Ku-Open Source Technology Summi yakamuva (OSTS) , unjiniyela oholayo we-Intel, uthe inkampani yakhe inentshisekelo yokuthi iRust ifinyelele "ekulinganisweni" no-C, osabusa emkhakheni wezinhlelo kanye nentuthuko esezingeni eliphansi, maduze nje. ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Intel and Rust: The Future of Systems Programming" waphinde wakhuluma ngomlando wezinhlelo zezinhlelo, ukuthi uC waba kanjani ulimi "lokuzenzakalelayo" lokuhlela uhlelo, yiziphi izici zeRust ezinikeza umkhawulo ku-C, nokuthi kanjani maduzane. esikhathini esizayo ingathatha indawo ka-C ngokuphelele endaweni ethile yokuhlela.
Ukuhlelwa kwesistimu ukuthuthukiswa nokuphathwa kwesofthiwe esebenza njengenkundla yokudala izinhlelo zokusebenza, iqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu okulandelayo kusebenzisana neprosesa, i-RAM, amadivayisi we-I / O, kanye nemishini yenethiwekhi. Isofthiwe yesistimu idala ukuhoxa okukhethekile ngendlela yokuxhumana ekusiza ukuthi udale isofthiwe yohlelo lokusebenza ngaphandle kokungena emininingwaneni yokuthi ihadiwe ngokwayo isebenza kanjani.
U-Triplett ngokwakhe uchaza ukuhlela amasistimu ngokuthi "noma yini okungelona uhlelo lokusebenza". Kuhlanganisa izinto ezifana ne-BIOS, i-firmware, izilayishi ze-boot nama-kernel wesistimu yokusebenza, izinhlobo ezahlukene zekhodi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yezinga eliphansi, kanye nokusetshenziswa komshini obonakalayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi u-Triplett ukholelwa ukuthi isiphequluli sewebhu siphinde sibe isofthiwe yesistimu, njengoba isiphequluli sedlule isikhathi eside ngaphezu "kohlelo nje" ukuya "kwinkundla yamawebhusayithi nezinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu."
Esikhathini esidlule, izinhlelo eziningi zesistimu, ezihlanganisa i-BIOS, ama-bootloaders, ne-firmware, zazibhalwa ngolimi lokuhlanganisa. Ukuhlolwa kwaqala ngawo-1960 ukuhlinzeka ngosekelo lwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zezilimi ezisezingeni eliphezulu, okuholela ezilimini ezifana ne-PL/S, BLISS, BCPL, kanye ne-ALGOL 68.
Khona-ke, ngawo-1970, u-Dennis Ritchie wadala ulimi lokuhlela lwe-C lwesistimu yokusebenza ye-Unix. Idalwe ngolimi lokuhlela lwe-B, olwalungenakho ngisho nokusekelwa kokuthayipha, i-C igcwaliswe ngemisebenzi enamandla yezinga eliphezulu eyayifaneleka kakhulu ukubhala izinhlelo zokusebenza nezishayeli. Izingxenye ezimbalwa ze-UNIX, kuhlanganise ne-kernel yayo, ekugcineni zabhalwa kabusha ngo-C. Ngemva kwalokho, ezinye izinhlelo eziningi zesistimu, kuhlanganise nesizindalwazi se-Oracle, iningi lekhodi yomthombo we-Windows, kanye nesistimu yokusebenza ye-Linux, nazo zabhalwa ku-C.
U-C uthole ukwesekwa okukhulu kulokhu. Kodwa yini ngempela eyenza abathuthukisi bashintshele kuyo? U-Triplett ukholelwa ukuthi ukuze ukhuthaze abathuthukisi ukuthi bashintshe kusukela kolunye ulimi lokuhlela baye kolunye, lokhu kwakamuva kufanele kunikeze izici ezintsha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izici ezindala.
