Muva nje, kubafundi be-Habr, ngiqhube isikhashana izilimi zokuhlela ezifana neRust, Dart, Erlang, ukuthola ukuthi ziyivelakancane kangakanani emakethe ye-IT yaseRussia.
Ekuphenduleni ucwaningo lwami, kuthengwe imibono nemibuzo ephathelene nezinye izilimi. Nginqume ukuqoqa konke ukuphawula kwakho bese ngikwenza okunye ukuhlaziya.
Ucwaningo lwaluhlanganisa izilimi: Forth, Ceylon, Scala, Perl, Cobol, kanye nezinye izilimi. Ngokuvamile, ngihlaziye izilimi zokuhlela eziyi-10.
Ukwenza kube lula ngawe ukuthi uthole ulwazi, ngihlukanise izilimi ngokwemibandela ngamaqembu amabili: okungajwayelekile (akukho sidingo nokunikezwa okuphansi) nokudumile (ulimi luyadingeka emakethe ye-IT yaseRussia).
Ukuhlaziya kwami, njengesikhathi sokugcina, bekusekelwe kudatha ethathwe ku-portal ye-Headhunter, kunethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu i-LinkedIn, kanye nezibalo zomuntu siqu ze-ejensi yami. Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya okunembe kakhudlwana kwezilimi ezingavamile, ngisebenzise isevisi Yokuqasha Okumangalisayo.
Kulabo abangazi ukuthi i-Amazing Hiring iyini, ngizokutshela. Lena isevisi ekhethekile "ehlaziya" lonke ulwazi mayelana nochwepheshe abavela kuyo yonke i-inthanethi. Ngosizo lwayo, ungathola ukuthi bangaki ochwepheshe ababonisa ulimi oluthile ngamakhono abo.
Ngakho-ke, ake siqale ngezilimi zokuhlela ezidumile.
Izilimi ezidumile
I-Verilog, i-VHDL
Lezi zilimi eziphambili zokuchazwa kwehadiwe zithandwa kakhulu emakethe ye-IT yaseRussia. Ochwepheshe be-1870 bakhombise ku-Headhunter ukuthi bayayazi i-Verilog. Umbuzo we-VHDL ubuyisela kabusha okungu-1159. Ochwepheshe abangama-613 babhala ngazo zombili izilimi. Onjiniyela ababili bafake ulwazi lwe-VHDL/Verilog esihlokweni se-resume. Ngokwehlukana, i-Verilog yaziwa njengeyona eyinhloko - abathuthukisi abangu-19, i-VHDL - 23.
Kunezinkampani ezingama-68 ezihlinzeka ngemisebenzi konjiniyela abazi i-VHDL, kanye ne-Verilog engama-85. Kulezi, kunezikhala zomsebenzi ezingama-56. Izikhala ezingama-74 zifakwe ku-LinkedIn.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izilimi zidumile phakathi kochwepheshe abasebasha abaneminyaka eyi-18 kuye kwengama-30.
Njengoba i-VHDL ne-Verilog kuvame ukuhambisana, ngibonisa isilinganiso esilinganiselwe senani lokuqhubeka nenani lezikhala ngisebenzisa isibonelo solimi lwe-VHDL. Ukuze kucace, ngigqamise ngokwehlukana abathuthukisi abakhombise ulwazi lwe-VHDL esihlokweni sokuqhubeka kwabo, esingabonakala esithombeni:
Isithombe sibonisa isilinganiso senani lezikhala nenani lama-CV ashicilelwe. Onjiniyela bencazelo yehadiwe ye-VHDL baboniswe ngokubomvu.
Scala
Mhlawumbe olunye lwezilimi ezithandwa kakhulu nezifunwa kakhulu ohlwini. Ulimi lwangena kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilinganiso . Ikleliswe endaweni ye-18 ohlwini lwezilimi ezidume kakhulu. Iphinde ibe ngolunye lwezilimi eziyintandokazi phakathi kwabathuthukisi bolimi, ethatha indawo ye-12 ezilinganisweni futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Stackoverflow ihlukanise iScala njengolunye lwezilimi zokuhlela ezibiza kakhulu. Ulimi lutholakala ngokushesha ngemuva kolimi lwezinhlelo ze-Erlang, luthatha indawo yesi-8. Umholo omaphakathi womhlaba wonke wonjiniyela we-Scala ngu-$67000. Abathuthukisi be-Scala bakhokhelwa kakhulu e-USA.
