Ukukhishwa kwe-kernel ye-Linux 6.7

Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili zokuthuthuka, uLinus Torvalds wethule ukukhululwa kwe-Linux kernel 6.7. Phakathi kwezinguquko eziphawuleka kakhulu: ukuhlanganiswa kohlelo lwefayela le-Bcachefs, ukuyeka ukusekelwa kwezakhiwo ze-Itanium, ikhono le-Nouvea lokusebenza ne-GSP-R firmware, ukusekelwa kokubethela kwe-TLS ku-NVMe-TCP, ikhono lokusebenzisa okuhlukile ku-BPF, ukusekelwa kwe-futex ku-io_uring, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwesihleli se-fq (I-Fair Queuing) ), ukusekelwa kwesandiso se-TCP-AO (Inketho Yokuqinisekisa ye-TCP) kanye nekhono lokukhawulela ukuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi ngendlela yokuphepha ye-Landlock, kwengeza ukulawula kokufinyelela endaweni yamagama yomsebenzisi kanye ne-io_uring ngokusebenzisa i-AppArmor.

Inguqulo entsha ihlanganisa ukulungiswa okungu-18405 okuvela konjiniyela abangu-2066, usayizi wesichibi ungu-72 MB (ushintsho luthinte amafayela angu-13467, imigqa yekhodi engu-906147 yengeziwe, imigqa engu-341048 isusiwe). Ukukhishwa kokugcina kube nokulungiswa okungu-15291 okuvela kubathuthukisi be-2058, usayizi wesichibi wawungu-39 MB. Cishe u-45% wazo zonke izinguquko ezethulwe ku-6.7 zihlobene nezishayeli zedivayisi, cishe u-14% wezinguquko zihlobene nokubuyekeza ikhodi eqondene nezakhiwo zehadiwe, u-13% uhlobene nesitaki senethiwekhi, u-5% uhlobene nezinhlelo zamafayela, futhi u-3% zihlobene nesistimu ye-kernel yangaphakathi.

Ukuqamba okusha okubalulekile ku-kernel 6.7:

• I-Disk Subsystem, I/O kanye ne-File Systems
  • I-kernel yamukela ikhodi yesistimu yefayela ye-Bcachefs, ezama ukuzuza ukusebenza, ukwethembeka kanye nokukala kwe-XFS, kuhlanganiswe nezinto zokusebenza ezithuthukisiwe ezitholakala kuma-Btrfs kanye ne-ZFS. Isibonelo, i-Bcachefs isekela izici ezinjengokufaka amadivaysi amaningi ekuhlukaniseni, izakhiwo zamadrayivu ezendlalelo eziningi (isendlalelo esingezansi esinedatha esetshenziswa njalo esekelwe kuma-SSD asheshayo, kanye nesendlalelo esiphezulu esinedatha engasetshenziswa kancane evela kuma-hard drive), ukuphindaphinda (RAID). 1/10), ukugcinwa kunqolobane , ukucindezelwa kwedatha okusobala (izindlela ze-LZ4, i-gzip ne-ZSTD), izingcezu zesimo (izifinyezo), ukuqinisekiswa kobuqotho kusetshenziswa amasheke, amandla okugcina amakhodi okulungisa iphutha le-Reed-Solomon (RAID 5/6), ukugcina imininingwane ifomu elibethelwe (i-ChaCha20 ne-Poly1305 isetshenziswa). Mayelana nokusebenza, ama-Bcachefs angaphambi kwama-Btrfs nezinye izinhlelo zefayela asekelwe kumshini wokukopisha-on-Write, futhi abonisa isivinini sokusebenza eduze ne-Ext4 ne-XFS.
  • Isistimu yefayela ye-Btrfs yethula imodi ye-quota eyenziwe lula ekuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele ukusebenza okuphezulu ngokulandela umkhondo kuphela engxenyeni encane edalwe ngayo, eyenza izibalo zibe lula futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza, kodwa ayikuvumeli ukuthi ucabangele amazinga abiwe ezindaweni ezimbalwa. izingxenye ezingaphansi.
  • I-Btrfs yengeze isakhiwo sedatha "sesihlahla somthende" esisha, esifanele ukuqoqwa kwemephu okunengqondo ezimeni lapho amamephu aphathekayo engafani kuwo wonke amadivayisi. Isakhiwo okwamanje sisetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwe-RAID0 ne-RAID1 kumadivayisi amabhulokhi aklanyiwe. Ngokuzayo, bahlela ukusebenzisa lesi sakhiwo kuma-RAID asezingeni eliphezulu, azoxazulula izinkinga eziningi ezikhona ekusetshenzisweni kwamanje.