Okokuqala, ulimi kufanele lunikeze izici ezintsha "ezihlaba umxhwele ngokwanele". “Akakwazi ukuba ngcono. Kufanele kube ngcono kakhulu ukuthethelela umzamo nesikhathi esisithathayo ukuze onjiniyela benze ushintsho,” kuchaza yena. Uma kuqhathaniswa nolimi lomhlangano, u-C wayenokuningi ayengakunikeza. Isekela ukuphepha kohlobo oluthile, yanikeza ukuphatheka okungcono kanye nokusebenza ngokwakhiwa kwezinga eliphezulu, futhi yakhiqiza ikhodi efundeka kakhulu iyonke.
Okwesibili, ulimi kufanele lunikeze ukwesekwa kwezici ezindala, okusho ukuthi emlandweni wokushintshela ku-C, abathuthukisi bekufanele baqiniseke ukuthi alusebenzi kancane kunolimi lokuhlanganisa. U-Triplett uyachaza: “Ulimi olusha alukwazi ukumane lube ngcono, kumelwe futhi lube luhle ngendlela efanayo.” Ngaphezu kokushesha nokusekela noma yiziphi izinhlobo zedatha ezingase zisetshenziswe ngolimi lokuhlanganisa, u-C uphinde waba nalokho u-Triplett akubiza ngokuthi "i-escape hatch," okungukuthi, ukusekelwa kokufaka ikhodi yolimi lomhlangano phakathi kwayo.
U-Triplett ukholelwa ukuthi i-C manje isifana nolimi lomhlangano olwaluyilokho eminyakeni eminingi edlule. "U-C ungumdidiyeli omusha," usho kanje. Onjiniyela manje bafuna ulimi olusha lwezinga eliphezulu olungeke luxazulule kuphela izinkinga eziqhubekayo zika-C ezingasalungiseki, kodwa futhi lunikeze izici ezintsha ezijabulisayo. Ulimi olunjalo kufanele luphoqe ngokwanele ukuphoqa abathuthukisi ukuthi bashintshele kulo, kumele luvikeleke, luhlinzeke ngokuphathwa kwenkumbulo okuzenzakalelayo, nokunye okuningi.
“Noma yiluphi ulimi olufuna ukuba ngcono kuno-C ludinga ukunikeza okungaphezu kokuvikela ukuchichima kwe-buffer uma lufuna ngempela ukuba ngenye indlela ephoqelelayo. Onjiniyela banentshisekelo ekusebenziseni nasekusebenzeni, ekubhaleni ikhodi ezichazayo futhi eyenza umsebenzi omningi emigqeni embalwa. Izinkinga zokuphepha nazo zidinga ukubhekwa. Ukusebenziseka kalula nokusebenza kuhambisana nayo. Ikhodi encane okufanele uyibhale ukuze uzuze okuthile, liyancipha ithuba lokuba wenze noma imaphi amaphutha ahlobene nokuvikeleka noma angahlobene nokuvikeleka,” kuchaza u-Triplett.
Ukuqhathanisa i-Rust no-C
Emuva ngo-2006, u-Graydon Hoare we-Mozilla waqala ukubhala i-Rust njengephrojekthi yomuntu siqu. Futhi ngo-2009, i-Mozilla yaqala ukuxhasa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Rust ngezidingo zayo, futhi yandisa iqembu ukuze lithuthukise ulimi.
Esinye sezizathu ezenza ukuthi i-Mozilla ibe nentshisekelo olimini olusha ukuthi iFirefox yayibhalwe ngemigqa engaphezu kwezigidi ezi-4 yekhodi ye-C++ futhi yayinokukhubazeka okumbalwa. Ukugqwala kwakhiwe kucatshangelwa ukuvikeleka nokuvumelana, okuyenza ibe yinketho efanelekile yokubhala kabusha izingxenye eziningi zeFirefox njengengxenye yephrojekthi ye-Quantum yokulungisa ngokuphelele ukwakheka kwesiphequluli. I-Mozilla futhi isebenzisa i-Rust ukuze ithuthukise i-Servo, injini enikeza i-HTML ezongena esikhundleni senjini yamanje enikezelayo yeFirefox esikhathini esizayo. Ezinye izinkampani eziningi seziqalile ukusebenzisa iRust kumaphrojekthi azo, okuhlanganisa iMicrosoft, Google, Facebook, Amazon, Dropbox, Fastly, Chef, Baidu, nezinye eziningi.