Ku-Headhunter, ochwepheshe abangu-166 bafake ulwazi lwe-Scala esihlokweni sokuqhubeka kwabo. Ingqikithi ye-1392 yaqala kabusha yashicilelwa ku-Headhunter. Lolu limi ludume kakhulu phakathi kochwepheshe abasebasha. Ngokuvamile i-Scala iya eduze kwe-Java. Kukhona ukuqalisa kabusha okungu-2593 ku-Linkedin, okuyi-199 kubo okungabathuthukisi be-Scala.
Uma sikhuluma ngesidingo, konke kungaphezu kokuhle lapha. Kunezikhala ezingu-515 ezisebenzayo kwa-Headhunter, ezingu-80 kuzo ezibhalwe i-Scala esihlokweni sezikhala. Kunezinkampani ezingama-36 ezifuna abathuthukisi be-Scala ku-LinkedIn. Sezizonke, izinkampani ezingama-283 zihlinzeka ngemisebenzi kubafana abazi iScala.
Isithombe sibonisa isilinganiso senani lezikhala nenani lama-CV ashicilelwe. Abathuthukisi be-Scala ngokwabo bakhonjiswe ngokubomvu.
Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abathuthukisi be-Scala bayadingeka emakethe yaseRussia, bathola amaholo aphezulu. Ngokwezibalo ze-ejensi yami, abathuthukisi be-Scala babiza kakhulu kunonjiniyela be-Java. Njengamanje sifuna unjiniyela we-Scala wenkampani yaseMoscow. Umholo ojwayelekile onikezwa abaqashi kochwepheshe bezinga eliphakathi+ uqala kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-250.
I-Perl
Eyayivame kakhulu ohlwini lwami lwezilimi ezingavamile kwakuyiPerl. Ochwepheshe be-IT abangaphezu kuka-11000 bafake kuhlu ulwazi lwe-Perl njengekhono eliyinhloko, futhi abangu-319 kubo bahlanganisa ulwazi lolimi esihlokweni sokuqhubeka kwabo. Ku-LinkedIn ngithole ochwepheshe abangu-6585 abamaziyo uPerl. Kunezikhala ezingu-569 ezisebenzayo kwa-Headhunter, ezingu-356 ku-LinkedIn.
Kukhona onjiniyela abambalwa abafaka ulwazi lwe-Perl esihlokweni sokuqhubeka kwabo kunezikhala ezishicilelwe. I-Perl akulona nje ulimi oludumile, futhi ingenye yezilimi ezifunwa kakhulu emakethe. Lena yindlela izibalo ezibukeka ngayo:
Izibalo ikhombisa ukuthi i-Perl ingolunye lwezilimi zokuhlela ezibiza kakhulu (isilinganiso somhlaba singama- $ 69) futhi ingenye yezilimi ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngaphezulu kuka-000% wonjiniyela bakhuluma i-Perl.
Ngaphandle kokusabalala okukhulu kolimi, abathuthukisi bePerl banikezwa umsebenzi ngamaphrojekthi osekuyisikhathi eside ekhona emakethe ye-IT. Kule minyaka emithathu edlule, i-ejensi yami ayikaze ithole isicelo sokuthola unjiniyela we-Perl wephrojekthi entsha ye-IT noma ukuqalisa.
Izibalo:
Uma siqhathanisa isidingo sazo zonke izilimi zokuhlela ezidumile, sithola into efana nale: ulimi oludume kakhulu phakathi kwalezo ezisetshenziswayo yiPerl. Kunesamba semisebenzi engama-925 enikezwa ku-HeadHunter naku-LinkedIn yalabo abamaziyo uPerl. I-Scala ayikude kakhulu ngemuva kukaPerl. Kukhona okunikezwayo okungu-798 kumaphothali.
Imidwebo ethulwe ikhombisa inani lezikhala ezishicilelwe zezilimi zokuhlela: VHDL, Scala, Perl.
Izilimi zokuhlela ezingavamile
Okokugcina
Ulimi lokuhlela lwe-Forth luvele ngeminyaka yawo-70s. Manje ayifuni emakethe yaseRussia. Azikho izikhala ku-Headhunter noma ku-LinkedIn. Ochwepheshe abangu-166 ku-Headhunter nabangu-25 ku-LinkedIn babonise ulwazi lwabo lolimi ezinhlelweni zabo zokusebenza.
