisi wezinga eliphezulu obhekana nezinkinga zomhlaba wonke kumaphrojekthi we-IT. Ugxila ezinqubweni zebhizinisi lekhasimende futhi usiza ukuxazulula izinkinga zakhe usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe, futhi unquma ukuthi lokhu noma lolo hlelo lolwazi luzohlelwa kanjani.
Uchwepheshe onjalo akadingi nje ukuqonda izindawo zesifundo ngasinye, kodwa futhi abone yonke inqubo:
- Ukusetha inkinga yebhizinisi.
- Ukuthuthukiswa, okuhlanganisa ukuhlela, ukulungiswa, ukugcinwa kanye nokucutshungulwa kwedatha.
- Ukusatshalaliswa nokwesekwa kwengqalasizinda.
- Ukuhlola.
- Sebenzisa.
- Izibalo nezinsiza zokusebenza.
Lokhu kusho ikhono lokuzibeka esicathulweni sanoma yimuphi uchwepheshe noma ithimba emjikelezweni wokuphila wokuthuthukiswa, ukuqonda isimo samanje sezinhlelo ngaphakathi, thola amaphutha enziwe, futhi uhlele imigomo. Ngezinye izikhathi udinga ukwenza ukuhlinzwa ngokwakho.
Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe kusuka kumthuthukisi kuya kumakhi ithatha isikhathi eside - ngokuvamile iminyaka eminingana. Ukwenza lokhu, umthuthukisi udinga kokubili amakhono asebenzayo kanye nolwazi lwethiyori, olungaqinisekiswa ngesitifiketi samazwe ngamazwe.
Iminyaka engaphezu kwemi-5 kuphrojekthi eyodwa - inqubo noma ithuba lokukhula?
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, saqala ukusebenza ohlelweni olukhulu lwe-IT lwezokwelapha lwekhasimende langaphandle. Kube nezinkinga ezithile kule phrojekthi enkulu:
- ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe;
- i-prod engazinzile;
- ama-sprints amade ngokumangalisayo nezimvume ezinde.
"Isikhathi sokuthuthukisa amakhono akho"", - omunye wabathuthukisi abahamba phambili u-Alexey weza kulesi sinqumo ukuze anqobe izinkinga ezibalwe futhi aqonde kangcono uhlelo.
U-Alexey wabelane ngolwazi lwakhe, lapho kungcono ukuqala ukuqeqeshwa, yiziphi izitifiketi ezibalulekile ukuze uthole, kanjani futhi kungani ukwenze.
Isinyathelo sokuqala: thuthukisa isiNgisi sakho
Izilimi zokuhlela ziyingxenye ebalulekile yentuthuko, kodwa izilimi zokuxhumana zibaluleke ngendlela efanayo. Ikakhulukazi ekuxhumaneni nekhasimende elikhuluma isiNgisi!
Kusukela umkhuba
Ngolunye usuku oluhle, u-Alexey wathola ucingo oluvela emsebenzini ohlangothini lwekhasimende. Ngaleso sikhathi, unjiniyela wethu akakwazanga ukuziqhayisa ngenqwaba yezitifiketi - hhayi kwezobuchwepheshe, noma ekuphathweni, noma kwezokuxhumana. Mhlawumbe bekungeke kube usizo - emva kwakho konke, ungaba uchwepheshe onekhono ngaphandle kwe-regalia eyengeziwe. Kodwa inkinga isekhona.
Kufanele siqonde ukuthi ulimi olukhulunywayo luhluke kakhulu olimini olubhalwayo. Uma wazi kahle izicaciso zesiNgisi, kodwa ungazilolongi ukulalela nokukhuluma, sizokuphathela izindaba ezimbi. Kulokhu, izingxoxo zocingo nabalingani zingaholela ekugcineni.
U-Alexey wabamba amagama ajwayelekile ocingweni, kodwa inkulumo kazakwabo yayishesha kakhulu futhi ingafani nendlela yokuphimisela yakudala evela ezifundweni ezilalelwayo kangangokuthi ingqikithi yemibuzo yakhe yadlula ndawana thize. Ngenxa yenhlonipho nokungabaza ukwenza isimo sibe nzima, u-Alexey wavuma ngokushesha zonke iziphakamiso.
Ngidinga ukusho ukuthi izinto ezitholwe ezingajabulisi zenziwe ngesikhathi somsebenzi? Unjiniyela wethu ubhalisele okuthile abengakwenqaba ngokuphelele ukube ukunikezwa bekufike ngolimi oluqondakalayo.
