Ukukhishwa kwe-kernel ye-Linux 6.0

Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili zokuthuthuka, uLinus Torvalds wethule ukukhululwa kwe-Linux 6.0 kernel. Ushintsho olubalulekile lwenombolo yenguqulo kungenxa yezizathu zobuhle futhi kuyisinyathelo esisemthethweni sokukhulula ukungakhululeki kokuqongelela inani elikhulu lezinkinga ochungechungeni (u-Linus wancokola ngokuthi isizathu sokushintsha inombolo yegatsha kwakungenzeka ukuthi uphelelwa iminwe. nezinzwane ukubala izinombolo zenguqulo) . Phakathi kwezinguquko eziphawuleka kakhulu: ukusekelwa kokubhala okunebhafa kwe-asynchronous ku-XFS, i-ublk block driver, ukwenziwa kahle kwesihleli somsebenzi, indlela yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-kernel, ukusekelwa kwe-ARIA block cipher.

Ukuqamba okusha okubalulekile ku-kernel 6.0:

• I-Disk Subsystem, I/O kanye ne-File Systems
  • Isistimu yefayela ye-XFS yengeze ukusekelwa kokubhala okubhafa okuvumelanayo kusetshenziswa indlela ye-io_uring. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza okwenziwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi e-fio (uchungechunge olu-1, usayizi webhulokhi we-4kB, imizuzwana engama-600, ukubhala okulandelanayo) kubonisa ukwanda kokusebenza kokufaka/okuphumayo ngomzuzwana (IOPS) kusuka ku-77k kuya ku-209k, isivinini sokudlulisa idatha sisuka ku-314MB/s siye ku-854MB /s, kanye nokwehla kwe-latency kusuka ku-9600ns kuya ku-120ns (izikhathi ezingu-80).
  • Isistimu yefayela ye-Btrfs isebenzisa inguqulo yesibili yephrothokholi yomyalo othi "thumela", esebenzisa ukusekelwa kwemethadatha eyengeziwe, ukuthumela idatha ngamabhulokhi amakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-64K) kanye nokudlulisa amazinga ngendlela ecindezelwe. Ukusebenza kokusebenza kokufunda ngokuqondile kunyuswe kakhulu (kufika ezikhathini ezi-3) ngenxa yokufundwa ngasikhathi sinye kwemikhakha efinyelela kwezingama-256. Kwehliswe umbango wokukhiya futhi kwasheshisa ukuhlolwa kwemethadatha ngokunciphisa imethadatha egodliwe yezinto ezihlehlisiwe.
  • Imisebenzi emisha ye-ioctl EXT4_IOC_GETFSUUID kanye ne-EXT4_IC_SETFSUUID yengezwe kusistimu yefayela ye-ext4 ukuze kutholwe noma kusethwe i-UUID egcinwe ku-superblock.
  • Uhlelo lwefayela le-F2FS lunikeza imodi yokusetshenziswa kwememori ephansi, eyenza ukusebenza kahle kumadivayisi anenani elincane le-RAM futhi ikuvumela ukuthi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwememori ngezindleko zokusebenza okuncishisiwe.
  • Ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kokuqinisekiswa kwedrayivu ye-NVMe.
  • Iseva ye-NFSv4 isebenzisa umkhawulo enanini lamaklayenti asebenzayo, asethwa njengamaklayenti avumelekile angu-1024 kugigabhayithi ngayinye ye-RAM ohlelweni.
  • Ukuqaliswa kweklayenti le-CIFS kuthuthukise ukusebenza kumodi yokudlulisa iziteshi eziningi.
  • Ifulegi elisha elingu-FAN_MARK_IGNORE lengeziwe kusistimu engaphansi yokulandelela umcimbi ku-fanontify FS ukuze izibe imicimbi ethile.
  • Ku-Overlayfs FS, uma ifakwe phezu kwe-FS enomdwebo we-ID yomsebenzisi, usekelo olufanele lohlu lokulawula ukufinyelela oluthobela i-POSIX luyanikezwa.
  • Kwengezwe umshayeli webhulokhi ye-ublk, ehambisa ingqondo ethile ohlangothini lwenqubo yangemuva esikhaleni somsebenzisi futhi isebenzisa i-io_uring subsystem.
