U-Vasya Pupkin ubhala okwamanje: uveza ukusakazwa kwemicabango yakhe encwadini yokubhalela. Kodwa uVasya wabe esenenkinga: ikhasi laphela. Futhi ngakwesokudla sokusabalala, okuyinto engathandeki kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma u-Vasya, ukuze abhale ingxenye elandelayo yomcabango wakhe, kudingeka abe nesinyathelo sangaphambilini phambi kwamehlo akhe, khona-ke uVasya kuzodingeka ahambise ucezu lwephepha emuva naphambili.

Isimo esivamile? O, lokhu kudluliselwa kophawu olulinganayo phakathi kokusabalalisa... Kumayelana nale nkinga nokuthi ungenza kanjani isiqiniseko sokuthi incwadi yokubhalela ecashile ayiphinde iphazamise ukugeleza kwakho kwemicabango futhi, okuyilokho engifuna ukukhuluma ngakho.

I-terminology

Leaf - Iphepha elijwayelekile elibonakalayo.
Ikhasi - ishidi linezinhlangothi ezimbili, ngayinye yazo izobizwa ngokuthi ikhasi.
ukuhlehla - Iqukethe amakhasi amabili alele phambi kwamehlo akho, ngalinye elingeleshidi lalo (ngakho-ke, singasho futhi ukuthi ukusabalala kuqukethe amashidi amabili).
Vula ikhasi kwesokudla - thatha ishidi elingakwesokudla lokusabalalisa futhi uliguqule, ngaleyo ndlela ulenze ishidi lesobunxele lokusabalalisa okulandelayo.
Phenya ikhasi kwesokunxele - into efanayo, ishidi elingakwesokunxele kuphela elizungezisiwe.

Wonke amagama alandelayo anencazelo yamagama afakiwe aphinde adwetshelwe. Futhi ukwethulwa kwamagama amasha endleleni kugqanyiswa ngokugqamile.

Imibandela

Ake siveze imibono esisebenza kuyo: uVasya Pupkin ungumfundi onengqondo kakhulu, ngakho ubhala ebhukwini lokubhalela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho uVasya ebhala, uyaphuma amashidi ebhukwini lokubhalela ngoba izindandatho ziphazamisa ukubhala. Futhi, njengoba uVasya engumuntu onengqondo, ngakho konke amakhasi izinombolo (uma kwenzeka ziwa futhi zidilika).

Ibhalwa kanjani

Ngokuvamile abantu babhala ukusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla. Futhi ngaphakathi ukuhlehla Uhlangothi lwesobunxele lugcwaliswa kuqala ukuhlehla, bese kuba olungile. Nini Jika iphetha, bese umuntu eqhubekela kokulandelayo ukuhlehla (iphendulela ikhasi kwesokudla). Ngokohlelo, lokhu kungaboniswa kanje:

Lapha umcibisholo obomvu usho inguquko esuka kwesokunxele amakhasi ukuhlehla kwesokudla, kanye nomcibisholo oluhlaza vula ikhasi kwesokudla.

Imicabango evamile

Nakhu ukucabangela okuvamile mayelana nenkinga edaliwe, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqonda ukuthi isixazululo esihlongoziwe ekugcineni silungile ngokunengqondo. Uma uthanda, ungahamba ngokushesha ufunde isigaba esilandelayo esichaza isisombululo esifanele.

Ngokusobala, ukubhala kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela yokuthi ngamunye olandelayo ikhasi etholakala ishidi ehlukile kunangaphambili, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nokuzamazama okufanayo amaqabunga kusukela ngapha nangapha. Futhi uma njalo olandelayo ikhasi izotholakala ku ishidi ehlukile kwedlule, khona-ke ngesikhathi esifanele singamane sibeke lesi sangaphambili phambi kwethu iqabunga futhi ungaphazamisi umcabango wethu. Le mfuneko sizoyibiza ngokuthi ibekwe esixazululweni eziphambili.

Inguqulo ye-1.0

Esinye sezixazululo zokuqala esifika engqondweni: masibhale emakhasini afanele kuphela ukuhlehla. Ngakho, asinawo ngisho nomqondo onjalo Jika. Sinesitaki amashidi, lapho sibhala khona ohlangothini olulodwa lwawo wonke umuntu amashidi.

Ububi: ukumosha izinsiza. Singabhala okuphindwe kabili ngenani elifanayo lephepha

Inguqulo ye-1.1

Masithuthukise isisombululo 1.0. Sizoqhubeka nokubhala ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela amaqabunga. Kodwa lapho kudingeka sibhale okunye, sisebenzisa okufanayo amashidi, kuphela manje sesibhala kuphela ngakolunye uhlangothi (izinkulumo kumatan zingakwesokunxele ukuhlehla, izinkulumo ze-algebra kwesokudla)

Cons: akukho ukuqina, i.e. kokukodwa ishidi izinto ezingenakho ukuxhumana okunengqondo nomunye zibekwe. Lokhu kugcwele iqiniso lokuthi uma udinga ukwabelana ngezifundo zezibalo nofunda naye ekilasini, bese umnika ngokuzenzakalelayo i-algebra (futhi uma kukhona ukuhlolwa kwe-algebra kusasa futhi udinga la manothi manje! Uhh). Nokho, ngenani elingalingani lezinto ezibonakalayo ku-algebra nezibalo, siphinde sibe nesimo sokumosha izinsiza.

