Senze okulotshiweyo okufushane ngemicabango esemqoka evela kuPython Junior Podcast: kuyo sixoxe ngokuthi siqale kuphi nokuthi siye kuphi njengomthuthukisi wePython oqalayo. Muva nje sinokuningi okuqukethwe kwabantu abaphakathi nendawo nabadala, kodwa lesi siqephu ngesabancane nakanjani.
Izihloko eziyinhloko:
- Iluphi ulwazi oludingwa umhleli we-novice ukuze azilolonge
ukuthuthukiswa kwewebhu? - Yini abaqashi abayilindele konjiniyela?
- Yini okufanele uyenze ukuze uthole umsebenzi ngaphandle kwesipiliyoni?
- Angathuthuka kanjani umthuthukisi wePython?
I-Python Junior Podcast iyi-podcast ehlela labo abafuna ukuqonda kangcono iPython. Ukusakazwa kuqhutshwa abavangeli bomphakathi kanye nothisha bezifundo .
Abahlanganyeli engxoxweni:
- UValentin Dombrovski,umsunguli we-MoscowPython
- Zlata Obukhovskaya, Umholi weqembu le-NVIDIA
- UGrigory Petrov, umvangeli MoscowPython
- U-Alexey Shtyrnyaev, unjiniyela e-FinEx, uthisha wezifundo ze-Learn
Python
Kungani iPython inhle ekuthuthukisweni kwewebhu
UValentin Dombrovsky: Kungani iPython ifaneleka ekuthuthukisweni kwewebhu? Kungani kungenjalo i-PHP noma i-JavaScript, isibonelo?
UGrigory Petrov: Ngakho akukho ukukhetha okuningi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kuWebhu yesimanje ungakwazi ngempela ukwakha uhlelo lokusebenza lwekhasi elilodwa noma uhlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu oluqhubekayo ngaphandle kokubuyela emuva - usebenzisa kuphela ubuchwepheshe bangaphambili, usebenzisa i-JavaScript - liseyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, alukhonjiswa kahle futhi ludinga onjiniyela abapholile.
Uma sifuna ukwenza iwebhusayithi noma isevisi, sisebenzisa indlela ehlanganisiwe: enye i-backend isebenzisa ingqondo futhi idale amakhasi ewebhu, futhi enye i-frontend idweba lawa makhasi ewebhu esipheqululini. Futhi lapho sidinga ukuhlanganisa konke ngokushesha kokuthile, asinakho ukukhetha ngempela.
Ake sibheke ongakhetha kukho.
- C#. I-Microsoft yinhle ngempela, yenze i-.NET Core futhi bayikhangisa ngayo yonke indlela. Kodwa, okokuqala, lobu ubuchwepheshe obusha be-cross-platform, futhi akuzona zonke izinto ezibushelelezi lapho okwamanje. Okwesibili, kubiza ngempela, bambalwa abathuthukisi be-C# - ngoba nje ayithandwa.
- Java. Kuyinkimbinkimbi. Ukwenza iwebhusayithi evamile ku-Java akuthathi imigqa yekhodi eyi-10, njengakuPython. Lena ikhodi eningi, lezi yizinhlaka, futhi udinga ukwazi imininingwane yokusetha amaseva e-Java. Ngokuvamile, ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka okuqhubekayo.
- PHP. Ezinguqulweni zakamuva kuyamangalisa. Ngizosho lokhu: I-PHP 7.2 ayibi kakhulu kunePython. Kepha awukwazi ukuvele uthathe futhi usebenzise i-PHP 7.2. Uma umthuthukisi ojwayelekile, hhayi ophezulu enza iwebhusayithi ku-PHP, ngeke abhale kuphela ku-7.2: kusazodingeka afunde ezinye izincwadi zokufunda, izifundo, kukhona ikhodi yefa eminingi yonke indawo, futhi lokhu akulungile kakhulu.
- I-JavaScript kanye ne-Node.js. Kuhle futhi kusimanjemanje uma kunolimi olulodwa ngaphambili nangemuva. Ayizinzile nje. I-Node.js iyinto enhle, kodwa kuyinkinga ukuyifaka ekukhiqizeni ukuze ingaphahlazeki futhi isebenze ngokuzinza. Futhi, uma sifuna ukubhala ikhodi ye-JavaScript yekhwalithi, asiyidingi i-JavaScript, kodwa i-TypeScript. Kepha i-TypeScript iyinkimbinkimbi ngokungalindelekile, futhi ubuchopho obujwayelekile bonjiniyela buyabila lapho buyibona.