• Imemori kanye nezinsizakalo zesistimu
  • Izici ezintsha zengezwe ohlelweni olungaphansi lwe-DAMON (Data Access MONitor), olungavumeli kuphela ukuqapha ukufinyelela kwenqubo ku-RAM kusuka endaweni yomsebenzisi, kodwa futhi kuthonye ukuphathwa kwememori. Ikakhulukazi, kuhlongozwe imojuli entsha ethi “LRU_SORT”, ehlinzeka ngokuhlanganisa kabusha uhlu lwe-LRU (Okungasetshenziswa Kancane Kamuva) ukuze kwandiswe ukubaluleka kwamakhasi athile enkumbulo.
  • Amandla okudala izifunda zenkumbulo entsha aqaliswe kusetshenziswa amandla ebhasi le-CXL (Compute Express Link), elisetshenziselwa ukuhlela ukusebenzisana kwesivinini esikhulu phakathi kwe-CPU namadivayisi enkumbulo. I-CXL ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume izifunda zenkumbulo ezintsha ezinikezwe amadivaysi enkumbulo yangaphandle futhi uwasebenzise njengezinsiza zesikhala sekheli lendawo ukuze unwebe imemori yokufinyelela engahleliwe yesistimu (DDR) noma inkumbulo engapheli (PMEM).
  • Izinkinga zokusebenza ezixazululiwe ngamaphrosesa e-AMD Zen okubangelwa ikhodi engezwe eminyakeni engu-20 edlule ukuze kusetshenzwe ngenkinga yehadiwe kwamanye ama-chipset (umyalo owengeziwe we-WAIT wengeziwe ukuze wehlise ijubane iphrosesa ukuze i-chipset ibe nesikhathi sokungena esimweni sokungenzi lutho). Ushintsho lubangele ukusebenza okuncishisiwe ngaphansi kwemithwalo yomsebenzi evame ukushintshana phakathi kwezifunda zokungenzi lutho nezimatasa. Isibonelo, ngemva kokukhubaza i-workaround, isilinganiso samaphuzu okuhlolwa kwe-tbench sikhuphuke sisuka ku-32191 MB/s saya ku-33805 MB/s.
  • Ikhodi ene-heuristics isusiwe kusihleli somsebenzi, okuqinisekisa ukuthuthela kwezinqubo kuma-CPU angalayishwe kancane, kucatshangelwa inzuzo ebikezelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla. Onjiniyela baphethe ngokuthi i-heuristic ibingelona usizo ngokwanele nokuthi bekulula ukuyisusa nokuthutha izinqubo ngaphandle kokuhlola okwengeziwe noma nini lapho ukuthutha okunjalo kungase kubangele ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi (isibonelo, uma i-CPU eqondiwe ikusigaba samandla esiphansi). Ukukhubaza i-heuristics kuholele ekuncipheni kokusetshenziswa kwamandla lapho kwenziwa imisebenzi ejulile, isibonelo, ekuhlolweni kokuqoshwa kwevidiyo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwehle ngo-5.6%.
  • Ukusatshalaliswa kwemisebenzi kuwo wonke ama-CPU cores kumasistimu amakhulu kuthuthukisiwe, okuthuthukise ukusebenza kwezinhlobo ezithile zomsebenzi.
  • I-interface ye-io_uring asynchronous I/O inikeza ifulegi elisha, i-IORING_RECV_MULTISHOT, elikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise imodi yokushutha okuningi ngekholi yesistimu ye-recv() ukuze wenze imisebenzi yokufunda eminingi kusokhethi efanayo yenethiwekhi ngesikhathi esisodwa. I-io_uring futhi isekela ukudluliswa kwenethiwekhi ngaphandle kokubhafa okuphakathi nendawo (zero-copy).
  • Kusetshenziswe ikhono lokubeka izinhlelo ze-BPF ezixhunywe ekuthuthukisweni esimweni sokulala. I-BPF futhi yengeza i-ksym entsha ye-iterator yokusebenza namathebula ophawu lwe-kernel.
  • Isixhumi esibonakalayo “se-fivars” esiphelelwe yisikhathi kuma-sysfs, okuhloswe ngaso ukufinyelela okuguquguqukayo kwe-UEFI yokuqalisa, sisusiwe (i-efivarfs virtual FS manje isisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke ukufinyelela idatha ye-EFI).
  • Insiza ye-perf inemibiko emisha yokuhlaziya ukungqubuzana kokukhiya kanye nesikhathi esichithwa iphrosesa yenza izingxenye ze-kernel.