I-Rust ixazulula enye yezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu zolimi C. Ihlinzeka ngokuphathwa kwememori okuzenzakalelayo ukuze onjiniyela bangawabi mathupha bese beyinikezela ngayo yonke into kuhlelo lokusebenza. Okwenza i-Rust ihluke kwezinye izilimi zesimanje ukuthi ayinayo inqola kadoti esusa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinto ezingasetshenzisiwe enkumbulweni, futhi ayinayo indawo yesikhathi sokusebenza ukuyiqhuba, njengeJava Runtime Environment yeJava. Kunalokho, i-Rust inemiqondo yobunikazi, ukuboleka, izinkomba, nempilo yokuphila. “I-Rust inohlelo lokumemezela izingcingo zento ethile, ekuvumela ukuthi ucacise ukuthi umnikazi uyayisebenzisa noma iboleka nje. Uma nje uboleka into, umhlanganisi uzohlala eyibhekile futhi aqinisekise ukuthi eyangempela ihlala endaweni ngenkathi ubhekisela kuyo. Futhi i-Rust izophinde iqinisekise ukuthi into iyasuswa enkumbulweni ngokushesha nje lapho isiqedile ukuyisebenzisa, ifaka ucingo olufanele kukhodi ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa ngaphandle kwesikhathi esengeziwe, "kusho u-Triplett.
Ukuntuleka kwesikhathi sokusebenza somdabu nakho kungabhekwa njengesici esihle se-Rust. U-Triplett ukholelwa ukuthi izilimi ezisebenza nazo kunzima ukuzisebenzisa njengethuluzi lokuhlela izinhlelo. Njengoba echaza, "Kufanele uqalise lesi sikhathi sokusebenza ngaphambi kokuthi ushayele noma iyiphi ikhodi, kufanele usebenzise lesi sikhathi sokusebenza ukuze ushayele imisebenzi, futhi isikhathi sokusebenza ngokwaso singasebenzisa ikhodi eyengeziwe ngemuva kwakho ngezikhathi ezingalindelekile."
I-Rust iphinde ilwele ukuhlinzeka ngohlelo oluphephile oluhambisanayo. Izici ezifanayo eziyenza ivikeleke kwinkumbulo zilandela umkhondo wezinto ezinjengokuthi iyiphi intambo ephethe iyiphi into nokuthi iziphi izinto ezingadluliswa phakathi kwemicu nezidinga ukukhiywa.
Zonke lezi zici zenza iRust iphoqe ngokwanele ukuthi onjiniyela bakhethe njengethuluzi labo lokuhlela lesistimu entsha. Kodwa-ke, mayelana ne-parallel computing, i-Rust isemuva kancane ku-C.
I-Triplett izokwakha iqembu elisebenzayo elikhethekile elizosebenzisa izici ezidingekayo ku-Rust ukuze lilingane ngokugcwele, lidlule futhi lithathele u-C emkhakheni wezinhlelo zezinhlelo. IN , ozinikezele enkulumweni yakhe, wathi "iqembu le-FFI / C Parity lisenqubweni yokudalwa futhi alikaqali umsebenzi", ngenkathi ekulungele ukuphendula noma yimiphi imibuzo, futhi esikhathini esizayo ngokuqinisekile uzoshicilela eseduze. izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa i-Rust njengengxenye yesinyathelo sakhe sabo bonke abathintekayo.
Kungacatshangwa ukuthi, okokuqala, iqembu le-FFI / C Parity lizobamba iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni ukusekelwa kokufunda okuningi kukaRust, ukwethula ukusekelwa kwe-BFLOAT16, ifomethi yephoyinti elintantayo elivele kumaphrosesa amasha we-Intel Xeon Scalable, kanye nokusimamisa ikhodi yomhlangano. okufakiwe.
Source: 3dnews.ru