Ake sishiye ngaphandle uRuby, Haskell, Erlang nezinye izinto ze-niche, futhi sisele ... Python. Ulimi olune-syntax engaguquki, umtapo wezincwadi ojwayelekile ofanayo, imibhalo ehamba phambili, izinhlaka ezilula ezidumile, kanye nenhlanganisela edume kakhulu ye-Django.
Kuvela ukuthi, naphezu kokukhethwa okubanzi kakhulu, uma sinabathuthukisi abajwayelekile, hhayi abaphezulu, siyibhizinisi elivamile elifuna ukwenza amawebhusayithi ajwayelekile, asinawo umnyango wokuthuthukiswa kwabantu abangu-50, bese sithatha iPython.
Yiluphi ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze ungene kulo msebenzi?
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Ngikholwa ukuthi udinga ukwazi uhlaka olulodwa kahle - futhi wazi ukuthi ezinye zikhona nokuthi zisetshenziswa nini. Iphi iTornado, iphi i-Django, iphi iFlask, iphi i-aiohttp nokunye.
Kuyoba usizo ukwazi ukuthi kukhona into efana nezivumelwano. Ikakhulukazi, ulwazi lwephrothokholi ye-http luyisisekelo sokwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu.
Futhi udinga ukuqonda okungenani ukuthi i-front end isebenza kanjani kumaphrojekthi wewebhu: yini i-HTML, CSS, JS.
U-Alexey Shtyrnyaev: Futhi yazi lapho imibhalo ikuphi. Kubaluleke kakhulu.
UGrigory Petrov: Lapha sinyathela emhlabathini onyakazayo kakhulu. Uma sineshwa futhi ngandlela thize siqala ngokujulile ukutadisha i-frontend yesimanje, khona-ke kuyoba nzima izikhathi ezingu-10 kune-backend ku-Python. Umthuthukisi wezimfundamakhwela udinga ukukhawulela ukugxila kwakhe ukuze aqale ukufunda i-HTML, kodwa angalahleki kuwo wonke lawa ma-div, ama-spans, ama-floats, ukuthi yonke into iqondaniswe futhi ihlelwe kanjani.
U-Alexey Shtyrnyaev: Udinga isifundo esiyisisekelo se-Bootstrap. Futhi izisekelo ze-HTML.
Onyakeni wokuqala, akufanele ujule kuzinhlaka ze-JS (uma ugxile ku-backend). Isifundo esiyisisekelo se-Bootstrap sesivele sinamamojula enziwe ngomumo: uma ufuna isilayidi, yenza isilayidi; uma ufuna imenyu entantayo, yenza imenyu entantayo.
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Ngicabanga ukuthi ngenkathi ufunda i-frontend, ungazicwilisa, ikakhulukazi, ukuthi ama-statics anikezwa kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu. Ngakho-ke umthuthukisi uqhubeka kahle ukuze aqale ukufunda ukuthi ukwakheka kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu kusebenza kanjani ngokomgomo nokuthi ziphila kanjani ekukhiqizeni.
UGrigory Petrov: Yebo, ngizoyincoma ngokushesha uma kwenzeka ukhethe i-Python njengolimi lokuthuthukiswa kwe-backend futhi, isibonelo, i-Django njengohlaka: I-Django inemibhalo eNcwadini ye-Django, ipholile ngempela, iqukethe konke uZlata akusho, ngempela. kuhle kwabaqalayo.
U-Alexey Shtyrnyaev: Amanye Amantombazane e-Django nawo afaneleka ukuqala okusheshayo uma umgomo wakho uwukufunda i-Django. Lesi isifundo lapho ngosuku olulodwa ungakwazi ukweqa phezulu, uqonde izinto eziyisisekelo nokuthi uhlaka lukwazi ukwenzani.
UValentin Dombrovsky: Ukulungiselela ukuqopha i-podcast, sihlanganise uhlu lwalokho okudingwa wumhleli wePython ekuthuthukisweni kwewebhu, okufingqa esikushilo ekuqaleni.
Yini efakwe ezintweni eziyisisekelo zokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu kuPython
- Izinhlaka zewebhu i-Django, Flask, aiohttp, Tornado, njll. (futhi wazi ngobukhona babanye).
- Amaphrothokholi nama-API: ngokuyinhloko i-http, i-JSON-RPC, i-Protocol Buffers, i-gRPC.
- I-ORM nokufuduka, isizindalwazi esihlobene, i-SQLAlchemy, i-SQL, i-PostgreSQL, i-MySQL.
- Izisekelo ze-HTML, i-CSS, i-Bootstrap, kanye nezinhlaka ze-JS ne-JQuery.