Ngaleso sikhathi kwacaca ukuthi kwakudingekile ukuthuthukisa amakhono okulalela nokukhuluma. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza lokhu kwaba ngezitifiketi.
Isitifiketi solimi lwesiNgisi
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuxhumana phakathi kohlaka lwephrojekthi yethu yezokwelapha, u-Alexey wafunda ezinhlelweni eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngenxa yalokho, waphasa i-FCE - Isitifiketi Sokuqala seSitifiketi SesiNgisi. Lokhu kwangisiza ukuba ngiqale ukuzwa ikhasimende futhi ngidlulisele imicabango yami kulo.
Ukuqapha impilo:
Gwema izinhlelo eziyisisekelo zesiNgisi. Ikhono kumele liqondiswe. Uma udinga isiNgisi sokuxhumana kwebhizinisi, kufanele usithathe. Vele ungeqisi futhi uthathe i-CAE (Isitifiketi SesiNgisi Esithuthukisiwe). Okukhethekile kwawo kungamagama ayinkimbinkimbi, izinkulumo eziqondile cishe ezingakaze zisetshenziswe ekuxhumaneni kwamazwe ngamazwe.
Isinyathelo sesibili: ukunikezwa isitifiketi kuso sonke isitaki sobuchwepheshe
Ekuqaleni, iphrojekthi ibisekelwe kubuchwepheshe bemephu obuhlobene nento ye-ORM. Ithimba lokuthuthukiswa ohlangothini lwekhasimende laliziqhenya ngomqondo wabo, ngoba konke kwenziwa kusetshenziswa imiqondo ethuthukisiwe, eyinkimbinkimbi futhi epholile.
Kodwa-ke, izinkinga ekukhiqizeni-ikakhulukazi, iseva ye-SQL ehlala iqhwa-yayingavamile. Kufike ezingeni lapho isisombululo esijwayelekile senkinga kwakuwukuqala kabusha isevisi. Ikhasimende lishayele umholi wethimba lathi sekuyisikhathi sokuqala kabusha. Ekugcineni sanquma ukuyiqeda.
Ikhasimende lalifuna ukwenza ukusebenza kwesistimu - ngenxa yalokhu kwakudingeka ukwethula iphrofayela kanye nokwenza ngcono njalo. Ngaleso sikhathi, cishe ngo-2015, i-Ants Profiler yakhethwa njengethuluzi lokuphrofayili, kodwa ayizange isebenze kahle. Ngemininingwane ephansi, bekunzima ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nebhulokhi ebalulekile yekhodi. Ngemininingwane eminingi, i-Ants Profiler yaqala ukushintsha ikhodi ngendlela yokuthi ukusebenza kwezinhlelo kube sengcupheni - lapho ukuphrofayili kulungiselelwe, yonke into yavele yaphahlazeka. Ngakho sashintsha indlela yethu yokwenza izinto.
Siqale ngokuhlaziya izibalo
Lapho kuhlaziywa izibalo zokuthengisa, kwacaca ukuthi u-95% womsebenzi kuseva unomqondo webhizinisi wakudala wemigqa emi-4. Kubo, umbuzo owodwa we-SQL wawanele, hhayi isethi ephelele yemibuzo ekhiqizwe ibhulokhi enengqondo yebhizinisi ene-ORM.
U-Alexey uhlongoze futhi wasebenzisa inqubo egciniwe yokuhambisa umsebenzi ngaphandle kwe-ORM. Umbono wawuphikisana nombono ovamile wephrojekthi, umholi wethimba wawubingelela ngokuqapha, kodwa ikhasimende lamukele yonke into futhi lacela ukuqaliswa. Lokhu kwakungamangalisi, ngoba indlela entsha yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka kokucubungula ekukhiqizeni kusukela emahoreni amane kuya emaminithini ambalwa - isilinganiso sezikhathi ezingu-98.
Noma kunjalo, sasinokungabaza: ingabe lesi yisinqumo esifanele noma indaba yokuzikhethela komuntu siqu? Ukukholwa ku-C# no-ORM ongusomandla kwanyakaziswa ingozi eyabonisa amandla aphelele ezixazululo ezilula.
Icala lesibili
Ithimba libhale umbuzo ukuze lisebenze ngedatha ngaphakathi kwepharadigm ye-ORM, ehlanganiswe ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho, ngaphandle kwamaphutha. Ukucubungula kwayo kuthathe amaminithi angu-2-3, futhi le mingcele ibonakala yamukelekile. Nokho, okunye ukuqaliswa kusetshenziswa izikhethi ezilula nokubukwa kunikeze imiphumela ngokushesha - kumasekhondi angu-2.