Iningi labafakizicelo lineminyaka engaphezu kwe-6 yesipiliyoni somsebenzi. Ochwepheshe abanolwazi lweForth bacela izinhlobonhlobo zamaholo kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 kuze kufike kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500.
cobol
Olunye lwezilimi ezindala kakhulu zokuhlela. Onjiniyela abaningi bangabamele iqembu labadala (abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50) abanolwazi lomsebenzi olubabazekayo. Lokhu futhi kuqinisekisa ukukala kwakamuva , okusho ukuthi iningi labahleli bezinhlelo abanolwazi babhala ku-Cobol ne-Perl.
Sekukonke, ngithole i-362 iqala kabusha ku-Headhunter futhi i-108 iqala kabusha ku-LinkedIn. Ulwazi lwe-Cobol lochwepheshe abangu-13 lufakiwe esihlokweni sokuqhubeka. Njengase-Forth, okwamanje azikho izipesheli zemisebenzi zalabo abazi i-Cobol. Bekunesikhala esisodwa kuphela ku-LinkedIn sabathuthukisi be-Cobol.
I-Rexx
Ithuthukiswe yi-IBM futhi yafinyelela esicongweni sokuduma kwayo emuva ngeminyaka yama-90s, i-Rexx namuhla iba ngolunye lwezilimi eziyivelakancane ohlwini lwami.
Abathuthukisi abayi-186 babhale ulwazi lwe-Rexx ku-Headhunter yabo eqala kabusha, kanye ne-114 ku-LinkedIn. Kodwa-ke, angikwazanga ukuthola izikhala ze-Rexx enolwazi kunoma yiziphi izingosi.
I-Tcl
Kunesidingo solimi, kodwa ngeke ngihlukanise ulimi njengoludingeka. Kunezikhala ze-33 ku-Headhunter nezingu-11 ku-LinkedIn. Umholo onikezwa abafana abanolwazi lwe "Tikl" awuphezulu kakhulu: kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-65 kuya ezinkulungwaneni ezingu-150. Abathuthukisi be-379 ku-Headhunter kanye ne-465 ku-Linkedin babonise ukuthi bayalwazi ulimi. Unjiniyela oyedwa kuphela obhale ubunikazi be-Tcl esihlokweni sokuqhubeka kwakhe.
Nakhu ukuthi kubukeka kanjani isilinganiso senani lezikhala zemisebenzi equkethe ikhono le-Tcl:
Clarion
Angikayiboni imisebenzi esebenzayo edinga ulwazi lwe-Clarion. Nokho, kukhona isiphakamiso. Abantu abangu-162 babonise ku-LinkedIn ukuthi bayalwazi lolu limi, futhi ku-Headhunter - ochwepheshe abangu-502, abathathu kubo bafake ikhono esihlokweni sokuqhubeka kwabo. Ukuqasha Okumangalisayo kuthole ochwepheshe abangu-158 abajwayele ngandlela thize ulimi lwe-Clarion.
naseCeylon
Ithuthukiswe ngabakwaRed Hat ngo-2011. Ngokusekelwe ku-Java. Ngakho-ke igama lolimi: isiqhingi saseJava saziwa njengomphakeli wekhofi, futhi isiqhingi saseSri Lanka, esasaziwa ngokuthi iCeylon, singumnikezeli wetiye emhlabeni.
Ulimi aluvamile ngempela. Azikho izikhala futhi cishe awekho ama-CV. Sikwazile ukuthola i-resume eyodwa ku-Headhunter. Isevisi Yokuqasha Okumangalisayo inikeza ochwepheshe abangama-37 kuphela kulo lonke elaseRussia.
Izibalo:
Uma uqhathanisa zonke izilimi ezingavamile ngenani lokuqhubeka, uthola izibalo ezithakazelisayo: ku-LinkedIn, ochwepheshe abaningi babonise ulwazi lwe-Tcl, futhi ku-Headhunter, i-Clarion yayiwulimi oludume kakhulu ohlwini. Ulimi olungaziwa kakhulu phakathi konjiniyela kwakuyi-Cobol.
Ukuhlaziya kwami ββββokuncane kubonise ukuthi iCeylon iphenduke ulimi oluyivelakancane impela; asikho isidingo noma ukunikezwa emakethe ye-IT yaseRussia. Izilimi ezingavamile zihlanganisa Forth, Cobol, Clarion, Rexx. U-Perl no-Scala baphenduke izilimi ezidume kakhulu nezidumile. Zingasuswa ngokuphephile ohlwini lwezilimi zokuhlela ezingavamile.
Source: www.habr.com