- Izimiso zokusebenza kwesicelo ekukhiqizeni, ekuhloleni, ekuhlolweni kweyunithi, ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo, izinhlelo zokulawula inguqulo, i-git.
Ingabe abancane badinga ama-algorithms?
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Ekuqaleni, awudingi ukwazi ama-algorithms; azovela kancane kancane ekhanda lakho uma uhlanganyela ekuthuthukisweni isikhathi eside ngokwanele. Ngazi inqwaba yonjiniyela abahle abangazange babe nesifundo esihle se-algorithms esisemthethweni.
UGrigory Petrov: Ngifuna ukufaka uphethiloli emlilweni. Kuvelaphi ukulangazelela kwethu ama-algorithms?
Okwamanje asinayo imfundo eyisisekelo kuma-algorithms, asazi ukuthi sibaqeqesha kanjani abahleli bohlelo, asinaso isisekelo sobuchwepheshe.
Bazama ukwenza lokhu, kodwa lapha sinendaba kaHogwarts: asikwazi ukudala isikole sabathakathi kuyilapho singenaye umthakathi oyedwa. Ngakho-ke, yini okufanele inyuvesi iyenze lapho ifika kubo futhi ibuza: "Qala ukuqeqesha abahleli," kodwa abanabo abahleli bezinhlelo, ngoba wonke umuntu usebenza ku-Mail.ru, i-Rambler ne-Yandex, ingabe bayajabula lapho?
Inyuvesi ibheka futhi ithi:
- Kulungile, ukuhlela. Masithole indawo ethile ehlobene yolwazi futhi simeme ochwepheshe abasuka lapho. Masimeme izintatheli ezikwazi ukubhala amakhophi, onjiniyela bakagesi abakwazi ukwenza amasekhethi kagesi, nongoti bezibalo abangasebenzisa ama-algorithms.
Ekugcineni, kuvele ukuthi lokhu kusebenza njengokufundisa i-physics yezinhlayiyana zomakhi ngoba isitini nosimende kwenziwa ngezinhlayiya eziyisisekelo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abakhulumi ngosimende nezitini ngokwabo, ngoba isazi se-physics esizama ukuqeqesha umakhi asikwazi ukwakha izindlu. Ngenxa yalokho, sithola umakhi okwazi ukuchaza ngokuphelele ukuthi "usimende usebenza", kodwa akakaze awubone futhi akazi ukuthi angayenza kanjani noma yini kuwo.
Ama-algorithms nezakhiwo zedatha zinhle kakhulu, kodwa lena yindawo encane kakhulu yohlelo lokusebenza. Zidingeka ngokushesha, isibonelo, uma ubhala injini yegeyimu, i-compiler, noma iphrothokholi yenethiwekhi.
Iningi labahleli bezinhlelo lixazulula izinkinga zebhizinisi lapho ama-algorithms nezakhiwo zedatha zingadingeki.
Izibalo ezinzima kakhulu lapho ukungeza kabili bese kuyahlukaniswa. Kudinga ulwazi oluhluke ngokuphelele. Ukuxazulula izinkinga zebhizinisi kudinga ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kunolwazi oluyisisekelo.
Kungcono ukuthi umthuthukisi we-novice abe nokuqonda kwebhizinisi nokuthi angazihlanganisa kanjani kahle futhi ngokushesha izakhiwo ezidingekayo kumabhulokhi esenziwe ngomumo, angawasusa kanjani amaphutha, aqinisekise ukuthi awahlukani, azi ukuthi kungani ehlukana, kwenzekani uma izidingo zishintsha futhi uhlelo luqala "ukuzinza esisekelweni" njengendlu ngemva kwemvula.
Lezi yizinto ezisebenzayo kanye nokuqonda ukuthi ibhalwa kanjani isoftware. Kudingeka azi ukuthi ngaphezu kwe-debugger, unesethi yamathuluzi azobonisa kahle lapho uhlelo luhamba kancane.
UValentin Dombrovsky: Lokhu kuqhathanisa kwafika engqondweni yami: lokhu ukuhumusha kusuka olimini lwebhizinisi kuya olimini ongaxhumana ngalo nekhompyutha. Okusho ukuthi, umklami uhlobo oluthile lwesazi solimi.
UGrigory Petrov: Ibhizinisi lidinga umbhali, hhayi isazi solimi. Umbhali akadingi ukwazi ukuthi kungani eminyakeni eyinkulungwane edlule leli gama laguqulwa laba leli. Kudingeka akwazi ukusebenzisa la mazwi.
Okudingayo ukuze uthole umsebenzi wakho wokuqala njengonjiniyela
U-Alexey Shtyrnyaev: Cishe ayikho iresiphi yendawo yonke yendlela yokupheka ijunior.