  • Uhlelo lwefayela le-Ceph lisebenzisa ukwesekwa kokumepha ama-ID wabasebenzisi bezinhlelo zamafayela akhweziwe, asetshenziselwa ukufanisa amafayela omsebenzisi othile esahlulelweni sangaphandle esifakwe omunye umsebenzisi ohlelweni lwamanje.
  • Kwengezwe ikhono lokucacisa i-uid ne-gid ekukhwezeni ku-efivarfs ukuze kuvunyelwe izinqubo ezingezona impande ukushintsha okuguquguqukayo kwe-UEFI.
  • Kwengezwe amakholi e-ioctl ku-exFAT ukuze afunde futhi aguqule izibaluli ze-FS. Ukuphathwa okungeziwe kwezinkomba zosayizi onguziro.
  • I-F2FS isebenzisa amandla okusebenzisa amabhulokhi angu-16K.
  • I-autofs automount mechanism ishintshiwe ukuze isebenzise i-partition mounting API entsha.
  • I-OverlayFS inikeza izinketho zokukhweza "lowerdir+" kanye "nedathadir+". Ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kokukhwezwa kwesidleke kwe-OverlayFS ngama-xattrs.
  • I-XFS ithuthukise umthwalo we-CPU kukhodi yokwabiwa kwebhulokhi yesikhathi sangempela. Amandla okwenza ngesikhathi esisodwa imisebenzi yokufunda neye-FICLONE inikeziwe.
  • Ikhodi ye-EXT2 iguqulelwe ukuze isebenzise amakhasi ekhasi.
• Imemori kanye nezinsizakalo zesistimu
  • Ukusekelwa kwezakhiwo ze-ia64 ezisetshenziswa kuma-Intel Itanium processors, anqanyulwe ngokuphelele ngo-2021, kuyekwa. I-Itanium processors yethulwa yi-Intel ngo-2001, kodwa izakhiwo ze-ia64 zehlulekile ukuncintisana ne-AMD64, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-AMD64 kanye noguquko olushelelayo olusuka kuma-32-bit x86 processors. Ngenxa yalokho, izintshisekelo ze-Intel zashintsha zavuna amaphrosesa e-x86-64, futhi ingxenye ye-Itanium yahlala iyiseva ye-HP Integrity, ama-oda awo amiswa eminyakeni emithathu edlule. Ikhodi yokusekelwa kwe-ia64 isusiwe ku-kernel ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesikhathi eside kokusekelwa kwalesi sigcawu, kuyilapho uLinus Torvalds ezwakalise ukuzimisela kwakhe ukubuyisela ukusekelwa kwe-ia64 ku-kernel, kodwa kuphela uma kukhona umnakekeli ongabonisa izinga eliphezulu. usekelo lwale nkundla ngaphandle kwe-kernel eyinhloko okungenani unyaka .
  • Kwengezwe ipharamitha yomyalo we-kernel "ia32_emulation", ekuvumela ukuthi unike amandla noma ukhubaze ukusekela kokulingisa kwemodi ye-32-bit kuma-kernel akhelwe ukwakheka kwe-x86-64 kusiteji sokuqalisa. Ngasohlangothini olusebenzayo, inketho entsha ikuvumela ukuthi wakhe i-kernel ngokusekelwa kokuhambisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-32-bit, kodwa khubaza le modi ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze unciphise i-vector yokuhlasela ku-kernel, njengoba i-API yokuhambisana ivivinywa kancane kune-kernel eyinhloko. izindawo zokuhlangana.
  • Ukufuduka okuqhubekayo kwezinguquko kusuka egatsheni le-Rust-for-Linux okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kolimi lwe-Rust njengolimi lwesibili lokuthuthukisa amamojula abashayeli nama-kernel (Ukusekelwa kwe-Rust akusebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi akuholeli ekufakweni kwe-Rust phakathi okudingekayo komhlangano we-kernel). Inguqulo entsha yenza inguquko ekusebenziseni ukukhishwa kwe-Rust 1.73 futhi inikeza isethi yezibopho zokusebenza ngomugqa wokusebenza.
  • Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa indlela ye-binfmt_misc ukwengeza ukwesekwa kwamafomethi amasha efayela asebenzisekayo (isibonelo, ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanganisiwe ze-Java noma ze-Python) phakathi kwezikhala zamagama ezingenamalungelo.
