Sawubona ozakwethu!
Izinto zami zangaphambilini zagxekwa ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezimbili: ukugunyazwa okungalungile kwengcaphuno kanye nephutha elihlobene nokukhethwa kwesithombe. Ngakho-ke, nginqume, okokuqala, ukuba nengxoxo efundisayo nomthwebuli wezithombe. Futhi okwesibili, ukuhlola ngokucophelela izitatimende ezisetshenzisiwe futhi, okubalulekile, uma kunesidingo, ziguqule kancane, ukuze ngingabekwa icala lokungazi isiNgisi.
Kungakho ingxenye yesibili eyayihlelelwe ekuqaleni yesihloko esithi “Yini engingayenza” (eyabhalwa u-Alan Silson, eyadlalwa iqembu i-Smokie) kudingeke ukuthi yenziwe kabusha yaba “Yini okufanele ngiyenze”, ngoba “ngingakwazi” nokuthi “kufanele” izenzo ezihluke ngokuphelele, kanti eyesibili inembe kakhulu kumongo wesihloko se-athikili kunesokuqala. Kukho konke okunye, okuhlanganisa ukuba wusizo kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukunemba kwamaqiniso ethulwa kanye ne-algorithms yesenzo, ngithwala isibopho esigcwele kubafundi.
Ngiyayidinga?
Impendulo esobala yalo mbuzo: “Yebo, ngoba iSingapore iyisihluthulelo somnotho wesifunda sonke saseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia,” ngeke ilunge ngokuphelele. Iqiniso liwukuthi lo mbuso uhlinzeka ngezimo ezivumayo kakhulu zokwenza ibhizinisi, kodwa izindleko zomkhawulo wokungena ngeke zamukeleke kuzo zonke izinketho (futhi kukhona ezimbalwa zazo). Kodwa-ke, uma uzimisele futhi ulungele ukwenza ukuvumelana okuthile, ukuthola inketho yesabelomali kungenzeka.
Ake ngichaze ngesibonelo. Eqinisweni, izindleko zokubhalisa nokugcina inkampani eSingapore ziphansi ngandlela thize kunakwamanye amazwe amaningi athuthukile. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza ngaphandle kokudala Into (okungukuthi ukuba khona ngempela) ngeke kudinge ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu. Enye into ukuthi amathemba esikhathi eside wesakhiwo esinjalo sebhizinisi ngeke abe yinhle kakhulu. Kodwa ihhovisi eligcwele kanye nabasebenzi abasebenza isonto lonke kubiza ngempela.
Ngamanye amazwi, kuzomele ukhethe phakathi kwenketho yesabelomali esinezihibe ezithile kanye Nomuthi ogcwele ngokuphelele nabanye. Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, umbono oyiphutha okhona ku-inthanethi wokuthi ukwenza ibhizinisi eSingapore kubiza kakhulu kungasetshenziswa ngempumelelo eholidini elifanele nelihloniphekile.
Futhi manje - ukucatshangelwa okunye okuhlobene ngokuqondile nempendulo efakwe kusihlokwana. Ubhala amakhodi amahle kakhulu futhi alungiselelwe. Qonda kahle ukwakheka kwezilimi zesimanje zokuhlela (C++, Java Script, Python, Ruby, PhP - dwebela ngokufanelekile). Wakha ama-algorithms ahlukile ekhanda lakho. Njalo thola izixazululo ezingajwayelekile ezisebenzisa i-OS efihliwe nezinsiza zokucubungula? Kuhle, ngiyajabula ngawe. Wonke lamathalente - abalulekile, abalulekile, awusizo - ngeke akuqinisekise impumelelo yakho.