Uma uza enkampanini ethile, izokuqasha hhayi ngoba wazi i-Django, i-JSON kanye nama-algorithms ambalwa. Cishe uzoqashwa ngamakhono adingwa yile nkampani lapha futhi manje.
Kunezinkampani eziningi, futhi zonke zinezidingo ezahlukene. Alukho ulwazi olunjalo lomhlaba wonke oludinga ukutholwa ukuze uqhubeke ulungiselela i-resume futhi uyofuna umsebenzi.
UGrigory Petrov: Ngenkathi thina kwa-VoxImplant sifuna onjiniyela abambalwa, umqondisi wethu wezobuchwepheshe wenza imfuneko eyisisekelo ngale ndlela elandelayo: umuntu kufanele akwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga. Kuyacaca ukuthi umuntu osemncane ngeke akwenze lokhu ngokuphumelelayo ngaso sonke isikhathi, hhayi ngendlela engcono kakhulu futhi hhayi ngendlela efanele ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa ngokufanelekile unikeza umuntu umsebenzi, uyawucindezela futhi awuxazulule. Leli yikhono abaqashi abalifunayo ngokuyinhloko.
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Abantu abafuna umsebenzi kweminye imikhakha banenzuzo ethile ngokombono webhizinisi ngoba vele sebehambe indlela ethile futhi bayakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha. Lawa ngamakhono athambile, ngingaze ngiwabize ngesiko lomsebenzi. Ngokuvamile, abathweswe iziqu enyuvesi abakathuthukisi lesi siko lomsebenzi.
Kodwa ngisangathanda ukuzama ukunikeza uhlobo oluthile lweresiphi kwabaqalayo.
Izinyathelo zokuqala zonjiniyela wezimfundamakhwela
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Okokuqala ukuthi lokhu kusewuhlobo oluthile lwephrojekthi yakho, ngoba udinga ukubhala okuthile ku-resume yakho futhi ubonise iphothifoliyo encane. Kupholile uma la maphrojekthi engenzelwanga wena, kodwa njengephrojekthi yokuzimela - yomuntu othile.
Ngemuva kwamaphrojekthi okuqala, usungavele wenze i-resume futhi uyithumele kuzo zonke izinkampani lapho kunezikhundla zikaJuni. Izingxoxo zizonikeza ukuqonda ngalokho okudingwa yizinkampani. Ngokushesha noma kamuva othile uzokuqasha, okungenani enkampanini encane. Kamuva, lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzi kuzokunika ithuba lokungena enkampanini enkulu futhi ethakazelisayo.
UValentin Dombrovsky: Ngendlela, ezifundweni zethu silungiselela abafundi ukuthi babe nephrojekthi yabo emasontweni ayi-10 okuqeqeshwa. Futhi siqeqesha amakhono okuthuthukisa iqembu. Lawa ngamakhono athambile uZlata akhulume ngawo.
U-Alexey Shtyrnyaev: Ngingakutshela ngokuhlangenwe nakho ukuthi kungathatha isikhathi eside kakhulu ukufuna umsebenzi wakho wokuqala. Uma ufuna inyanga eyodwa noma ezimbili, lokho kujwayelekile. Uma uhambisa i-resume yakho kuzo zonke izinkampani, hamba ezingxoxweni, ngenyanga yesithathu nakanjani uzothola okuthile.
UValentin Dombrovsky: Ungakwazi ukusika amaphrojekthi akho noma uthathe amaphrojekthi alula ozimele futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uthumele i-resume yakho.
Yimaphi amathemba umthuthukisi wePython anawo?
Zlata Obukhovskaya: Umthuthukisi wePython angaya noma yikuphi. Ungangena ekuhlolweni futhi uqhubeke uthuthukela kumdwebi wamapulani ophezulu. Noma nakubaphathi. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabaphathi bezobuchwepheshe, futhi ungakhula ube ngabaphathi abaphezulu. Ungathuthukisa kusayensi yedatha, i-DevOps, ungene ekuhloleni okuzenzakalelayo noma ukufunda ngomshini.
UValentin Dombrovsky: Ngokuvamile, kunezinketho eziningi namathuba, kuhlanganise nezifundo zethu. Awudingi ulwazi oluningi emnyango, kodwa kuyatuseka ukuthi uhlanganise ububanzi obubanzi, ngoba uma ukwazi okwengeziwe, kungcono kuwe.
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Lokhu kuyingxenye nje yokukhishwa . Inguqulo ephelele yesiqephu iyatholakala .
Noma bheka:
Siyabonga ngokufunda, ukulalela noma ukubukela.
Source: www.habr.com