  • Isilawuli se-cgroup cpuset, esikuvumela ukuthi ulawule ukusetshenziswa kwama-CPU cores lapho wenza umsebenzi, sinikeza ukuhlukaniswa kokuhlukaniswa kwendawo nokukude, okuhluka ngokuthi iqoqo lomzali liyingxenye yempande efanele noma cha. Izilungiselelo ezintsha "cpuset.cpus.exclusive" kanye "cpuset.cpus.excluisve.effective" nazo zengezwe ku-cpuset ukuze kuhlanganiswe okukhethekile kwe-CPU.
  • Isistimu engaphansi ye-BPF isebenzisa ukusekelwa kokuhlukile, okucutshungulwa njengokuphuma kwesimo esiphuthumayo ohlelweni lwe-BPF olunekhono lokukhulula ngokuphephile izinhlaka zesitaki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo ze-BPF zivumela ukusetshenziswa kwezikhombi ze-kptr mayelana ne-CPU.
  • Ukusekelwa kokusebenza nge-futex kwengezwe kusistimu engaphansi ye-io_uring, futhi imisebenzi emisha ifakiwe: IORING_OP_WAITID (inguqulo ehambisanayo ye-waitid), SOCKET_URING_OP_GETSOCKOPT (inketho ye-getsockoptand), SOCKET_URING_OP_SETSOCKOPT (setha ukuthi i-multiple ayifundi) kukhona idatha noma akunayo ibhafa egcwele).
  • Ukufakwa okungeziwe kolayini be-FIFO obungasindi obukodwa obudinga i-spinlock kuphela ukuze kumiswe umugqa kumongo wenqubo futhi kukhishwe nge-spinlock ukuze kungezwe i-athomu kulayini kunoma yimuphi umongo.
  • Kwengezwe isigcinalwazi sendandatho ethi "objpool" enokuqaliswa okukalayo komugqa wokusebenza okuphezulu wokwaba nokubuyisela izinto.
  • Ingxenye yokuqala yezinguquko yengeziwe ukuze kusetshenziswe i-futex2 API entsha, esebenza kangcono ezinhlelweni ze-NUMA, esekela osayizi abangaphandle kwamabhithi angu-32, futhi ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni socingo lwesistimu lwe-multiplexed futex().
  • Okwezakhiwo ze-ARM32 ne-S390x, usekelo lwesethi yamanje (cpuv4) yemiyalelo ye-BPF yengeziwe.
  • Ngokwakhiwa kwe-RISC-V, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa imodi yokuhlola i-Shadow-Call Stack etholakala ku-Clang 17, eklanyelwe ukuvikela ekubhalweni phezu kwekheli lokubuyisela emsebenzini uma kwenzeka ukugcwala kwebhafa kusitaki. Ingqikithi yokuvikela iwukulondoloza ikheli lokubuyisela kusitaki “sethunzi” esihlukile ngemva kokudlulisa isilawuli kumsebenzi kanye nokukhipha leli kheli ngaphambi kokuphuma emsebenzini.
  • Imodi entsha yokuskena yekhasi lememori ehlakaniphile yengezwe kumshini wokuhlanganisa amakhasi enkumbulo afanayo (KSM: I-Kernel Samepage Merging), elandelela amakhasi askeniwe ngaphandle kwempumelelo futhi yehlise ukushuba kokuphinda kuskenwe kwawo. Ukuze unike amandla imodi entsha, isilungiselelo /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/smart_scan sengeziwe.
  • Kwengezwe umyalo omusha we-ioctl PAGEMAP_SCAN, othi, uma usetshenziswa ne-userfaultfd(), ikuvumela ukuthi unqume amaqiniso okubhala ebangeni elithile lememori. Isici esisha, isibonelo, singasetshenziswa kusistimu ukuze kugcinwe futhi kubuyiselwe isimo sezinqubo ze-CRIU noma kumasistimu wokulwa nokukopela wegeyimu.
  • Kuhlelo lokuhlanganisa, uma i-Clang compiler itholakala, ukuhlanganiswa kwezibonelo zokusebenzisa i-perf subsystem, ebhalwe njengezinhlelo ze-BPF, inikwe amandla ngokuzenzakalelayo.
  • Isendlalelo esidala se-videobuf, esasetshenziswa ukuphatha amafreyimu ohlelweni olungaphansi lwemidiya futhi sathathelwa indawo ukuqaliswa okusha kwe-videobuf10 eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-2 edlule, sisusiwe.
• I-Virtualization kanye Nokuphepha
  • Ikhono lokubethela idatha kumabhulokhi amancane kunosayizi webhulokhi ohlelweni lwefayela lengezwe kusistimu engaphansi ye-fscrypt. Lokhu kungase kudingeke ukuze kunikwe amandla izindlela zokubethela zehadiwe ezisekela amabhulokhi amancane kuphela (isibonelo, abalawuli be-UFS abasekela kuphela usayizi webhulokhi we-4096 bangasetshenziswa ngesistimu yefayela enosayizi webhulokhi we-16K).