Ake ngithuthukise lo mbono: impumelelo emakethe yaseSingapore ngokwayo ayibalulekile kakhulu noma ayidingekile kuwe. Khohlwa ngakho, kunezinto eziningi ezibaluleke kakhulu. Isitatimende esihlubukayo esingaholela endukuni nasekudingisweni eSiberia? Lutho neze. Imakethe yaseSingapore ngokwayo, ngaphezu kokuncintisana kakhulu, incane kakhulu. Lesi sikhundla asiziswa kakhulu ngamathuba akhona ebhizinisi (yize lokhu, yebo, kungafanele kwehliswe), kodwa ngenxa yesithunzi sawo emhlabeni webhizinisi. Ngamanye amazwi, ngokuvula isakhiwo sebhizinisi e-Singapore, uya-oda futhi ukhokhele umkhankaso onamandla wokukhangisa wemikhiqizo yakho emakethe yomhlaba. Lo mbono, yiqiniso, awunangqondo kakhulu, kodwa udlulisela ingqikithi yombono ngokuphelele.
Isigaba No. 1. Kuthiwani ngokukhuluma?
Umqondo womuntu ozelwe kunoma yiliphi izwe le-USSR yangaphambili ukuthi ekuqaleni ubambezela noma yiziphi izinyathelo ezibalulekile kuze kube sekugcineni, bese kuthi lapho zonke izinsuku zokugcina sezidlulile, uqala ukwenza. Isigaba sokuhlaziya isimo ngokuvamile asifakiwe kulolu chungechunge, yingakho ku-99% yamacala indlela yokuphila yesakhiwo sebhizinisi iphenduka ibe mfushane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngiphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayeze ngenkambo enconyiwe, efakazele ukusebenza kwayo. Kodwa-ke, uma ujwayele ukuhamba ngendlela yakho futhi unyathele erekeni elilodwa ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngeke ngiphikise. Phela, wonke umuntu uyazikhethela ... (Yuri Levitansky).
Ukukhetha umlamuli
Ake ngiqaphele ukuthi ngiqale ngokuthi lokhu kusho ukukhetha ngokukhethekile uchwepheshe ozomela izintshisekelo zakho futhi abhekane nazo zonke izinkinga zenhlangano, njengoba ungeke ukwazi ukuqeda izigaba ezithile uwedwa. Lokhu, okungenani, kuthinta ukugunyazwa kwegama nokufakwa kwamaphepha kwa-ACRA (Corporate Regulatory and Accountability Authority). Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga umhlali wase-Singapore onemininingwane efanele.
Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza ngaphandle kwayo ngisho noma inkampani yakho inabameli bamazwe ngamazwe abanolwazi nabaqeqeshiwe kubasebenzi bayo, futhi okungenani oyedwa wabo kufanele abe isakhamuzi saseSingapore. Ummeli ozimele uzokubiza imali ethile. Ngakho-ke, ngenkonzo ehlanganisa konke, inkampani yami ikhokhisa imali engaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisi-8 zama-USD. Kodwa ngokubuyisela, iklayenti lithola ithuba lokudlulisela konke ukuhlupheka kuchwepheshe futhi lingacabangi ngezingozi ezihlobene nokwenqaba ukubhaliswa, kanye nokusekelwa kochwepheshe kanye nezinsizakalo eziningi ezengeziwe. Kubonakala kimina ukuthi le ndlela ivumela izindleko ezingabalulekile (ngamazinga afanele).
Ukubhukha igama
Imfuneko eyinhloko ukuvela kwegama. Zama ukuziqhelelanisa ngangokunokwenzeka nezinhlanganisela ezaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu, ngoba kulesi simo, ngezinga eliphezulu lokungenzeka, uzochotshozwa amacala avela kubanikazi be-copyright. Ake sithathe isibonelo ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux OS ngegama elihle elithi LindowsOS. Njengoba ungase uqagele, iphrojekthi ibigxile (kwangathi ingaphumula ngokuthula kwedijithali emhlabeni weFreeSpire) ukuze ihambisane kangcono neWindows.
Ngo-2002, lokhu esikhuluma ngakho manje kwenzeka. Inkampani ithole icala elivela kumdondoshiya waseRedmond mayelana nokuvumelana kwezimpawu zokuthengisa, kodwa eminyakeni emibili kamuva, abaphathi beMicrosoft bakhetha ukuxazulula lolu daba ngokuthula futhi banikeza amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-20 njengesinxephezelo...