Kwaba sobala ukuthi kwase kuyisikhathi sokukhetha uchwepheshe ozonikezwa isitifiketi kuso sonke isitaki sephrojekthi ukuze aqonde wonke ama-nuances futhi akhethe indlela efanele. U-Alexey wathatha lo msebenzi.
Izitifiketi zokuqala
Ukuze aqonde ingqikithi, u-Alexey wadlula , ehlanganisa sonke isitaki sobuchwepheshe sephrojekthi:
- TS: I-Windows Applications Development nge-Microsoft .NET Framework 4
- I-TS: Ukufinyelela Idatha nge-Microsoft .NET Framework 4 Programming ku-C#
- TS: I-Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 Windows Forms Application Development
- I-PRO: Ukuklama nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Windows usebenzisa i-Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5
- I-PRO: Ukuklama nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekelwe ku-Windows Ngokusebenzisa i-Microsoft .NET Framework
- TS: I-Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 - I-Windows-based Client Development
Ukuzama ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi kuphrojekthi entsha, ithimba lafinyelela eziphethweni ezilandelayo:
- Ukuze izinhlelo zisebenze, kuyadingeka ukulandela imithetho yekhodi yokubhala: hhayi ama-indentations namazwana, kodwa izici zobuchwepheshe - inani lezingcingo ezigciniwe zolwazi, umthwalo kuseva, nokunye okuningi.
- Ukusebenzisa imiqondo engqubuzanayo kungaholela enkingeni. Umqondo wezingosi zolwazi uyitiyori emisiwe, kuyilapho i-ORM ingumqondo wokusebenza.
- Imibono ephazamisa ukuhleleka kwezinto okuvamile ingase ihlangabezane nokuphikiswa ngaphakathi kweqembu. Intuthuko imayelana nobudlelwano kanye nekhono lokuphikisa umbono wakho.
- Isitifiketi sinweba ama-horizons akho futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uqonde ukuthi yini engasetshenziswa nokuthi yini engasetshenziswa.
Isinyathelo Sesithathu: Funda Okuningi Kunekhodi
Lapho usebenza ngezixazululo ezinkulu ze-IT, izici eziningi zibalulekile. Isibonelo, akuwona wonke umthuthukisi onaka imingcele yenethiwekhi, kodwa ngisho nomkhawulokudonsa wayo ungathinta isisombululo senkinga yebhizinisi.
Ukuqonda lokhu kunikezwa 98 uchungechunge isitifiketi:
Zikuvumela ukuthi ubheke kabanzi izinto futhi uphume emcabangweni βwekhodi kuphelaβ olinganiselwe. Lezi ziyizisekelo, izisekelo, kodwa zibalulekile ukuqonda yonke into ezingeni elijulile.
Izitifiketi ze-Series 98 izivivinyo ezimfushane - imibuzo engama-30 imizuzu engama-45.
Isinyathelo Sesine: Ukuphathwa Kwenqubo
Ukusebenza nemitholampilo kuwumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kunokudala umdlalo ohambahambayo. Lapha awukwazi ukwengeza isici futhi usikhiphe ukuze sikhiqizwe - kubalulekile ukulandela inqubo yokugunyaza nokwenza ukuhlela okuningi okuvela kukhasimende, ngoba impilo yabantu nezimpilo zabo kusengcupheni.
I-Agile evamile ayizange ikhiqize imiphumela edingekayo kule phrojekthi, futhi i-sprint ngayinye yathatha isikhathi eside impela. Phakathi kokuthunyelwa kwathatha izinyanga eziyisi-6 kuya onyakeni.
Ukwengeza, bekungenakwenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe ukuletha izinqubo zemitholampilo eyishumi enikezwa idinominator ethile.
Ukuze uthole imiphumela ngokushesha ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, abathuthukisi babedinga isibopho somuntu siqu kanye nombono omkhulu wezinqubo - okusho ukugxilisa ingqondo njalo kanye neziqu eziphezulu.
Lapho uchwepheshe ecwiliswa kule nqubo, ubona ngokucacile imiphumela, izimbangela nemiphumela, isithombe sonke. Lokhu ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyisici sokugqugquzela okwengeziwe nokuqwashisa, ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokuxazulula izinkinga nezinkinga.