  • Ukulungiselelwa kwe-CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_PERFORMANCE_O3 kususiwe, okuvumele i-kernel ukuthi yakhiwe kumodi yokuthuthukisa ye-"-O3". Kuyaphawulwa ukuthi ukuhlola okunezindlela zokuthuthukisa kungenziwa ngokudlulisa amafulegi ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa (“yenza i-KCFLAGS=-O3”), futhi ukwengeza ukulungiselelwa ku-Kconfig kudinga ukuphindaphinda kwephrofayela yokusebenza, okubonisa ukuthi ukuvulwa kweluphu okusetshenziswe kumodi ye-“-O3” kunikeza inzuzo uma iqhathaniswa nezinga lokulungiselela le-“-O2”.
  • Isixhumi esibonakalayo se-debugfs sengeziwe ukuze kutholwe ulwazi mayelana nokusebenza "kokunciphisa inkumbulo" (izibambi ezibizwa lapho inkumbulo enganele kanye nokupakisha izakhiwo zedatha ye-kernel ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwememori).
  • Okwezakhiwo ze-OpenRISC kanye ne-LoongArch, ukusekelwa kwebhasi le-PCI kuyasetshenziswa.
  • Okwezakhiwo ze-RISC-V, isandiso se-“Zicbom” sisetshenziswe ukuze kuphathwe amadivayisi ane-DMA engahlangene nenqolobane.
• I-Virtualization kanye Nokuphepha
  • Indlela yokuqinisekisa ye-RV (Runtime Verification) yengeziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okulungile kumasistimu athembeke kakhulu aqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukwehluleka. Ukuqinisekisa kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokunamathisela izibambi ukuze ulandelele amaphoyinti ahlola ukuqhubeka kwangempela kokusetshenziswa ngokumelene nemodeli enqunywe kusengaphambili yereferensi yomshini echaza ukuziphatha okulindelekile kwesistimu. Ukuqinisekisa ngemodeli ngesikhathi sokusebenza kubekwe njengendlela engasindi kakhulu futhi elula ukuyisebenzisa yokuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kokusetshenziswa kumasistimu abalulekile, okuhambisana nezindlela zokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwakudala. Phakathi kwezinzuzo ze-RV yikhono lokuhlinzeka ngokuqinisekiswa okuqinile ngaphandle kokuqaliswa okuhlukile kwalo lonke uhlelo ngolimi lokumodela, kanye nokuphendula okuguquguqukayo ezenzakalweni ezingalindelekile.
  • Izingxenye ze-kernel ezihlanganisiwe zokuphatha ama-enclave ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-Intel SGX2 (Software Guard eXtensions), obuvumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthi zikhiphe ikhodi ezindaweni ezihlukanisiwe zenkumbulo ezibethelwe, lapho lonke uhlelo lunokufinyelela okulinganiselwe. Ubuchwepheshe be-Intel SGX2 busekelwa kuma-Intel Ice Lake nama-Gemini Lake chips, futhi buyahluka ku-Intel SGX1 emiyalweni eyengeziwe yokulawulwa kwenkumbulo okuguquguqukayo kwama-enclave.
  • Ngokwakhiwa kwe-x86, ikhono lokudlulisa imbewu ye-pseudorandom generator inombolo ngokusebenzisa izilungiselelo ze-bootloader seliqalisiwe.
  • Imojuli ye-SafeSetID LSM manje inamandla okuphatha izinguquko ezenziwe ngocingo lwama-setgroups(). I-SafeSetID ivumela amasevisi esistimu ukuthi aphathe ngokuphephile abasebenzisi ngaphandle kwamalungelo akhulayo (CAP_SETUID) futhi ngaphandle kokuthola amalungelo ezimpande.
  • Usekelo olungeziwe lwe-ARIA block cipher.
  • Imojula yokuphatha ukuvikeleka okusekelwe ku-BPF inikeza ikhono lokunamathisela izibambi kuzinqubo zomuntu ngamunye kanye namaqembu okucubungula (amaqoqo).
  • Indlela enokusetshenziswa kwe-watchdog yengeziwe ukuze kutholwe ukulengiswa kwamasistimu wezihambeli ngokusekelwe ekuqaphelweni komsebenzi we-vCPU.