Qaphela ukuthi ngokwethembeka, kunengqondo ukulungiselela izinketho zamagama ezimbalwa zombhalisi (uma kwenzeka umuntu ematasa noma enqatshiwe). Kodwa kungcono ukungasebenzisi izinsiza ezihlola okwangempela, ngoba abadali bazo ngeke bakunike isiqinisekiso.
Isakhiwo senkampani
Okokuqala nje, kufanelekile ukunquma ngefomu lenhlangano nelomthetho. Lokhu kungase kube i-Company Limited noma i-limited Liability Partnership - inkampani noma, ngokulandelanayo, ubambiswano, kodwa zombili izinketho zihilela isikweletu esilinganiselwe. Qaphela ukuthi ifomu leNkampani linezinhlobo ezimbalwa: Ezizimele, Zomphakathi, Ezikhawulelwe ngamasheya, Zikhawulelwe ngesiqinisekiso, njll.
Kunzima ukusho ukuthi iyiphi inketho ekulungele ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa okwengeziwe okujulile kwakho konke okokufaka. Kudingeka ukucabangela isimo samanje sentela, izidingo zemithombo yangaphandle yokuxhasa ngemali, inombolo kanye nohlobo lwamasheya akhishiwe kanye nezinye izici eziningi, ezinye zazo ezingekho nhlobo phezulu.
Izikhulu
Ukuba umholi wenkampani yakho kulinga kakhulu, kodwa le nketho ayihlali ilungile. Iqiniso liwukuthi omunye wabaqondisi kumele abe yisakhamuzi saseSingapore. Ukucaciswa okubalulekile: eyodwa, kodwa hhayi eyodwa kuphela. Izinyathelo zakho ezilandelayo zizoncika ekutheni usukulungele yini ukuthuthela eSingapore.
Uma kunjalo, zizwe ukhululekile ukuthatha i-helm. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi kuzodingeka unakekele ukuthola i-visa kusengaphambili futhi wamukele lolo lwazi mayelana nomuntu wakho othobekile njengomzuzi luzodluliselwa ku-Federal Tax Service. Futhi lesi sici asithandeki ezimweni eziningi.
Uma ungakalungeli ukuhambisa, noma ungafuni "ukukhanya" ku-Russian Federal Tax Service, uzodinga izinsizakalo zomqondisi oqokiwe. Ngenhlanhla, umthetho waseSingapore uhlinzekela uhlelo olunjalo. Uzodinga nonobhala (empeleni umphathi webhizinisi). Kumelwe abe a) umuntu oyedwa kuphela futhi b) abe isakhamuzi saseSingapore. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ngaphambi kokuqala kwenqubo yokubhalisa, unobhala kuyodingeka ukuthi asayine i-Model Form 45B (Companies Act, Isigaba 50, Isigaba 173) kanye nedokhumenti yemvume yokuthatha lesi sikhundla, njengoba kudingwa uMthetho Wezinkampani.
Ikheli lezomthetho
Ekuqaleni, ngihlele ukukukholisa ukuthi impumelelo yangempela kanye nethuba lokuxhumana "ngesikhathi esifushane namandla akhona" kuyilungelo le-Substance egcwele. Ngehhovisi elidala, umshini omuhle wekhofi kanye nonobhala wesifazane osemusha omuhle. Futhi izinketho ezihlukahlukene zokuyekethisa, eziningi zazo, ngendlela, ezingasebenzi nhlobo ezintweni zanamuhla (amabhokisi e-PO, amakheli aqanjiwe, njll.) ayindlela eya ndawo.
Kodwa-ke ngabona ukuthi izici "zokuphila okuhle" (uxolo, ibhizinisi eliqinile) aziyona impumelelo. Uma umkhiqizo noma isevisi yakho isuka, uma amakhasimende eyithanda futhi efuna ukuyithenga, uma ezama ukuyikopisha, leyo yimpumelelo. Uhlelo ngokwalo lungabhalwa iqembu labahleli abazimele. Ekugcineni, ukuntuleka kwehhovisi eligcwele eligcwele zonke izici ezidingekayo akuzange kuvimbele uSteve Jobs, uSteve Wozniak noRonald Wayne ekusunguleni i-Apple.