  • Uhlelo olungaphansi lwe-“iommufd”, olukuvumela ukuthi ulawule amathebula ekhasi lenkumbulo ye-IOMMU (I/O Memory-Management) ngokusebenzisa izichazi zefayela ezisuka esikhaleni somsebenzisi, sengeze ukulandelelwa kwedatha engakasuswa kunqolobane (engcolile) ye-DMA. imisebenzi, okudingekayo ukuze kutholwe inkumbulo enedatha engahluziwe ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwenqubo.
  • Ukusekelwa kokuchaza imithetho yokulawula ukufinyelela kwamasokhethi e-TCP kwengezwe kumshini we-Landlock, okuvumela ukuthi ukhawulele ukusebenzisana kweqembu lezinqubo nemvelo yangaphandle. Isibonelo, ungakha umthetho ovumela kuphela ukufinyelela embobeni yenethiwekhi engu-443 ukuze kusungulwe ukuxhumana kwe-HTTPS.
  • I-subsystem ye-AppArmor yengeze amandla okulawula ukufinyelela kumshini we-io_uring nokudala izindawo zamagama zabasebenzisi, okukuvumela ukuba ukhethe ukuvumela ukufinyelela kulawa makhono ezinqubweni ezithile kuphela.
  • Kwengezwe i-API yobufakazi bomshini obonakalayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho benqubo yokuqalisa umshini obonakalayo.
  • Amasistimu we-LoongArch asekela ukwenziwa kwezinto kusetshenziswa i-hypervisor ye-KVM.
  • Uma usebenzisa i-hypervisor ye-KVM ezinhlelweni ze-RISC-V, usekelo lwesandiso se-Smstateen luye lwavela, oluvimba umshini obonakalayo ekufinyeleleni amarejista e-CPU angasekelwe ngokusobala yi-hypervisor. Kungezwe nosekelo lokusetshenziswa kwesandiso se-Zicond kumasistimu wezihambeli, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi ethile enemibandela enenombolo.
  • Kuzinhlelo zesivakashi ezisekelwe ku-x86 ezisebenza ngaphansi kwe-KVM, kufikela kuma-CPU abonakalayo angu-4096 avunyelwe.
• Isistimu engaphansi yenethiwekhi
  • Umshayeli we-NVMe-TCP (NVMe over TCP), okuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele kumadrayivu e-NVMe ngenethiwekhi (i-NVM Express over Fabrics) usebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-TCP, wengeze ukusekelwa kokubethela isiteshi sokudlulisa idatha kusetshenziswa i-TLS (usebenzisa i-KTLS nenqubo yangemuva esikhaleni somsebenzisi tlshd sezingxoxo zokuxhuma).
  • Ukusebenza kweshejuli yephakethe le-fq (Fair Queuing) kwathuthukiswa, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukukhuphula umthamo ngo-5% ngaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo ekuhlolweni kwe-tcp_rr (TCP Request/Response) futhi ngo-13% ngokugeleza okungenamkhawulo kwamaphakethe e-UDP.
  • I-TCP yengeza amandla okuzikhethela we-microsecond-precision timestamp (TCP TS) (RFC 7323), okuvumela ukulinganisela okunembe kakhudlwana kokubambezeleka kanye namamojula athuthuke kakhulu okulawula ukuminyana. Ukuze uyinike amandla, ungasebenzisa umyalo “umzila we-ip engeza 10/8 ... izici tcp_usec_ts”.
  • Isitaki se-TCP sengeze ukusekelwa kwesandiso se-TCP-AO (Inketho Yokuqinisekisa ye-TCP, i-RFC 5925), eyenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa izihloko ze-TCP kusetshenziswa amakhodi e-MAC (Ikhodi Yokuqinisekisa Umlayezo), kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms esimanjemanje kakhulu i-HMAC-SHA1 kanye ne-CMAC-AES- 128 esikhundleni senketho ye-TCP-MD5 ebitholakala ngaphambilini esekelwe ku-algorithm yefa le-MD5.
  • Kungezwe uhlobo olusha lwamadivayisi enethiwekhi ye-virtual “netkit”, ingqondo yokudlulisa idatha esethwe kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-BPF.
  • I-KSMBD, ukuqaliswa kwezinga le-kernel leseva ye-SMB, yengeze usekelo lokuxazulula amagama wamafayela aqukethe amapheya okulandelana ezinhlamvu ezihlanganisiwe.
