Ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe mibili yokuthuthuka, i-Debian GNU/Linux 12.0 (Bookworm) isiyatholakala ngezakhiwo eziyisishiyagalolunye ezisekelwa ngokusemthethweni: Intel IA-32/x86 (i686), AMD64/x86-64, ARM EABI (armel), ARM64, ARMv7 ( armhf ), mipsel, mips64el, PowerPC 64 (ppc64el), kanye ne-IBM System z (s390x). Izibuyekezo ze-Debian 12 zizokhishwa iminyaka emi-5.
Izithombe zokufaka ziyatholakala ukuze zilandwe, ezingalandwa nge-HTTP, i-jigdo noma i-BitTorrent. Ngezakhiwo ze-amd64 ne-i386, i-LiveUSB yakhiwe, itholakala ezinhlobonhlobo ze-GNOME, KDE, LXDE, Xfce, Cinnamon kanye ne-MATE, kanye ne-DVD yezakhiwo eziningi ehlanganisa amaphakheji epulatifomu ye-amd64 namaphakheji engeziwe okwakhiwa kwe-i386. Sicela ufunde idokhumenti elandelayo ngaphambi kokufuduka usuka ku-Debian 11 Bullseye.
Indawo yokugcina iqukethe amaphakheji kanambambili angu-64419, okungamaphakheji angu-4868 angaphezu kwalawo anikezwa ku-Debian 11. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Debian 11, amaphakheji kanambambili angu-11089 angeziwe, amaphakheji kanambambili angu-6296 (10%) asusiwe, futhi angu-43254 (67) %) amaphakheji abuyekeziwe. Isamba sikasayizi wayo yonke imibhalo yomthombo enikezwayo ekusabalaliseni imigqa yekhodi engu-1. Isamba sikasayizi wawo wonke amaphakheji ngu-341 GB. Ku-564% (204% egatsheni langaphambilini), ukusekelwa kokwakhiwa okuphindaphindayo kunikezwa, okukuvumela ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi ifayela elisebenzisekayo lakhiwe ngokuqondile emithonjeni eshiwo futhi aliqukethe izinguquko ezingaphandle, okushintshwayo, ngokwesibonelo, kungenziwa ngokuhlasela ingqalasizinda yokwakha noma amabhukhimakhi kumdidiyeli.
Izinguquko ezibalulekile ku-Debian 12.0:
- Ngokungeziwe ku-firmware yamahhala evela endaweni yokugcina enkulu, izithombe zokufaka ezisemthethweni zibandakanya i-firmware yobunikazi ngaphambilini eyayitholakala ngenqolobane engekho mahhala. Uma une-hardware edinga i-firmware yangaphandle, i-firmware yobunikazi edingekayo ilayishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kubasebenzisi abakhetha isofthiwe yamahhala kuphela, esigabeni sokulanda, inketho inikezwa ukukhubaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-firmware engakhululekile.
- Ikhosombe entsha ye-firmware engeyona yamahhala yengeziwe, lapho amaphakheji ane-firmware adluliselwe khona esuka endaweni engekho mahhala. Isifaki sinikeza ikhono lokucela ngamandla amaphakheji e-firmware endaweni yekhosombe ye-firmware engeyona yamahhala. Ukuba khona kwenqolobane ehlukile ene-firmware kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela ku-firmware ngaphandle kokufaka inqolobane evamile engekho mahhala kumidiya yokufaka.
- I-Linux kernel ibuyekezelwe enguqulweni engu-6.1 (i-Debian 11 ithumele i-5.10 kernel). Kubuyekezwe i-systemd 252, i-Apt 2.6 ne-Glibc 2.36.
- Kubuyekeziwe isitaki sezithombe nendawo yabasebenzisi: GNOME 43, KDE Plasma 5.27, LXDE 11, LXQt 1.2.0, MATE 1.2, Xfce 4.18, Mesa 22.3.6, X.Org Server 21.1, Wayland 1.21. Izindawo ze-GNOME zisebenzisa iseva yemidiya ye-Pipewire kanye nomphathi weseshini yomsindo we-WirePlumber ngokuzenzakalelayo.
- Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibuyekeziwe zabasebenzisi ezifana ne-LibreOffice 7.4, GNUcash 4.13, Emacs 28.2, GIMP 2.10.34, Inkscape 1.2.2, VLC 3.0.18, Vim 9.0.
- Izinhlelo zokusebenza zeseva ezibuyekeziwe, isb. Apache httpd 2.4.57, BIND 9.18, Dovecot 2.3.19, Exim 4.96, lighttpd 1.4.69, Postfix 3.7, MariaDB 10.11, nginx 1.22, PostgreSQL 15, Open SQL 7.0, 3.40 SQL, Redis 4.17 p9.2.
- Amathuluzi okuthuthukisa abuyekeziwe, okuhlanganisa i-GCC 12.2, LLVM/Clang 14 (15.0.6 iyatholakala ukuze ifakwe), i-OpenJDK 17, Perl 5.36, PHP 8.2, Python 3.11.2, Rust 1.63, Ruby 3.1.
- Ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kokusebenza nesistimu yefayela ye-APFS (Apple File System) kumodi yokufunda-ukubhala kusetshenziswa ama-apfsprogs namaphakheji we-apfs-dkms. Insiza ye-ntfs2btrfs ifakiwe ukuguqula izingxenye ze-NTFS zibe ama-Btrfs.
- Ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwelabhulali yokwabiwa kwenkumbulo ye-mimalloc, engasebenza njengokumiselela okusobala komsebenzi we-malloc. Isici se-mimalloc ukuqaliswa kwayo okuhlangene nokusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu (ezivivinyweni, i-mimalloc ingaphambi kwe-jemalloc, i-tcmalloc, i-snmalloc, i-rpmalloc, ne-Hoard).