Bangane, ngiyanicela, ningaphambanisi izimfanelo namagugu eqiniso. Esokuqala esingenayesibili asilethi nzuzo futhi sinomthelela omubi kakhulu esabelweni sezimali esikhona. Ngikholwe, kungenzeka ukudlula amaqhawe alo mhlaba, esikhulume ngawo ekuqaleni kwesigaba, ngezindleko ezincane. Kungenzeka ngempela! Nokho, abafundi abaningi ngeke bavumelane nami.
Umthethosisekelo
Lo mbhalo awuhlangene nomthetho oyisisekelo wezwe (eSingapore wamukelwa emuva ngo-1965, izengezo zakamuva zango-1996). Kulo mkhakha, kusho indikimba yemithetho ehlanganisa izindatshana zenkampani ezikhona ngaphambili nezizimele zokuhlangana kanye nememorandamu. Izinguquko ezihambisanayo zethulwe izichibiyelo zomhlaba wonke kuMthetho Wezinkampani.
Idokhumenti kufanele ibonise (amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu):
- Ikhephithali egunyaziwe
- Ikheli elibhalisiwe
- Igama eliphelele lomqondisi
- Ifomu elisemthethweni
I-charter ejwayelekile ingatholakala ku-inthanethi, kodwa akekho ozokunikeza isiqinisekiso sokuthi ihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zesimanje. Ngakho-ke, ngincoma ukuthi uvakashele iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomlawuli () bese ulanda inguqulo yamanje kuyo.
Ukukhetha kwebhange
Kuzodingeka ukhethe isikhungo sezezimali ukuze uzisize, ngoba kulokhu kuzovame ukucatshangelwa izimo okunzima ukuzichaza ngamagama. Ngizokutshela mayelana nezinzuzo nezinkinga zokusebenza namabhange omabili aseSingapore nakwamanye amazwe, ngemva kwalokho ngizozama ukukhetha inketho engcono kakhulu.
Isigaba sokulungiselela nokuhlela
Ngokuvamile abasebenzi bami baphinde baxoxe ngayo yonke imininingwane neklayenti futhi ngemva kwalokho kuqala ukulungiswa kwangempela. Inqubo ngokwayo izobandakanya:
- Ukubhaliswa kwenkampani.
- Ukufaka idatha kurejista (I-Inland Revenue Authority yaseSingapore). Ake ngicacise ukuthi i-akhawunti yakho yomuntu siqu izokwakhiwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.
- Ukuvula i-akhawunti yasebhange yebhizinisi.
- Ukuthola amalayisense adingekayo kanye nezimvume. Ngokwesibonelo, zingadingeka ukuze kuqalwe uhlelo lokukhokha, kukhishwe imali ye-elekthronikhi, ukuhweba (ukungenisa nokuthekelisa) kanye neminye imisebenzi.
- Ukulungiswa kokugcina kwawo wonke amadokhumenti.
Isigaba No. 2. Ukubhalisa
Uma ochwepheshe bami bephethe ibhizinisi lakho (ngemuva kwakho konke, ubungeke ubeke izingozi futhi uzame ukuvula inkampani ngokwakho?), Akufanele kube nezinkinga. Iphakethe lamadokhumenti lizothunyelwa kwa-ACRA (ngesiteshi esivamile se-BizFile). Inqubo yokugunyaza ayithathi izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-3, nakuba ezimweni eziningi yonke into yenzeka ku-inthanethi cishe ngokushesha.
Kodwa ngifuna ukucacisa ukuthi kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuzihalalisela ngempumelelo yakho kanye ne-champagne ye-uncork (noma noma yini oyithandayo ukuyiphuza ngamaholide amakhulu?). Sonke sasebenza kanzima, kodwa umphumela ozuziwe uyingxenye nje yendaba, nakuba unzima kakhulu.