  • I-NFS ithuthukise ukuqaliswa kochungechunge ngezinsizakalo ze-RPC. Ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kokuthunyelwe kwabathunywa (kwe-NFSv4.1+). I-NFSD yengeze usekelo lwesibambi se-netlink se-rpc_status. Usekelo oluthuthukisiwe lwamakhasimende e-NFSv4.x lapho ethekelisa kabusha ku-knfsd.
• Izinsiza
  • Usekelo lokuqala lwe-firmware ye-GSP-RM yengezwe kumojula ye-Nouveau kernel, esetshenziswa ku-NVIDIA RTX 20+ GPU ukuhambisa ukuqalisa nokusebenza kokulawula kwe-GPU eceleni kwesilawuli esincane se-GSP (GPU System Processor). Ukusekelwa kwe-GSP-RM kuvumela umshayeli we-Nouveau ukuthi asebenze ngezingcingo ze-firmware, kunokuba ahlele ngokuqondile ukusebenzelana kwehadiwe, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukwengeza usekelo lwama-NVIDIA GPU amasha ngokusebenzisa izingcingo ezakhelwe ngaphambilini zokuqalisa nokuphathwa kwamandla.
  • Umshayeli we-AMDGPU usekela i-GC 11.5, NBIO 7.11, SMU 14, SMU 13.0 OD, DCN 3.5, VPE 6.1 kanye ne-DML2. Ukusekelwa okuthuthukisiwe kokulayisha okungenamthungo (akukho ukucwayiza lapho ushintsha imodi yevidiyo).
  • Umshayeli we-i915 wengeza ukusekelwa kwama-Intel Meteor Lake chips futhi wengeza ukuqaliswa kokuqala kwe-Intel LunarLake (Xe 2).
  • Ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwamashaneli okudlulisela a-asymmetric angezwe ekucacisweni kwe-USB4 v2 (120/40G).
  • Ukusekelwa okwengeziwe kwe-ARM SoC: I-Qualcomm Snapdragon 720G (esetshenziswa kuma-smartphones e-Xiaomi), i-AMD Pensando Elba, i-Renesas, i-R8A779F4 (R-Car S4-8), i-USRobotics USR8200 (esetshenziswa kumarutha naku-NAS).
  • Ukwengezwa okungeziwe kwe-Fairphone 5 smartphone namabhodi e-ARM i-Orange Pi 5, i-QuartzPro64, i-Turing RK1, i-Variscite MX6, i-BigTreeTech CB1, i-Freescale LX2162, i-Google Sherion, i-Google Hayato, i-Genio 1200 EVK, i-RK3566 Powkiddy RGB30.
  • Ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwamabhodi e-RISC-V i-Milk-V Pioneer ne-Milk-V Duo.
  • Usekelo olungeziwe lwezixhumanisi zomsindo zamakhompyutha aphathekayo e-HUAWEI ahlinzekwa ngama-AMD CPUs. Ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwezipikha ezengeziwe ezifakwe kumalaptop e-Dell Oasis 13/14/16. Ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwezikhulumi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi i-ASUS K6500ZC. Ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwesikhombi esithulile kumakhompyutha aphathekayo e-HP 255 G8 naku-G10. Ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwamashayeli omsindo we-acp6.3. Usekelo olungeziwe lwe-Focusrite Clarett+ 2Pre kanye ne-4Pre professional recording interfaces.

Ngaso leso sikhathi, i-Latin American Free Software Foundation yakha inguqulo ye-kernel yamahhala 6.7 - Linux-libre 6.7-gnu, esulwe izici ze-firmware namashayeli aqukethe izingxenye ezingezona zamahhala noma izigaba zekhodi, ububanzi bayo bulinganiselwe. ngomkhiqizi. Ekukhishweni okungu-6.7, ikhodi yokuhlanza i-blob ibuyekeziwe kumashayeli ahlukahlukene nasezinhlelweni ezingaphansi, isibonelo, kumashayeli we-amdgpu, nouveau, adreno, mwifiex, mt7988, ath11k, avs kanye ne-btqca. Ikhodi yokuhlanza i-localtalk kanye nabashayeli be-rtl8192u isusiwe ngenxa yokukhishwa kwabo ku-kernel. Kukhishwe izingxenye ezingadingekile zokuhlanza abashayeli be-xhci-pci, i-rtl8xxxu kanye ne-rtw8822b, okwengezwe ngaphambilini ngephutha. Kuhlanzwe amagama e-blob kumafayela e-dts okwakhiwa kwe-Aarch64. Kukhishwe ama-blobs kubashayeli abasha i-mt7925, tps6598x, aw87390 kanye ne-aw88399.

Source: opennet.ru