Inguqulo ye-2.0

Imodeli enenqwaba yamaphepha ibonise uhlangothi lwayo olubi. Ake sibuyele kumodeli nge Ukuphenduka: kuthiwani uma ushintshanisa izikhombisi-ndlela zokubhala ngaphakathi ukuhlehla? Labo. okokuqala U-turn kusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla, kwesibili ukusuka kwesokudla kuya kwesokunxele, okwesithathu futhi ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla... Ikakhulukazi ikhambi liyanelisa isimo.

Cons: ephukile umugqa (“ngale ndlela, bese kuthi-ke”). Akulula neze. Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi sabhala ngakuphi esikhathini esidlule U-turn. Ekugcineni, sizokwenza iphutha ngolunye usuku (futhi lokhu kuzokwenzeka ngokomthetho wobubi ngaleso sikhathi lapho sidinga ukuhambisa uphawu olulinganayo phakathi Ukuphenduka).

Inguqulo ye-2.1

Kungani senza kube nzima ukukhumbula indlela esabhala ngayo? Masihlale ngaphakathi kwemingcele ukuhlehla Ingabe kufanele ngigcwalise uhlangothi lwesokudla kuqala bese emva kwalokho ngigcwalise kwesokunxele? Futhi futhi, okuyisisekelo imfuneko ayiphuli.

Hmmm. Futhi lesi sixazululo siyasebenza ngempela! Inceku yakho ethobekile yabhala ngale ndlela kanye unyaka nengxenye.

Okubi empeleni akubonakali kangako futhi kwacaca kuphela ngesikhathi kusetshenziswa le nqubo: lapho uthumela izithombe eziskeniwe/ezithathwe izithombe komunye umuntu. amashidi ngokurekhodwa, kufanele njalo uchazele abantu ukuthi isihogo siqhubeka ngani amakhasi. Ngenhlanhla sibala amakhasi (bheka imibandela) futhi lokhu kwenza isimo sibe lula, kodwa abantu abangajwayele bayadideka. Ngokuvamile, angizange ngicabangele lokhu kususa njengokususa, njengoba indlela ixazulule inkinga ebangelwe futhi akunandaba ukuthi abantu bangaphandle bebengakhululekile.

Kuyacaca ukuthi ungaqhubeka nokuhlunga izinguqulo zokubhala. Ekhuluma ngaphakathi ukuhlehla, khona-ke, kucatshangelwa imfuneko umugqa, sinezinsimbi ezimbili kuphela esingafaka kuzo ingcindezi: isiqondiso sokubhala ngaphakathi ukuhlehla, kanye nendlela yokupheja amakhasi. Labo. 4 kuphela ukuhluka... Linda, ukuskrola isiqondiso?

Isixazululo (inguqulo 2.2)

Bese sifika esinqumweni esilungile, ebengilokhu ngisenza unyaka manje futhi nganeliseke ngokuphelele.

Lapha kusho imicibisholo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka evula ikhasi Ngakwesokunxele. Labo. ukusabalala kugcwalisa njengenjwayelo kusukela kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla, futhi inyakaza amakhasi iya kolunye uhlangothi kunejwayelekile.

Uma kwenzeka isimo, udinga ukuba nesedlule phambi kwamehlo akho. ikhasi, bese kuba ngaphakathi ukuhlehla yonke into icacile, kodwa uma lesi sidingo esingesihle sidlula phakathi kwethu Ukuphenduka, lokhu kusho ukuthi manje sesishintshele kokusha Jika futhi sizobhala ohlangothini lwesobunxele ukuhlehla, kanye neyangaphambili ikhasi etholakala ngezansi ngqo ishidi, okwamanje okuwuhlangothi olungakwesokudla ukuhlehla, futhi udinga nje ukuyibeka eceleni ukuze uthole ukufinyelela olwazini oluyigugu.

Ngonyaka wokuhlolwa kwe-beta yale nqubo, akukho bubi obubalulekile obutholakele; uma kuqhathaniswa nenguqulo 2.1, ngokuvamile kuhle: ungakwazi ukuskena okufakiwe bese ukufunde futhi ungasoli nokusola ukuthi ikhasi liphendulwe ngakolunye uhlangothi. Kuphinde kwaphawulwa ukuthi le nqubo ibonwa kalula ubuchopho bomuntu kanye nobuchopho babanye lapho ubachazela okokuqala.

isiphetho

- Manje kuthiwani? Ingabe kufanele ngishintshe umkhuba wami wokubhala?
- Uma uzibheka njengomuntu onengqondo, yebo! Azikho izinto ezimbi uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela evamile (mhlawumbe kuphela ezimweni ezithile), kodwa kunenzuzo.

Source: www.habr.com