Isigaba sesi-3. Imicimbi eyengeziwe
Umsebenzi oyinhloko okufanele uqedwe ukuvula i-akhawunti yasebhange endaweni ekhethiwe. E-Singapore, inqubo izodinga ukuba khona kwakho siqu; kwamanye amazwe (isibonelo, eSwitzerland) lokhu kungagwenywa. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi ukukhetha ibhange kuyisinyathelo esinomthwalo wemfanelo ngokwedlulele esingakubekezeleli ukungqubuzana.
Yini enye okusamele yenziwe uma uhlose ukuthola into yangempela kanye nokuba khona kwangempela endaweni (bona inothi elibalulekile ngezansi):
- Bhalisela i-GST (i-analogue ye-VAT yasekhaya, osomabhizinisi bethu “abayithanda” kakhulu).
- Ukuhambisa isicelo sama-visa omsebenzi kubasebenzi (okuhlanganisa neyakho, uma unquma ukucasha ekuqaleni ngesevisi yamagama).
- Thola uxhaso olwengeziwe (izibonelelo zikahulumeni nezibonelelo, kuhlanganisa nalezo eziyisipesheli sengxenye ye-IT).
- Ukutholwa kwangempela kwamalayisensi engeziwe esixoxile ngakho esinyathelweni sangaphambilini.
- Ukukhetha abasebenzi. Ake ngicacise ngokukhethekile ukuthi amabhizinisi endawo azixwaye kakhulu izakhiwo zezohwebo amahhovisi azo asebenzisa isiNgisi ngefomethi ethi “London from the Capital of Great Britain”. Bozakwethu, ngincoma kakhulu ukuthi uqale ukuqeqesha abasebenzi bakho, ngaphandle kwalokho uzobe ulinde amaklayenti amasha kuze kube sekubuyeni kwesibili.
- Ukusetha ihhovisi ledijithali. Uzodinga isiteshi sokuxhumana esizinzile nesishesha kakhulu, igumbi lokuhlangana nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe. Ngiyakukhumbuza futhi ukuthi kuhle kakhulu ukuthola umshini wekhofi, izinto zasehhovisi kanye nomabhalane omuhle. Ngeshwa, angikwazi ukukusiza ngephuzu lokugcina.
Ukuqapha Imisebenzi echaziwe iyadingeka kuphela uma uhlela ukusebenza isikhathi esigcwele eSingapore. Uma kusetshenziswa izinketho zokuyekethisa (ukukhishwa kwemisebenzi, izinsizakalo ezizimele, njll.), ungenza ngaphandle kwazo!
Esikhundleni se-epilogue
Ngazama ukumboza ngangokunokwenzeka zonke izigaba zokubhalisa isakhiwo sebhizinisi elisha eSingapore, kodwa hhayi ukuthwala umbhalo ngohlu olungapheli, amanani ezinsizakalo, izinketho zokugwema ubunzima nolunye ulwazi olungaba usizo uma uvula inkampani. usele wedwa.
Ungase ungavumelani nami, kodwa ngisazozivumela isitatimende esihlukanisayo: ngaphandle kokusekelwa kochwepheshe, uzomosha isikhathi nemali yakho kuphela. Futhi-ke, lapho kungekho oyedwa noma omunye osele, uzothi u-Alexandra kanye nengosi yakhe bayinqwaba yabafundi abafuna ukuthengisa insizakalo. Cha futhi cha futhi. Silwela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhizinisi asekhaya athola indawo yokuhlala unomphela eSingapore, futhi lo msebenzi udinga iziqu nesipiliyoni esikhulu.
Yebo, ubhala ikhodi enhle, ufuna ukukhuthaza izinsizakalo ze-IT zangempela nezifunwayo, noma ulungele ukukhombisa umhlaba izimangaliso ezintsha zedijithali (mhlawumbe yilokhu uSteve Jobs akucabangayo lapho enikeza iMac kumphakathi wabasebenzisi ngo-1998, eyaba uphawu lokuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-Apple). Kodwa inkampani kufanele ibhaliswe ngochwepheshe abakulungele ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi.
Source: www.habr.com