Ngengqalasizinda esebenza kahle, izakhiwo ezakhiwe kahle kanye nekhodi efanele, umuntu oyedwa angakwazi ukuthatha izinqubo eziningi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi kuyadingeka ukukhulisa amasosha omhlaba wonke akwazi ukuhola iphrojekthi yedwa. Ukuxhumana nokusebenza ngokubambisana kubalulekile.
Eqenjini, umthuthukisi ngamunye uyaqonda ukuthi ozakwabo bancike ezenzweni zakhe. Ukonga imizuzu emi-5 ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuthuthukisa kusho mhlawumbe amahora angu-5 engeziwe okuhlola. Ukuze uqonde lokhu, kubalulekile ukusungula ukuxhumana.
Kuphrojekthi yethu, u-Alexey wathola usizo lokwazi izinqubo :
- Isitifiketi Sesisekelo se-M_o_R Sokulawulwa Kwengozi
- I-Agile Scrum Foundation
- IT Service Management Foundation
- I-EXIN Business Information Management Foundation
- I-PRINCE2 Isitifiketi Esiyisisekelo Sokuphathwa Kwephrojekthi
- Isitifiketi Sobunjiniyela Bokuhlola
- I-Microsoft Operations Framework Foundation
- I-Agile Service Projects
Izifundo zathathwa ku-edX ezisize ukubheka uhlelo ngombono wezibalo kanye nohlelo olunciphile futhi kamuva lwaphushwa ukuze luthole. isitifiketi somakhi:
- I-Lean Production
- Six Sigma: Hlaziya, Thuthukisa, Lawula
- I-Sigma Eyisithupha: Chaza futhi Ulinganise
Ngokomgomo we-Six Sigma, ukulawula izibalo kuqinisekisa imiphumela yekhwalithi ephezulu namathuba aphezulu kakhulu.
Ephakamisa izinga lakhe, umthuthukisi, njengomthetho, ufika eziphethweni ezilandelayo:
- Ungasebenzi kanzima, kodwa usebenze kahle.
- Ungayixabanisi impilo yakho ngokujaha ingaphandle: ubuchwepheshe obuphambili abuzixazululi kangcono izinkinga.
- Yenza ubungane nochwepheshe kuzo zonke izigaba zomjikelezo futhi uthole amaphuzu abo ezinhlungu. Umakhi kufanele abe yingcweti ezinqubweni: ukuhlonza inkinga, ukubeka inkinga, ukuklama i-topology yenethiwekhi, ukuthuthukiswa, ukuhlola, ukusekela, ukusebenza.
- Hlola zonke izici ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
- Kwenzeka ukuthi izinqubo ze-IT azihambisani nezinqubo zebhizinisi, futhi lokhu kufanele kusetshenzwe ngakho.
Isinyathelo sesihlanu: qonda isakhiwo ngokusebenzisa ilensi Yedatha Enkulu
Ngesikhathi sephrojekthi sibhekane nedathabheyisi enkulu impela. Okungenani kwabonakala kunjalo kwaze kwaba umzuzwana othile. Lapho u-Alexey eqala ukufunda idatha enkulu ku-edX, kwavela ukuthi i-1,5 Tb kuphrojekthi yayiyisizindalwazi esincane. Izikali ezinzima - kusuka ku-10 Tb, nezinye izindlela ziyadingeka lapho.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo sokuthola isitifiketi kwakuyisifundo sedatha enkulu. Usize ukuqonda inhlangano yokugeleza kwedatha nokusheshisa imisebenzi yokukhiqiza. Futhi unake amathuluzi amancane, isibonelo, qala ukusebenzisa i-Excel ukuxazulula imisebenzi emincane ngayinye.
Isitifiketi:
Uhlelo Lochwepheshe lweMicrosoft: Isitifiketi Sedatha Enkulu
Isinyathelo sesithupha: ukusuka kunjiniyela ukuya kumakhi
Ngemva kokuthola zonke izitifiketi ezisohlwini, ngenkathi esengumthuthukisi, u-Alexey waqala ukuqonda ukuthi ulwazi olutholiwe lwalunezinga eliphezulu lokukhipha, futhi lokhu kwakukude nokubi.
Umbono wezinga elikhulu lezinqubo uholela ezingeni lomklami wezakhiwo, elinye lamazinga aphezulu esitifiketi.
Lapho efuna isitifiketi somakhi, u-Alexey weza ngu-Sundblad & Sundblad. Lolu wuhlelo oluqashelwa yiMicrosoft, ukuthuthukiswa kwalo kwaqala eminyakeni engu-14 edlule ngokubambisana kwenhloko yenkampani namahhovisi aseSweden. Ihlanganisa i-.NET Framework, ukuqoqwa kwezidingo, ukuphathwa kokugeleza kolwazi, nezinye izihloko eziningi ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi kuthathwa njengobufakazi obuqinile bamakhono omdwebi wezakhiwo.