• Isistimu engaphansi yenethiwekhi
  • Izibambi zokukhiqiza nokuhlola amakhukhi e-SYN zengezwe kusistimu engaphansi ye-BPF. Futhi kwengezwe isethi yemisebenzi (kfunc) yokufinyelela nokushintsha isimo sokuxhuma.
  • Isitaki esingenantambo sengeze ukusekelwa kwendlela ye-MLO (Multi-Link Operation), echazwe ekucacisweni kwe-WiFi 7 futhi ivumela amadivaysi ukuthi athole kanye nokuthumela idatha kusetshenziswa amabhendi amafrikhwensi ahlukene namashaneli, isibonelo, ukusungula kanyekanye iziteshi ezimbalwa zokuxhumana phakathi indawo yokufinyelela kudivayisi yeklayenti.
  • Ukusebenza kwephrothokholi ye-TLS eyakhelwe ku-kernel kuthuthukisiwe.
  • Kwengezwe inketho yomugqa womyalo we-kernel "hostname=" ukuze kuvunyelwe igama lomethuleli ukuthi limiswe ngaphambi kwenqubo yokuqalisa, ngaphambi kokuthi kuqalwe izingxenye zesikhala somsebenzisi.
• Izinsiza
  • Umshayeli we-i915 (Intel) uhlinzeka ngosekelo lwamakhadi evidiyo e-Intel Arc (DG2/Alchemist) A750 kanye ne-A770. Ukuqaliswa kokuqala kosekelo lwe-Intel Ponte Vecchio (Xe-HPC) kanye ne-Meteor Lake GPUs kuhlongoziwe. Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka nokusekela inkundla ye-Intel Raptor Lake.
  • Umshayeli we-amdgpu uyaqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngosekelo lwezingxenyekazi ze-AMD RDNA3 (RX 7000) kanye ne-CDNA (Instinct).
  • Umshayeli we-Nouveau uselungise kabusha ikhodi yosekelo yezinjini zokubonisa ze-NVIDIA nv50 GPU.
  • Kwengezwe umshayeli omusha we-logicvc DRM wezikrini ze-LogiCVC.
  • Umshayeli we-v3d (we-Broadcom Video Core GPU) usekela amabhodi we-Raspberry Pi 4.
  • Kwengezwe usekelo lwe-Qualcomm Adreno 619 GPU kumshayeli we-msm.
  • Kwengezwe usekelo lwe-ARM Mali Valhall GPU kumshayeli we-Panfrost.
  • Kwengezwe ukusekelwa kokuqala kwama-Qualcomm Snapdragon 8cx Gen3 processors asetshenziswa kumalaptop e-Lenovo ThinkPad X13s.
  • Kwengezwe izishayeli zomsindo ze-AMD Raphael (Ryzen 7000), i-AMD Jadeite, i-Intel Meteor Lake kanye nezinkundla ze-Mediatek MT8186.
  • Usekelo olungeziwe lwe-Intel Habana Gaudi 2 yokufunda umshini wokusheshisa.
  • Usekelo olungeziwe lwe-ARM SoC Allwinner H616, NXP i.MX93, Sunplus SP7021, Nuvoton NPCM8XX, Marvell Prestera 98DX2530, Google Chameleon v3.

Ngaso leso sikhathi, i-Latin American Free Software Foundation yenza inguqulo ye-kernel 6.0 yamahhala - Linux-libre 6.0-gnu, esulwe izici ze-firmware namashayeli aqukethe izingxenye ezingezona zamahhala noma izingxenye zekhodi, ububanzi bayo kukhawulwe ngumkhiqizi. Ukukhishwa okusha kukhubaza ukusetshenziswa kwama-blobs kumshayeli womsindo we-CS35L41 HD kanye nomshayeli we-UCSI wama-microcontrollers e-STM32G0. Amafayela e-DTS e-Qualcomm kanye ne-MediaTek chips ahlanziwe. Ukukhutshazwa kwama-blobs kumshayeli weMediaTek MT76 sekwenziwe kabusha. Ikhodi yokuhlanza i-blob ebuyekeziwe ku-AMDGPU, Adreno, Tegra VIC, Netronome NFP kanye nabashayeli be-Habanalabs Gaudi2 namasistimu angaphansi. Umise ukuhlanza umshayeli we-VXGE, okhishwe ku-kernel.

Source: opennet.ru