- Iphakheji yamathuluzi e-ksmbd yengeziwe futhi usekelo lokusetshenziswa kweseva yefayela eyakhelwe ku-Linux kernel ngokusekelwe kuphrothokholi ye-SMB selusetshenzisiwe.
- Iqoqo lamafonti amasha lengeziwe futhi amafonti anikezwe ngaphambilini abuyekeziwe. Umphathi wefonti fnt (okufana nokufanela amafonti) kuyahlongozwa, okuxazulula inkinga yokufaka amafonti engeziwe kanye nokugcina amafonti akhona esesikhathini samanje. Usebenzisa i-fnt, ungafaka amafonti akamuva kakhulu endaweni yokugcina ye-Debian Sid, kanye namafonti angaphandle avela eqoqweni le-Google Web Fonts.
- I-bootloader ye-GRUB isebenzisa iphakheji ye-os-prober ukuthola ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakiwe futhi ikhiqize amamenyu wokuwaqalisa. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, lapho uqalisa, ukutholwa kwesivele ifakiwe Windows 11 I-OS inikeziwe.
- Ngenxa yokunqanyulwa kokuthuthukiswa, amaphakheji e-libpam-ldap kanye ne-libnss-ldap asusiwe, esikhundleni salokho kutuswa ukuthi kusetshenziswe amaphakheji afanayo e-libpam-ldapd kanye ne-libnss-ldapd ukuze kuqinisekiswe umsebenzisi nge-LDAP.
- Kukhishwe ukusetha okuzenzakalelayo kwenqubo yokungena engemuva njenge-rsyslog. Ukuze ubuke amalogi, esikhundleni sokuhlukanisa amafayela okungena, kunconywa ukuthi ubize insiza ye-"systemd journalctl". Uma kudingekile, ukuziphatha okudala kungabuyiselwa ngokufaka iphakheji yesistimu-log-daemon.
- Ihlukaniswe ku-systemd i-systemd-resolved kanye ne-systemd-boot. Iphakheji ye-systemd ihambise iklayenti lokuvumelanisa isikhathi se-systemd-timesyncd lisuka kokudingekayo laya kwencikile elinconyiwe, livumela ukufakwa okuncane ngaphandle kweklayenti le-NTP.
- Usekelo lokuqalisa ngemodi ye-UEFI Secure Boot lubuyile kumasistimu asuselwe ekwakhiweni kwe-ARM64.
- Iphakheji ekhishiwe ye-fdflush, esikhundleni salokho sebenzisa i-"blockdev --flushbufs" kusuka ku-util-linux.
- Izinhlelo ze- tempfile kanye ne- rename.ul zisusiwe, esikhundleni salokho kutuswa ukusebenzisa izinsiza ze-mktemp kanye nokuqamba kabusha ifayela emibhalweni.
- Iyiphi insiza eyehlisiwe futhi izosuswa ekukhishweni okuzayo. Njengokumiselela ku-bash scripts, kutuswa ukusebenzisa imiyalo ethi "type" noma "type -a" ukuze unqume indlela eya kumafayela asebenzisekayo.
- Amaphakheji e-libnss-gw-name, dmraid kanye nesicelo-tracker13 ahoxisiwe futhi azosuswa ku-Debian 4.
- Ukunikezwa kwamagama okusebenzelana kwenethiwekhi unomphela ("enX0") kumadivayisi wenethiwekhi ebonakalayo ye-Xen kunikezwa.
- Kungezwe usekelo lwamadivayisi amasha asuselwa kumaphrosesa we-ARM kanye ne-RISC-V.
- Amabhukwana wesistimu abuyekeziwe (indoda) ngesiRashiya nesi-Ukrainian.
- Kungezwe amaqoqo wamaphakheji anetimu ahlobene nemithi, ibhayoloji kanye nesayensi yezinkanyezi elungiselelwe iqembu le-Debian Med ne-Debian Astro. Isibonelo, iphakheji ihlanganisa iseva ecwebezelayo (inkundla yokusingatha izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu ze-R), i-openvlbi (isixhumi sezibonakude), i-astap (iphrosesa yesithombe sezinkanyezi), i-planetary-system-stacker (yakha izithombe zamaplanethi ezicucu), abashayeli abasha nemitapo yolwazi. ngosekelo lwephrothokholi ye-INDI ehambisana namaphakheji e-Astropy Python (python3-extinction, python3-sncosmo, python3-specreduce, python3-synphot), imitapo yolwazi ye-Java yokusebenza ngamafomethi e-ECSV kanye ne-TFCAT.
- Amaphakheji athuthukiswe iphrojekthi ye-UBports ngendawo yabasebenzisi be-Lomiri (yangaphambili i-Unity 8) kanye nesiphakeli sokubonisa i-Mir 2, esisebenza njengeseva eyinhlanganisela esekelwe ku-Wayland, engeziwe endaweni yokugcina.
- Esigabeni sokugcina sokulungiswa kokukhishwa, ukuguqulwa kwekhithi yokusabalalisa, obekulindeleke ekuqaleni ku-Debian 12, kusukela ekusebenziseni ukwahlukanisa okuhlukile /usr kuya kwesethulo esisha, lapho uhla lwemibhalo /bin,/sbin kanye /lib* zihlotshiswe njengezixhumanisi ezingokomfanekiso zemibhalo ehambisanayo ngaphakathi/usr, kuhlehlisiwe.
Source: opennet.ru