Bekunezifundo okufanele zifundwe ngaphakathi kohlelo. Ukunikeza isitifiketi ulwazi oluhlelekile futhi kwasivumela ukuthi singene esigabeni esisha sokuthuthuka - ukusuka kunjiniyela ukuya kumakhi.
Ukufingqa
Njengoba u-Alexey ephawula, lapho usebenza nesistimu ye-IT enkulu, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuhlela akuyona into yokuzijabulisa ebiza kakhulu, kodwa ithuluzi lokuxazulula izinkinga zebhizinisi. Lapho ubhekene nalokhu noma leyo nselele, nakanjani udinga ukubhala inani lebhizinisi ukuze iphrojekthi ingafinyeleli ekupheleni.
Umakhi unombono okhethekile wokuhlela kanye nezingxenye zawo eziyisisekelo:
- Ukudala kanye/noma nokugcina ukugeleza kwedatha
- Ikhipha ukugeleza kolwazi ekugelezeni kwedatha
- Imonyula ukusakaza kwevelu ekugelezeni kolwazi
- Ukwenza Imali Kwevalue
Uma ubheka iphrojekthi ngamehlo omakhi, udinga ukuqala kusukela ekugcineni: yenza inani bese uya kulo ngokugeleza kwedatha.
Umakhi ulandela imithetho yentuthuko, enombono womhlaba wonke wale phrojekthi. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyifinyelela ngokwenza kanye namaphutha akhoβnoma kunalokho, kungenzeka, kodwa kuzothatha isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ukunikeza isitifiketi kukuvumela ukuthi wandise ama-horizons akho futhi ubheke umongo ogcwele wenkinga ngayinye, ujwayelane nolwazi lwezinkulungwane zochwepheshe futhi uthuthukise ikhono lokuxazulula izinkinga ngempumelelo.
Kuze kube manje, sesisebenze nalolu hlelo lwezokwelapha oluchazwe ngenhla iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu futhi sizuze intuthuko enkulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, u-Alexey waphumelela izivivinyo zesitifiketi ezingaphezu kuka-20:
- TS: I-Windows Applications Development nge-Microsoft .NET Framework 4
- I-TS: Ukufinyelela Idatha nge-Microsoft .NET Framework 4 Programming ku-C#
- TS: I-Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 Windows Forms Application Development
- I-PRO: Ukuklama nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Windows usebenzisa i-Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5
- I-PRO: Ukuklama nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekelwe ku-Windows Ngokusebenzisa i-Microsoft .NET Framework
- TS: I-Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 - I-Windows-based Client Development
- 98-361: Okuyisisekelo Sokuthuthukiswa Kwesofthiwe
- 98-364: Okuyisisekelo Kwesizindalwazi
- Isitifiketi Sesisekelo se-M_o_R Sokulawulwa Kwengozi
- I-Agile Scrum Foundation
- IT Service Management Foundation
- I-EXIN Business Information Management Foundation
- I-PRINCE2 Isitifiketi Esiyisisekelo Sokuphathwa Kwephrojekthi
- Isitifiketi Sobunjiniyela Bokuhlola
- I-Microsoft Operations Framework Foundation
- I-Agile Service Projects
- I-Lean Production
- Six Sigma: Hlaziya, Thuthukisa, Lawula
- I-Sigma Eyisithupha: Chaza futhi Ulinganise
- Uhlelo Lochwepheshe lweMicrosoft: Isitifiketi Sedatha Enkulu
- I-Software Architect Eqinisekisiwe - I-Microsoft Platform
Ngemva kokuphasa zonke izivivinyo, u-Alexey wasuka kunjiniyela oholayo waba umakhi wephrojekthi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isitifiketi sesiyithuluzi elinamandla lakho kokubili ukuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe kanye nokwakha isithunzi emehlweni ekhasimende.
βI-Certification Ramβ yasiza ekufinyeleleni ezinqubweni ezibucayi ngazinye ezidinga ukulawulwa nokucaciswa. Amakhasimende aseYurophu ezixazululo ze-IT, njengomthetho, azisa kakhulu ochwepheshe abaqinisekisiwe futhi alungele ukubanikeza inkululeko eyengeziwe yokwenza.
Ngiyabonga ukulalela kwenu! Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sibe usizo kuwe.
Source: www.habr.com